Hopton, Derbyshire

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Hopton
Hopton Derbyshire Sign.jpg
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Hopton
Location within Derbyshire
Population104 (2021 census)
OS grid reference SK257532
Civil parish
  • Hopton
District
Shire county
Region
Country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town Matlock
Postcode district DE4
Dialling code 01629
Police Derbyshire
Fire Derbyshire
Ambulance East Midlands
List of places
UK
England
Derbyshire
53°04′34″N1°36′54″W / 53.076°N 1.615°W / 53.076; -1.615

Hopton is a hamlet and civil parish adjoined to the village of Carsington, in the Peak District of Derbyshire Dales, in the county of Derbyshire, England. [1] It is two miles (3.2 km) from Wirksworth, and seven miles (11.2 km) from the market town of Ashbourne.

Contents

The township is best known for Hopton Hall, the historic seat of the Gell family, whose influence over six centuries shaped the area’s agricultural, industrial, and social development. [1] [2] The village’s history includes evidence of prehistoric settlement, Roman lead mining, possibly as Lutudarum, and a long association with Hopton Wood Stone, a high-quality limestone used in several national monuments, including Imperial War Graves and the Houses of Parliament. [3] [4] [5]

Today, Hopton is a rural community centred on heritage, tourism, agriculture, and its proximity to Carsington Water, Hopton Hall, among others. [6] [7] Griffe Grange forms the northernmost section of the parish, on the Via Gellia Hopton. [8] The Hopton Quarry Nature Reserve occupies part of the former quarry sites, and Hopton Hall Gardens remain open to the public seasonally. [9] [10]

The modern village of Hopton is listed as having a population of 104 in the 2021 UK census. [11]

History

Prehistoric and Roman

Evidence of human activity near Hopton, during a warm period known as the Aveley Interglacial around 200,000 years ago, is provided by the discovery of a Palaeolithic Acheulean hand axe in the area. [3] [2]

In prehistoric times, woolly rhinos lived in the area; the near-complete remains of one such animal were discovered in the Dream Cave nearby Hopton in 1822, with Phillip Gell writing to Sir Everard Home in regards to the discovery that "The Rhinoceros appears to have occupied the centre of the Cave, the Ox and Deer one end, and the smaller animals the other end". [12]

Excavations as part of the Carsington Water reservoir construction revealed that the Romans were once present in the area. [13] Several archaeologists have stated that either Carsington & Hopton, or the wider Wirksworth area, was Lutadarum, a fortress-town and administrative centre of the Roman lead industry. [14] [15] [16] Support for this theory is provided by the existence of Roman cupellation plants in Carsington, as well as lead pigs unearthed in the area. [16] [17] However, the precise location has not currently been established. [18] [19]

Medieval and Middle Ages

Hopton is mentioned in the Domesday Book as 'Opetune' in 1086 as a berewick (supporting farm) of the manor and town of Wirksworth. [2] Its manorial history began some hundred years later, in the twelfth century, under the Gell family. [20] In 1870–72, it was described as being 642 acres large. [10] The lost village of Welledene (Weldon), as recorded in the Domesday Book, is understood to be nearby. [21] However, it has been depopulated for hundreds of years, with one of the most recent records of the settlement being a call to summon jurors for Wirksworth Manor Court in 1792. [22] [23]

During the Middle Ages, Hopton was included as part of the "King's Wapentake" and within the liberties of the “King’s Field”, where lead mining was regulated by royal officials. [4]

To the north of Hopton village is Griffe Grange, including much of the woodland and mining tied to Hopton, bordering Middleton-by-Wirksworth. [24] [8] It is included within Hopton's civil parish boundaries, with the name 'Hopton and Griffe Grange' appearing in some historical administrative documents. [25] [26] In 1870-72, it was describes as having 672 acres with a population of 18. [8]

Historically, its main industries were farming, forestry, and mining. [7] Additionally, Carsington and Hopton share a collective history of lead mining, manorial governance by the Gell family, and governance, both of which are located on the same road. [7]

Toponymy

While settlements in Hopton and Griffe Grange date back to before the Anglo-Saxon and Norse eras, only those names remain within modern usage. [27] [8] The elements of these names are as follows:

'Hoptūn and Gryfja Grange' can be literally translated to the 'Valley and Pit farm/settlement', reflecting its long-standing agricultural history and usage. [27] The Domesday Book records the name as "Opetune" and the local summary "Optune". [2] [30]

The Carsington and Hopton area is recoded as having previously been known as ‘Gershitune’, additionally meaning “the settlement of the [water] cress farm”, given Carsington’s former water source of Scow Brook, much of which was inundated by the Carsington Water reservoir in 1991. [31] [32]

Scow Brook historically formed the upper reaches the Henmore Brook, with the brook still running by Hognaston before becoming Henmore Brook for the rest of its path. [31]

Hopton also serves as the origin for the Hopton (also spelt as d’Hopton, de Hopton, or of Hopton) family whom was a major landowning and feudal figure in Derbyshire first recorded in the 12th and 13th centuries. [31] [33]

Hopton Hall & The Gell Family

The village has a long association with the Gell family, who have had assets in Hopton since 1327, with continuous settlement dating back to Robert Gyll in 1209. [1] [34] From 1553, the Gell family lived in Hopton Hall, after being acquired by Ralph Gell. [35]

Additionally, the family had extensive lead mining interests in the Wirksworth area, from which they made their fortune. [36] The Gell baronetcy, created in 1642 for Sir John Gell, was centred around the wapentake of Hopton. [6]

The Gell family lived and created Hopton Hall, with much of the still-visible work being performed by Thomas Gell in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, and remodelled by Philip Gell in the early nineteenth century. [37]

The 'Roman Vase' in front of the Hopton Hall entrance, brought from Pompeii by Sir William Gell FRS. Pompeii Rock at Hopton Hall.jpg
The 'Roman Vase' in front of the Hopton Hall entrance, brought from Pompeii by Sir William Gell FRS.

Other Notable family members include Sir John Gell, who was a Baron and Parliamentarian in the English Civil War and Sir William Gell, who was an archaeologist. The Gell family continued to own much of Hopton throughout their 600-year ownership of Hopton Hall, building almshouses, ice houses, and other infrastructure in the hamlet, including Via Gellia. [2] [1]

Alongside Hopton, the family played a large role in local society, with members serving as Baronets, MPs, High Sheriffs, Justices of the Peace and Parish Officers at various stages during their ownership of Hopton. [38]

Hopton Quarry & Hopton Wood Stone

Not to be confused with Horton Quarry. See Also: Hopton Wood Stone

Hopton Quarries & Early History

A view of the interior of the quarry in the 1920s, with the rail link shown. Rocks, including Hopton Wood Stone, are around, awaiting transportation. Hopton Quarry 1920.jpg
A view of the interior of the quarry in the 1920s, with the rail link shown. Rocks, including Hopton Wood Stone, are around, awaiting transportation.

Hopton Quarry is located directly north of the village, on the Via Gellia Hopton, and primarily produced the 'Hopton Wood Stone' (Also called Hoptonwood or Hopton-Wood Stone) limestone. [39] [40] Developed first by the Gell family, and then by The Hopton-Wood Stone Firms Ltd, it was called "England’s premier decorative stone", and described as "remarkably and exceptionally pure limestone, almost identical to marble", with impurities at an "extraordinarily low figure of 0.02%". [41] [42]

In 1870–72, John Marius Wilson's Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales described Hopton as having "Good building limestone, (which) is extensively quarried, and was the material of Chatsworth House and Belvoir Castle. Lead ore also occurs". [10]

Usage & Later History

The Tomb of Oscar Wilde, made out of Hopton Wood Stone. Tomb of Oscar Wilde, Pere Lachaise cemetery, Paris, France.jpg
The Tomb of Oscar Wilde, made out of Hopton Wood Stone.

Following the Great War, Hopton Wood Stone was contracted by the Imperial War Graves Commission to supply headstones, [43] with an excess of 120,000 being created and sent to war graveyards in France, Belgium, and Britain. [44] [45] [46] The limestone is said to have been laid in conjunction with a native black stone (now no longer available) to create the first chequerboard floor in England. [47]

It has also been used for several decorative work projects, including the Houses of Parliament, the Bank of England, the Tower of London, Westminster Abbey, Big Ben, Chatsworth House, Hopton Hall, the University of Oxford, several Cathedrals, and Oscar Wilde's tomb, among others. [5] [48] [49]

In 1947, Hopton-Wood Stone Firms Ltd commissioned a book about Hopton Wood stone, published by Fanfare Press. [50]

Long connected to Middleton Mine in nearby Middleton-by-Wirksworth, the two sites were in operation from the 18th century onwards, extracting up to 125,000 tonnes of limestone a year until eventually shutting down operations in 2005. [51]

Hopton Quarry Nature Reserve

Modern Day Hopton Quarry Nature Reserve. Fragrant Orchids can be seen. Modern Hopton Quarry Nature Reserve.jpg
Modern Day Hopton Quarry Nature Reserve. Fragrant Orchids can be seen.

Since its closure, Hopton Quarry has been transformed into a nature reserve, operated by the Derbyshire Wildlife Trust. [9] The three-quarry wildlife redevelopment is described as "supporting a rich variety of (local) wild flowers and habitat... (with the) flat quarry floors supporting a rich diversity of limestone plants". [9] [52]

The Hopton Quarry Nature Reserve now controls 8 hectares of land on the site, with Fly, Frog, Fragrant, and Common Spotted Orchid subspecies all present, alongside wildflower and young woodland habitats. [52] [53] It is open to the public as a free-entry reserve, and is classified as 'Red' by the Derbyshire Wildlife Trust, stating "here wildlife is sensitive all year round. Remain on paths and take extra care". [9]

Modern Day

Hopton Village, at the crossroads of Via Gellia Hopton and Main Street. Hopton Hall's formal gardens can be seen in the background. Hopton Village, Via Gellia Hopton.jpg
Hopton Village, at the crossroads of Via Gellia Hopton and Main Street. Hopton Hall's formal gardens can be seen in the background.

The modern village of Hopton is listed as having a population of 104 in the 2021 UK census. [11]

The township lies just off the B5035 road and Via Gellia from Ashbourne to Wirksworth, at the northern end of Carsington Water. Today, treeland in Doglow and Carsington Woods forms the barrier between Hopton and Carsington in fields, with trees separating the otherwise inseparable villages. [54] Much of the lower half and fields of Hopton were purchased and used by Severn Trent in the 1960s and 1970s for the creation of the Carsington Water Reservoir, and now lie underwater. [55]

The Hopton Incline of the former Cromford and High Peak Railway, now part of the High Peak Trail and Pennine Bridleway, is about two-thirds of a mile (1.1 km) north of the village, and is named after it. The Hopton Incline was one of the world's first long-distance railway lines, and was built between 1825 and 1830. [56]

Intrinsically linked with Carsington, the parish council describes the two villages as such: "Take one of the village signs away and you would think it the same place: a quiet, leafy backwater". [7]

Economy

Goodluck Mine on the Via Gellia, north of Hopton. During its operation, many in Hopton were employed in lead mining. Goodluck Mine - Adit - geograph.org.uk - 2297145.jpg
Goodluck Mine on the Via Gellia, north of Hopton. During its operation, many in Hopton were employed in lead mining.

Historical

Hopton's economy has long been tied to Hopton Hall, agriculture, and local lead mining. [7]

Agriculture, first as part of Hopton Hall's feudality and afterwards as freeholds, competed with mining as the predominant economic output for Hopton, and an employer for its people. [10]

For almost two thousand years, "from the Roman occupation until the nineteenth century, there was an important lead industry in the (Wirksworth, Carsington, and Hopton) neighbourhood", with the apex coming during the late sixteenth century during the Gell Baronecy. [4] Some academics consider Hopton and Carsington to be the location of Lutudarum, the administrative centre of Roman lead mining in Britain. [17]

As lead mining declined, stone quarrying became the dominant form of mining, employing much of Hopton in Hopton Wood Stone mines and quarries. [40] Agriculture and animal husbandry continued to be widespread, with ridge and furrow mounds still present in the fields surrounding the village. [1]

The Gells, to support their industrial concerns, built the Via Gellia north of Hopton in the nineteenth century. [57] The wagon road, connecting lead mines in nearby Carsington Pasture to the new Cromford Canal at Cromford. [57] Via Gellia Hopton, connecting the main Via Gellia to Hopton, allowed for more economic activity to access the hamlet. [37] [1] Viyella, a branded wool-cotton blend created in 1893 and noted as being the "first branded fabric in the world", was named after the road and spun in the valley north of Hopton village. [58] [57]

Modern

The formal gardens at Hopton Hall; open to the public during select months. It serves as a popular draw to Hopton and Carsington. Hopton Hall Gardens during the Morning, Feb. 2023.jpg
The formal gardens at Hopton Hall; open to the public during select months. It serves as a popular draw to Hopton and Carsington.

In the modern era, Hopton's economy is mixed, primarily revolving around tourism and agriculture, especially through Hopton Hall. [59] [7]

Manufacturing is also present in the north of the parish in Griffe Grange, including concrete plants, abrasive and aggregates processing, quarries, and excavating work. [60] [10] All heavy-industry work bypasses the village proper, being located north in Hopton Wood, keeping Hopton "heritage-based, peaceful, and undisturbed. [54] [40] [59]

Most residents commute to work in nearby towns (Wirksworth, Matlock, Ashbourne), alongside a large retired population. [7] Modern hospitality venues include the Miners Arms (originally made to support the local lead miners) in adjacent Carsington, and Cafe Impromptu within Hopton Hall, alongside freehouses and inns in nearby villages. [2] [54]

Tourism is a significant driver for the local economy, with the modern village having a mix of houses, some of which are self-catering accommodation for tourists exploring the Derbyshire Dales, Peak District, and Carsington Water, among others. [1] Hopton Hall's gardens are open to the public during the months of February and June, open every day in February and Thursday to Sunday in July. [61] [59] The hall continues to be a key employer for the area, continuing the historical trend of Hall economic leadership and control over the wider village. [7] [37]

The construction of Carsington Water in the 1960s added to the tourism industry, alongside the designation of the Peak District as a national park a decade prior. [55] This results in significant seasonal economic activity for the village, especially when the Hopton Hall Gardens are open to the public. [54] The access to local nature sites and reserves, including Dovedale, the River Dove, Harboro' and Black Rocks, additionally boosts tourist demand and local value. [56]

Politics & Governance

Derbyshire Dales District Council Ward Results from 2023. Hopton, part of the Wirksworth Constituency, is shaded in red. DDDC Wards 2023.svg
Derbyshire Dales District Council Ward Results from 2023. Hopton, part of the Wirksworth Constituency, is shaded in red.

Hopton is part of the Derbyshire Dales constituency, with the Member of Parliament (MP) being John Whitby of the Labour Party. [62] The Carsington and Hopton Parish Council is responsible for the first tier of governance and community management, and is centred at St. Margaret's Church. [7]

As part of the Wirksworth constituency, Hopton was considered part of a Labour stronghold in regional elections, routinely returning Labour representatives. However, in the 2025 Derbyshire County Council election, it narrowly elected a Reform UK councillor, alongside much of Derbyshire. [63]

The local council districts for Hopton are Wirksworth in both the Derbyshire Dales District Council and Derbyshire County Council, represented by Labour and Reform UK, respectively. [64] [65]

Transportation

The nearest railway station to Hopton is Cromford Station in the East Midlands Railway for day-to-day use, and Wirksworth on the Ecclesbourne Valley Railway, which operates on a heritage basis. [66]

The Cromford and High Peak Railway formerly operated stations in Hopton from 1856, before closing in the aftermath of the Beeching Axe in 1967. [67]

Bus routes that pass through Hopton include the 110 and 111 to Ashbourne and Matlock, both operated by Ashbourne Community Transport after the bankruptcy of Hulleys of Baslow. [68]

Education

The plaque on the outer wall of the school, with the Gell's original coat of arms. c.1726. Carsington and Hopton CofE Primary School Plaque.jpg
The plaque on the outer wall of the school, with the Gell's original coat of arms. c.1726.

Hopton and Carsington are served by the Carsington & Hopton Church Primary School, a Grade II listed CofE primary school as part of the Derbyshire-based 'The Village Federation'. [69] Established in 1726 by the Gell family, it continues to be linked with Hopton Hall, with the school using the Gell Family crest as its logo. [70]

A plaque on the school wall states: 'This School was Built and Given by Mrs Temperance Gell of Hopton for Twenty Poor Children of Hopton and Carson, to Learn to Read, Write, and other proper Works. Anno Dom: 1726'. [71] As of 2025, the Church School was last rated as 'Good' by Ofsted, serving 36 students with 22.2% eligible for free school meals. [72] [73]

Secondary and Sixth Form education for Hopton village is provided by Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School in Ashbourne, and Anthony Gell School in Wirksworth, the latter of which was established by Anthony Gell, a resident of Hopton Hall, in 1576. [74]

Notable Residents

Hopton's village status to Hopton Hall, and its situation within Derbyshire, has resulted in several noteworthy people living there throughout history.

Sir John Gell, 1st Baronet, c.1880 John Gell.jpg
Sir John Gell, 1st Baronet, c.1880
Thomas Gell, c.1645 Thomas Gell Portrait.png
Thomas Gell, c.1645

Sixteenth Century

Seventeenth Century

Sir Philip Gell, 3rd Baronet, c.1664 Sir Philip Gell c.1664.png
Sir Philip Gell, 3rd Baronet, c.1664
Phillip Eyre Gell, c.1763 P.Gell.pdf
Phillip Eyre Gell, c.1763
Admiral John Gell, c.1785 Captain John Gell 1785.jpg
Admiral John Gell, c.1785

Eighteenth Century

Nineteenth Century

A stained glass representation of Philip Lyttelton Gell, in St Margaret's. Philip Lyttelton Gell Stained Glass.jpg
A stained glass representation of Philip Lyttelton Gell, in St Margaret's.

Twentieth Century

See also

References

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  80. ↑ Wirksworth Grammar School. Notes on the Nineteenth Century (PDF).
  81. ↑ National Archives Papers of the Gell family of Hopton Reference D3287
  82. ↑ Woodward, Frances J., "John Philip Gell (1816–1898)", Australian Dictionary of Biography, Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, retrieved 13 October 2025
  83. ↑ "Rev. John Philip Gell". www.companyofangels.net. Retrieved 13 October 2025.
  84. ↑ "Papers of the Gell and Franklin families (as filmed by the AJCP)". Trove. Retrieved 13 October 2025.
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  88. ↑ "Ed Balls red-faced after forgetting name of Labour business supporter". BBC News. 4 February 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2025.
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