Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
Unknown
Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depressionThe origins of Hurricane Anna were likely from an easterly wave located over Africa. On July 16, Television Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS) imagery showed a cloud mass situated about 1,020 miles (1,640 km) west-southwest of the southernmost islands of Cape Verde. [1] The existence of an easterly wave was not confirmed by United States Navy reconnaissance aircraft and ship reports until the following day, at which time the system was located over 445 miles (716 km) east of Antigua. Although no circulation existed while the wave approached the Windward Islands, significant amounts of deep convection was associated with the system and located near the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Early on July 20, ship reports indicated a developing circulation between Grenada and Trinidad; [2] squalls on the former island produced wind gusts as strong as 50 mph (80 km/h). [3] According to HURDAT – the North Atlantic hurricane database – the system developed into Tropical Storm Anna at 0000 UTC on July 20, [4] as confirmed by a reconnaissance aircraft flight. [3]
Situated about 25 miles (40 km) east-northeast of Tobago with an initial wind speed of 40 mph (64 km/h), [4] Anna immediately began to strengthen while moving slightly north of due west. The first advisory on Anna, issued at 1330 UTC on July 20, reported sustained winds of 60 mph (97 km/h). Later that day, the storm was upgraded to a hurricane after a reconnaissance aircraft reported hurricane-force winds. [2] Anna then deepened more steadily, becoming a Category 2 hurricane early on July 21. At 1200 UTC on the next day, Anna attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 105 mph (169 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 976 mbar (28.8 inHg ). Early on July 23, Anna weakened to a Category 1 hurricane while approaching the northern coast of Honduras. Around 12:00 UTC on the following day, Anna made landfall in a rural area of Stann Creek District, Belize, with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h). Late on July 24, the system weakened to a tropical storm and then dissipated. [4]
Preparations
The United States Weather Bureau issued tropical cyclone watches and warnings for Venezuela, Curaçao, Bonaire and Aruba. [5] In Jamaica, meteorologists forecast that the storm would bypass the island to the south without causing any effects. [6] As Anna continued westward, it was predicted to make landfall in either northern Nicaragua or southeastern Honduras. Residents in those countries were advised to take precautions ahead of the storm. [7] [8] Central Americans residing along Gulf of Honduras were also warned about 10 feet (3.0 m) tides and strong winds. [9] As the storm neared Honduras, small boats and other water craft were advised to remain in port. [10] Additionally, a hurricane watch was posted for the Swan Islands. [11] In Belize, the threat of the storm forced 100 residents to evacuate their homes, while numerous businesses were closed down. At Belize Harbor, many ships and boats were moved upstream inland. [12] The hurricane was also forecast to bring heavy rainfall to the mountainous areas of Belize, causing a concern for flash flooding. [13] Additionally, Belize's Church Welfare Service began to ship clothing and other materials in anticipation of the hurricane. [12]
Impact
In Grenada, Anna produced wind gusts of 50 mph (80 km/h). [3] Damage from the storm's impact on Grenada was limited to banana crops, trees, and telephone poles. [6] Winds were light on Barbados and Saint Lucia, reaching only 29 mph (47 km/h) on both islands. [1] Damage on Trinidad was minor. [14] In northern Venezuela and the ABC Islands, the storm produced winds of 50–70 mph (80–113 km/h) in Curaçao, Los Hermanos and La Blanquilla; [5] A weather station in Aruba reported winds of 50 mph (80 km/h). [14]
In Honduras, damage from Anna was moderate and limited to the Atlantic coast. A weather station in Tela recorded rainfall of 0.29–1.5 inches (7.4–38.1 millimetres) over a two-day period, and another station in Puerto Cortés measured 2 inches (51 mm). [15] In Plaplaya, the storm damaged 215 homes. In Trujillo, a number of buildings suffered damage. [16] At Limón, nine houses were destroyed and eighteen more were left uninhabitable. [16] Serious damage also occurred in Gracias a Dios Department, where hundreds of people were left homeless. [17] On the Bay Islands, nine houses were demolished and thirteen suffered damage. High winds toppled about 5,000 coconut trees on Útila. [16] Damage from Anna in Honduras amounted to $300,000. [3] One person drowned and 12 other were injured, and victims required food and medical aid in Anna's wake. [17] In Belize, Anna produced waves 7–10 ft (2.1–3.0 m) and gusty winds. [13] Though unspecific, there were reports of considerable damage in the country. [3]
See also
Notes
- ↑ All damage figures are in 1961 United States dollar, unless otherwise noted
Related Research Articles
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Hurricane Edith brought flooding and wind damage to portions of the Greater and Lesser Antilles. The sixth tropical storm and fifth hurricane of the 1963 season, Edith developed east of the Windward Islands on September 23 from an Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) disturbance. Initially a tropical depression, it strengthened into Tropical Storm Edith the next day. Shortly thereafter, Edith reached hurricane status. Edith fluctuated between Category 1 and 2 status as it moved west-northwest. Upon reaching Category 2 intensity on September 25, the storm peaked with winds of 100 mph (155 km/h). After striking Saint Lucia on September 25, the storm traversed the eastern Caribbean Sea. Curving north-northwest on September 26, Edith made landfall near La Romana, Dominican Republic, early on the following day as a minimal hurricane. Interaction with land and an upper-level trough caused Edith to weaken to a tropical storm on September 28 and to a tropical depression by the next day. The storm dissipated just east of the Bahamas on September 29.
References
- 1 2 Fritz, Sigmund (December 1962). "Satellite Pictures And The Origin Of Hurricane Anna" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. Washington, D.C.: American Meteorological Society, PDF document hosted by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 90 (12): 507–513. Bibcode:1962MWRv...90..507F. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1962)090<0507:SPATOO>2.0.CO;2 . Retrieved December 2, 2013.
- 1 2 Higgs, Ralph L. (August 4, 1961). Report on Hurricane Anna – July 20, 1961 (Report). San Juan, Puerto Rico: San Juan Weather Bureau Office, as archived by the National Hurricane Center. p. 1. Retrieved December 2, 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Dunn, Gordon E. (March 1962). "The Hurricane Season of 1961" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. Miami, Florida: American Meteorological Society, PDF document hosted by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 90 (3): 108, 110. Bibcode:1962MWRv...90..107D. doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1962)090<0107:THSO>2.0.CO;2 . Retrieved December 2, 2013.
- 1 2 3 "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. April 5, 2023. Retrieved January 20, 2024.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. - 1 2 Ralph L. Higgs (August 4, 1961). Report on Hurricane Anna - July 20, 1961. U.S. Weather Bureau Office San Juan, Puerto Rico (Report). San Juan, Puerto Rico: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Hurricane Center. p. 2. Retrieved December 2, 2013.
- 1 2 "Anna Should Miss Jamaica". The Daily Gleaner . 1961.
- ↑ "Hurricane's Sight Set on North Coast of Nicaragua". The Daily Courier . United Press International. 1961.
- ↑ "Hurricane Roars Across Caribbean". Arizona Daily Sun . Associated Press. July 22, 1961 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "Anna Bites At British Honduras". The Miami News . July 23, 1961. Retrieved March 9, 2020– via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "Hurricanes Path Leading to Honduras". Sunday Gazette-Mail . United Press International. 1961.
- ↑ "Hurricane Aims At Honduras; Warnings Out". The Palm Beach Post . United Press International. July 23, 1961. Retrieved March 9, 2020– via Newspapers.com.
- 1 2 "Anna British Honduras Bound last night". The Daily Gleaner. 1961.
- 1 2 "Hurricane Anna hits Honduras". Great Bend Daily Tribune. Associated Press. July 24, 1961 – via Newspapers.com.
- 1 2 Ralph L. Higgs (August 4, 1961). Report on Hurricane Anna - July 20, 1961. U.S. Weather Bureau Office San Juan, Puerto Rico (Report). San Juan, Puerto Rico: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Hurricane Center. p. 11. Retrieved December 3, 2013.
- ↑ Record Of Observations Made By Honduran Govt. Weather Station Tela, Honduras. Tela Railroad Co. (Report). San Juan, Puerto Rico: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Hurricane Center. July 27, 1961. p. 2. Retrieved December 3, 2013.
- 1 2 3 Etat; Gordon E. Dunn (August 4, 1961). Report on Hurricane Anna. U.S. Weather Bureau Office Miami, Florida (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Hurricane Center. p. 11. Retrieved December 3, 2013.
{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - 1 2 "Miami Gets Pelted With Short Storms". The Miami News. July 27, 1961. Retrieved March 9, 2020– via Newspapers.com.
 Anna near peak intensity on July 21 |
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Tropical cyclones of the 1961 Atlantic hurricane season | ||
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