Hayrick Butte

Last updated
Hayrick Butte
Hayrick Butte, Oregon.JPG
Hayrick Butte seen from the top of Hoodoo Ski Area
Highest point
Elevation 5,482 ft (1,671 m) [1]
Coordinates 44°23′57″N121°52′17″W / 44.3992857°N 121.8714477°W / 44.3992857; -121.8714477 [1]
Geography
USA Oregon relief location map.svg
Red triangle with thick white border.svg
Hayrick Butte
Location in Oregon
Location Linn County, Oregon, U.S.
Parent range Cascades
Topo map United States Geological Survey Three Fingered Jack
Geology
Mountain type Tuya

Hayrick Butte is a tuya, a type of subglacial volcano, in Linn County, Oregon. Located in the Willamette National Forest near Santiam Pass, it lies adjacent to the cinder cone Hoodoo Butte, which has a ski area. Hayrick Butte likely formed when lava erupted underneath an overlying glacier or ice sheet, producing the flat top with near-vertical walls along the ice-contact margin as the lava cooled and hardened. Hayrick Butte has a nearly flat plateau about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) across and steep walls rising about 700 feet (0.21 km) above its surroundings. A cartographer accidentally switched the names for nearby Hoodoo Butte and Hayrick Butte; the word "hoodoo" usually refers to rock piles and pinnacles like those observed at Hayrick Butte.

Contents

Compared to Hoodoo, Hayrick is less popular for recreation, though it can be climbed, and there are hiking, snowshoeing, and snowmobile routes surrounding the butte. Its north-facing slope has subalpine forests with mountain hemlock and fir, which are common in the Cascades.

Geography

Hayrick Butte is located in Linn County in the U. S. state of Oregon. [1] Close to Santiam Pass, [2] it forms part of the United States Geological Survey topographic map for the Three Fingered Jack volcano. [1] Hayrick Butte lies south of Three Fingered Jack near Hoodoo Butte, Sand Mountain Field, Potato Butte, and Black Butte, with Belknap Crater and Mount Washington further to the south. [3] It is also within the McKenzie Ranger District of the Willamette National Forest. [4] According to the Geographic Names Information System, Hayrick Butte has an elevation of 5,482 feet (1,671 m); [1] in 1980, the Willamette National Forest Gazetteer listed its elevation as 5,575 feet (1,699 m). [4] The butte has a width of about 0.5 miles (0.80 km). [5]

Hayrick Butte is located next to the Hoodoo ski area. [6] In response to a new master plan at the Hoodoo Ski Bowl in 1995, the United States Forest Service released a draft environmental impact statement for the surroundings. [7] The Forest Service argued that development at Hoodoo Butte and Hayrick Butte would require excavating and/or blasting 20,000 to 28,000 cubic yards (15,000 to 21,000 m3) of soil and rock on Hayrick Butte, which would potentially exacerbate erosion of local soil. [8] The removal of this soil and rock would also substantially limit future revegetation, further reducing soil productivity in the area. [9] The Forest Service statement also asserted that development of new trails would not lead to significant "scenic resource effects," [10] and that any "landform modification" from a proposed snow play area would only have moderate and short-term effects. [10]

Ecology

The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife determined in the early 1990s that there was potential for peregrine falcon nests at Hayrick Butte, though it was considered low-quality habitat because of its lack of suitable ledges and high amounts of human disturbance. [11] According to a 2003 paper, Hayrick Butte has a rich forest on its steep, north-facing slope with mountain hemlock and mature fir trees [12] at an elevation of 5,090 feet (1,550 m). [12] [13] Oroboreal subalpine forests like these usually occur above elevations of 4,900 feet (1,500 m) in the Cascades, in areas with cool, wet climates. Mean precipitation for these zones ranges from 1,500 to 3,000 millimetres (59 to 118 in), with cool summers and cold, snowy winters. Dense forests are less common at higher elevations, switching to patchy forest stands separated from one another by shrubs or meadows. [14]

Geology

North Sister (of the Three Sisters volcano complex) and Mount Washington mark isolated volcanic centers among the highly mafic (rich in magnesium and iron) platform of the central High Cascade arc. About 4.5 million years ago, eruption of mafic lava filled a subsiding Pliocene depression, creating the modern, mafic High Cascades. [15] Compared to the eruptive products at and near North Sister, lava deposits at Mount Washington have a greater abundance of incompatible elements (elements unsuitable in size and/or charge to the cation sites of the minerals of which it is included.) [16] The nearby lava dome and tuya (subglacial volcano) Hogg Rock shows more similarity to the basaltic andesite deposits at North Sister, which are poorly enriched in incompatible elements. [17] The part of the High Cascades that extends south from Mount Jefferson to Santiam Pass includes shield volcanoes, lava domes, and cinder cones. [18] The high elevation of Matuyama-aged rocks east of Santiam Pass, coupled with exposure of Brunhes-aged rocks to the west, imply the presence of a northward-trending normal fault. [17]

Hayrick Butte is of late Pleistocene age. [19] Like Hogg Rock, Hayrick Butte is an andesite lava dome [20] with a flat top, suggesting that it is also a tuya, or a subglacial volcano. Both volcanic features have been eroded by glaciation, [2] leaving glassy margins and jointing. [21] Both Hayrick Butte and Hogg Rock produced porphyritic andesite lava with plagioclase and orthopyroxene and trace levels of phenocrysts with olivine. [22] Hayrick Butte also served as a barrier for Hoodoo Butte during the Pleistocene glaciation, blocking the advancement of glacial ice from eroding Hoodoo's summit crater. [20]

Most lava domes in the Cascades occur in clusters or surrounding just a few major volcanic centers. There are roughly 190 known domes in the state of Oregon, with 40 located near Mount Jefferson, 22 near the Tumalo volcanic highland, 28 near the Three Sisters, and close to 60 surrounding Mount Mazama. Hayrick Butte, however, is more isolated from other volcanoes. [23] Hayrick Butte, along with Benchmark Butte, formed more than 12 miles (20 km) from any major stratovolcano. [24] Hildreth (2007) likewise writes that Hayrick is "clearly separated from major clusters or evolved centers." [23]

Hayrick Butte has a normal magnetic polarity. [21] Like Hogg Rock and other andesite lava domes in the area, it has lower incompatible element abundances than surrounding andesitic rock deposits. [21] A 1992 element abundance analysis of Hayrick Butte andesite samples from the margin of the volcano shows a silicon dioxide (silica) level of 60.1 percent, aluminum oxide level of 18.4 percent, calcium oxide level of 6.24 percent, iron(II) oxide level of 5.55 percent, and sodium oxide level of 4.42 percent. Magnesium oxide made up 3.3 percent of the samples, with potassium oxide levels at 1.08 percent and manganese(II) oxide, phosphorus pentoxide, and titanium dioxide all below 1 percent. [25] Additional studies from 1980 and 1983 exhibit similar levels of silica in samples from Hogg Rock and Hayrick Butte at about 59 [22] to 60 percent. [19]

Human history

According to cartographer Stuart Allen, an early cartographer [26] accidentally switched the names for nearby Hoodoo Butte and Hayrick Butte. The word "hoodoo" refers to rock piles and pinnacles like those observed at Hayrick Butte, [26] while "hayrick" is a synonym for haystack, a more fitting name for Hoodoo Butte, which has a profile that resembles a haystack shape. Whether or not this error actually occurred remains unclear, but the names remain to present day. [27]

Recreation

The Obsidian Climb School and Eugene Mountain Rescue offer climbing classes and field sessions at Hayrick Butte. [28] A backcountry, snowshoeing trail runs for 4 miles (6.4 km) from the Hoodoo ski area, [29] rising about 200 feet (61 m) in elevation over its course. [30] The route travels between Hayrick and Hoodoo Butte, offering views of Mount Washington. [31] There is an avalanche hazard near Hayrick's base. [31] An old roadbed next to the trail travels up Hoodoo Butte to the Hoodoo Butte Plateau [31] and the butte's summit, [32] where a historic fire cleared many trees. [32] There are snowmobile routes down the old Santiam Pass Wagon Road to the south and Forest Road 2690 to the east, [32] as well as a geocache at Hayrick's summit. [26] Markian Hawryluk of The Bulletin in Bend described Hayrick as "antisocial" compared to the "family-friendly ski area" of Hoodoo Butte, [26] citing its 700-foot (210 m) tall, nearly vertical walls. [26] The tuya is also surrounded by cliffs. [5] William Sullivan of The Register-Guard wrote that Hayrick offered "breathtaking views" of Mount Jefferson, Big Lake, Hoodoo Butte, Mount Washington, and Black Butte. [5] Hayrick Butte is also visible from the 6.9-mile (11.1 km) Patjens Lake Loop trail near Santiam Pass. [33]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mount Jefferson (Oregon)</span> Stratovolcano in the Cascade Range, Oregon, US

Mount Jefferson is a stratovolcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc, part of the Cascade Range in the U.S. state of Oregon. The second highest mountain in Oregon, it is situated within Linn County, Jefferson County, and Marion County and forms part of the Mount Jefferson Wilderness. Due to the ruggedness of its surroundings, the mountain is one of the hardest volcanoes to reach in the Cascades. It is also a popular tourist destination despite its remoteness, with recreational activities including hiking, backpacking, mountaineering, and photography. Vegetation at Mount Jefferson is dominated by Douglas fir, silver fir, mountain hemlock, ponderosa pine, lodgepole pine, and several cedar species. Carnivores, insectivores, bats, rodents, deer, birds, and various other species inhabit the area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Three Fingered Jack</span> Mountain in United States of America

Three Fingered Jack is a summit of a shield volcano of the Cascade Range in the U.S. state of Oregon. Formed during the Pleistocene epoch, the mountain consists mainly of basaltic andesite lava and was heavily glaciated in the past. While other Oregon volcanoes that were heavily glaciated—such as Mount Washington and Mount Thielsen—display eroded volcanic necks, Three Fingered Jack's present summit is a comparatively narrow ridge of loose tephra supported by a dike only 10 feet (3.0 m) thick on a generally north–south axis. Glaciation exposed radiating dikes and plugs that support this summit. The volcano has long been inactive and is highly eroded.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mount Washington (Oregon)</span> Deeply eroded volcano in the Cascade Range of Oregon

Mount Washington is a deeply eroded volcano in the Cascade Range of Oregon. It lies within Deschutes and Linn counties and is surrounded by the Mount Washington Wilderness area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Belknap Crater</span> Shield volcano in the U.S. state of Oregon

Belknap Crater is a shield volcano in the Cascade Range in the U.S. state of Oregon. Located in Linn County, it is associated with lava fields and numerous subfeatures including the Little Belknap and South Belknap volcanic cones. It lies north of McKenzie Pass and forms part of the Mount Washington Wilderness. Belknap is not forested and most of its lava flows are not vegetated, though there is some wildlife in the area around the volcano, as well as a number of tree molds formed by its eruptive activity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mount McLoughlin</span> Stratovolcano in Oregon

Mount McLoughlin is a dormant steep-sided stratovolcano, or composite volcano, in the Cascade Range of southern Oregon and within the United States Sky Lakes Wilderness. It is one of the volcanic peaks in the Cascade Volcanic Arc, within the High Cascades sector. A prominent landmark for the Rogue River Valley, the mountain is north of Mount Shasta, and south-southeast of Crater Lake. It was named around 1838 after John McLoughlin, a Chief Factor for the Hudson's Bay Company. Mount McLouglin's prominence has made it a landmark to Native American populations for thousands of years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indian Heaven</span> Volcanic field in United States of America

Indian Heaven is a volcanic field in Skamania County in the state of Washington, in the United States. Midway between Mount St. Helens and Mount Adams, the field dates from the Pleistocene to the early Holocene epoch. It trends north to south and is dominated by six small shield volcanoes; these shields are topped by small spatter and cinder cones, and the field includes a number of subglacial volcanoes and tuyas. The northernmost peak in the field is Sawtooth Mountain and the southernmost is Red Mountain; its highest point is Lemei Rock at an elevation of 5,925 feet (1,806 m).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santiam Pass</span> Mountain Pass in Oregon, United States

Santiam Pass is a 4,817-foot (1,468 m) mountain pass in the Cascade Range in central Oregon in the United States. It is located on the border between Linn and Jefferson counties, about 18 mi (29 km) northwest of Sisters, between the prominent volcanic horns of Three Fingered Jack to the north and Mount Washington to the south. Several other smaller volcanoes, including cinder cones and tuyas, are found near the summit of the pass. U.S. Route 20 connects eastern Oregon with the valley of the Santiam River on the west via Santiam Pass. One of the 19 or 20 lakes by the name of Lost Lake is located beside the highway just west of Santiam Pass. The pass may be approached from the west by three distinct routes:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boring Lava Field</span> Plio-Pleistocene volcanic field in Oregon, United States

The Boring Lava Field is a Plio-Pleistocene volcanic field with cinder cones, small shield volcanoes, and lava flows in the northern Willamette Valley of the U.S. state of Oregon and adjacent southwest Washington. The field got its name from the town of Boring, Oregon, located 12 miles (20 km) southeast of downtown Portland. Boring lies southeast of the densest cluster of lava vents. The zone became volcanically active about 2.7 million years ago, with long periods of eruptive activity interspersed with quiescence. Its last eruptions took place about 57,000 years ago at the Beacon Rock cinder cone volcano; the individual volcanic vents of the field are considered extinct, but the field itself is not.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Three Sisters (Oregon)</span> Three volcanic peaks in Oregon, U.S.

The Three Sisters are closely spaced volcanic peaks in the U.S. state of Oregon. They are part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, a segment of the Cascade Range in western North America extending from southern British Columbia through Washington and Oregon to Northern California. Each over 10,000 feet in elevation, they are the third-, fourth- and fifth-highest peaks in Oregon. Located in the Three Sisters Wilderness at the boundary of Lane and Deschutes counties and the Willamette and Deschutes national forests, they are about 10 miles south of the nearest town, Sisters. Diverse species of flora and fauna inhabit the area, which is subject to frequent snowfall, occasional rain, and extreme temperature variation between seasons. The mountains, particularly South Sister, are popular destinations for climbing and scrambling.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black Butte (Oregon)</span> Extinct stratovolcano in US

Black Butte is an extinct stratovolcano in the U.S. state of Oregon. Located in Jefferson County, it is part of Deschutes National Forest. Black Butte forms part of the Cascade volcanic arc. The butte lies just south of the Metolius Springs, which merge to form the headwaters of the Metolius River. The Metolius River's basin sustains a wide array of plant life, large and small mammals, and more than 80 bird species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rocky Butte</span> Extinct cinder cone butte in Portland, Oregon

Rocky Butte is an extinct cinder cone butte in Portland, Oregon, United States. It is also part of the Boring Lava Field, a group of volcanic vents and lava flows throughout Oregon and Washington state. The volcano erupted between 285,000 and 500,000 years ago.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diamond Peak (Oregon)</span> Mountain in the United States

Diamond Peak is a volcano in Klamath and Lane counties of central Oregon in the United States. It is a shield volcano, though it might also be considered a modest stratocone. Diamond Peak forms part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, a segment of the Cascade Range in western North America extending from southern British Columbia through Oregon to Northern California. Reaching an elevation of 8,748 feet (2,666 m), the mountain is located near Willamette Pass in the Diamond Peak Wilderness within the Deschutes and Willamette national forests. Surrounded by coniferous forest and visible in the skyline from foothills near Eugene, Diamond Peak offers a few climbing routes and can be scrambled. Diamond Peak is one of Oregon's Matterhorns.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Olallie Butte</span> Mountain in United States of America

Olallie Butte is a steep-sided shield volcano in the Cascade Range of the northern part of the U.S. state of Oregon. It is the largest volcano and highest point in the 50-mile (80 km) distance between Mount Hood and Mount Jefferson. Located just outside the Olallie Scenic Area, it is surrounded by more than 200 lakes and ponds fed by runoff, precipitation, and underground seepage, which are popular spots for fishing, boating, and swimming. The butte forms a prominent feature in the Mount Jefferson region and is usually covered with snow during the winter and spring seasons.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hoodoo Butte</span> Mountain in Oregon, United States

Hoodoo Butte is a cinder cone butte in the Cascade Range of northern Oregon, located near Santiam Pass. Immediately to the east lies Hayrick Butte, a prime example of a tuya; the two mountains' names were likely mistaken for each other, but stuck with them over time. The area has been subjected to a number of historic fires. Hoodoo is sometimes considered a subfeature of the Mount Washington shield volcano, and it forms part of the Sisters Reach, which extends from South Cinder Peak to Crane Prairie Reservoir, running for 56 miles (90 km). This region has a high vent density, with many mafic volcanoes of Pleistocene to Holocene age, such as Hoodoo. While Hoodoo has an intact summit crater that was blocked from erosion by glaciers, it has an irregular topography, giving it an open appearance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black Crater</span> Shield volcano in central Oregon, United States

Black Crater is a shield volcano in the Western Cascades in Deschutes County, Oregon. Located near McKenzie Pass, the volcano has a broad conical shape with gentle slopes. The volcano likely formed during the Pleistocene and has not been active within the last 50,000 years. Eruptive activity at the volcano produced mafic lava flows made of basaltic andesite and olivine basalt; it also formed a number of cinder cones. A normal fault occurs on the western side of the volcano, trending north–south. The volcano has been eroded by glaciers, which carved a large cirque into the northeastern flank of the mountain, forming its current crater.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hogg Rock</span> Mountain in the Cascade Range of northern Oregon

Hogg Rock is a tuya volcano and lava dome in the Cascade Range of northern Oregon, United States, located close to Santiam Pass. Produced by magma with an intermediate andesite composition, it has steep slopes and thick glassy margins. Hogg Rock exhibits normal magnetic polarity and is probably about 80,000 years old.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pelican Butte</span> Mountain in the United States

Pelican Butte is a steep-sided shield volcano in the Cascade Range of southern Oregon. It is located 28 miles (45 km) due south of Crater Lake and 12 miles (19 km) northeast of Mount McLoughlin. Ice age glaciers carved a large cirque into the northeast flank of the mountain. Several proposals have been made over the last few decades for ski area development on the northeast flanks of the volcano, but there are no current plans to develop a ski area on the mountain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dee Wright Observatory</span>

Dee Wright Observatory is an observation structure at the summit of McKenzie Pass in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon. The structure is an open shelter constructed with lava stone. It is located in the midst of a large lava flow, and offers an exceptional view of numerous Cascade peaks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sand Mountain Volcanic Field</span> Volcanic field in Oregon

The Sand Mountain Volcanic Field is a volcanic field in the upper McKenzie River watershed, located in the United States in Oregon. Part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, it lies southwest of Mount Jefferson and northwest of Belknap Crater and Mount Washington. Its highest elevation is 5,463 feet (1,665 m).

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Hayrick Butte". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. November 19, 2018. Retrieved November 19, 2018.
  2. 1 2 Wood & Kienle 1990, p. 179.
  3. ↑ Gannett 1903, p. 21.
  4. 1 2 Willamette National Forest Gazetteer 1980, p. 16.
  5. 1 2 3 Sullivan, W. (December 7, 2010). "Island in the sky". The Register-Guard . GateHouse Media. Archived from the original on December 20, 2018. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  6. ↑ Hoodoo Master Plan 1995, p. IJ-68.
  7. ↑ Hoodoo Master Plan 1995, p. S-1.
  8. ↑ Hoodoo Master Plan 1995, p. 4-25.
  9. ↑ Hoodoo Master Plan 1995, p. 4-26.
  10. 1 2 Hoodoo Master Plan 1995, p. 4-5.
  11. ↑ United States Forest Service 1995, p. 15.
  12. 1 2 Rikkinen 2003b, p. 448.
  13. ↑ Rikkinen 2003a, p. 9.
  14. ↑ Rikkinen 2003a, p. 8.
  15. ↑ Hughes & Taylor 1986, p. 1025.
  16. ↑ Hughes & Taylor 1986, p. 1028.
  17. 1 2 Conrey et al. 2002, p. 62.
  18. ↑ Wood & Kienle 1990, p. 178.
  19. 1 2 Hildreth 2007, p. 26.
  20. 1 2 Taylor 1981, p. 75.
  21. 1 2 3 Hill & Priest 1992, p. 11.
  22. 1 2 Sherrod et al. 2004, p. 22.
  23. 1 2 Hildreth 2007, p. 45.
  24. ↑ Hill 1991, p. 13.
  25. ↑ Hill & Priest 1992, p. 12.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 Hawryluk, M. (March 10, 2011). "Tackling Hayrick Butte". The Bulletin . Western Communications. Archived from the original on December 20, 2018. Retrieved December 19, 2018.
  27. ↑ Eisenbeis, C. (August 23, 2016). "Tuya: A distinctive local geological feature". Nugget Newspaper . Dolson, K. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  28. ↑ The Obsidian Bulletin 2018, p. 4.
  29. ↑ Andersen 2001, p. 107–109.
  30. ↑ Andersen 2001, p. 107.
  31. 1 2 3 Andersen 2001, p. 109.
  32. 1 2 3 Andersen 2001, p. 110.
  33. ↑ Sullivan, W. L. (October 25, 2018). "The post-fire parade yields stunning views at the Patjens Lakes". Statesman Journal . Gannett Company. Archived from the original on January 31, 2021. Retrieved December 20, 2018.

Sources

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.