Hurricane Earl (2022)

Last updated
Map key
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
Disc Plain black.svg Tropical cyclone
Solid black.svg Subtropical cyclone
ArrowUp.svg Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

Earl originated from a tropical wave that was producing widespread disorganized showers and thunderstorms when it formed off the coast of Africa on August 25. [2] After moving west across the eastern and central tropical Atlantic, the disturbance was met with environmental conditions east of the Leeward Islands that were only marginally conducive for a tropical cyclone's development. [3] After struggling against high wind shear for many days, the disturbance was finally able to organize itself and developed into Tropical Storm Earl early on September 3. [4] A burst of deep convection occurred near the center of Earl during the evening of September 5, and a Hurricane Hunter's mission into the storm later that night reported that it briefly strengthened to near hurricane strength. [5] Earl's intensity continued to fluctuate throughout much of the next day due to ongoing effects of westerly deep-layer shear. [6] Later that day, the shear quickly diminished, resulting in Earl becoming better organized and strengthening into a hurricane at around 00:00 UTC on September 7. [7] By 03:00 UTC on September 8, Earl had reached Category 2 strength, still moving northward; Hurricane Hunters data showed it to have developed an eye of almost 60 mi (97 km) and a fairly symmetric wind field. [8] Three hours later, the hurricane had attained peak sustained winds of 105 mph (165 km/h). [9] Despite being forecasted to continue strengthening and peak as a Category 4 hurricane, Earl's inner core was repeatedly interrupted due to dry air entrainment and it fluctuated in strength the following day while passing well to the east of Bermuda despite being over extremely warm sea surface temperatures of around 84–86 °F (29–30 °C). [10] It briefly weakened down to Category 1 hurricane strength early on September 9, [11] before re-strengthening to Category 2 strength with a peak intensity of 110 mph (175 km/h) sustained winds and a minimum barometric pressure of 954 mbar (28.17 inHg). By this time, Earl had become a rather large hurricane, with hurricane-force winds extending outward up to 80 miles (130 km) from the center and tropical-storm-force winds extending outward up to 275 miles (443 km). [12] After maintaining this intensity for several hours, Earl weakened down to a Category 1 hurricane again at 15:00 UTC on September 10, before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone due south of Cape Race, Newfoundland six hours later. [13] Earl continued to move northeast after becoming extratropical and moved north of the Azores, approaching Europe. Earl continued to spiral north before dissipating on September 15 after "losing its identity" north of the Azores. [14] [15]

Preparations and impacts

Hurricane Earl in the process of becoming a post-tropical cyclone on September 10, 2022 Earl 2022-09-10 1120Z.jpg
Hurricane Earl in the process of becoming a post-tropical cyclone on September 10, 2022

In Salinas, Puerto Rico, 2 people died after being struck by lightning while riding a jet ski. [16] [17] As Earl passed east of Florida, strong swells hit the eastern coast of the state. [18] A large swell caused by Earl hit Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. Rip currents hit Surf City, North Carolina. [19] Along the East Coast of the United States, large swells hit many states. [15] Rip currents also hit many areas of New England. [20] Two people drowned off the coast of New Jersey due to rip currents: one in Ocean City and the other in Loveladies. [21] [22]

Bermuda was hit with sustained winds of 35 mph (60 km/h) as Hurricane Earl passed within about 90 mi (145 km) away from the island's eastern coast; much higher gusts were reported, including one of 67 mph (108 km/h) at the National Museum of Bermuda. There were localized power outages across the archipelago but no major damage was reported. [23] [24] [25] L.F. Wade International Airport reported gusts of 50–60 mph (80–97 km/h). [26] Other parts of the island saw 1–3 in (25–76 mm) of rainfall. [27] All travel to the territory was cancelled as Earl passed, including bus travel on the island. [28]

Nova Scotia saw "life-threatening" swells. [15] During a 36-hour period on September 10–12,7–8 in (175–200 mm) of rain fell in the St. Johns area, causing overflowing along the Waterford River which led to a large amount of urban flooding. Similar rainfall amounts were also observed in communities throughout the Avalon Peninsula. Hurricane-force winds hit Grand Bank. [29] Additionally, the cyclone caused rough surf which damaged the breakwater on the coast near Trepassey, Newfoundland and Labrador, bringing localized flooding to the area. [30] A wall holding out water was destroyed in Trepassey after large waves from Earl hit it. As far out as St. Anthony, Newfoundland and Labrador saw heavy rains associated with Earl. [31] Despite being far away from the United Kingdom and Ireland, the countries still saw heavy rainfall and rough surf from its outer bands. [32]

See also

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Fiona</span> Category 4 Atlantic hurricane in 2022

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References

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  21. [New Jersey Event Report: Rip Current] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. 2022. Retrieved September 26, 2023.{{cite report}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
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Hurricane Earl
Earl 2022-09-10 0515Z (Colored).jpg
Earl at peak intensity while passing by Atlantic Canada on September 10