Labor Left

For the left-wing faction of the Labour Party in the United Kingdom, see British left. For the British monthly political magazine known at one time as the Labour Left Briefing, see Labour Briefing.

Labor Left Progressive/Socialist Left
Abbreviation	LL
National Convenors [1]	Julian Hill Tim Ayres Sharon Claydon
Newspaper	Challenge Magazine
Ideology	Social democracy Democratic socialism Progressivism
Political position	Centre-left
National affiliation	Australian Labor
Colours	Red
Federal Parliamentary Caucus	47 / 103
Politics of Australia Political parties Elections

The Labor Left, also known as the Progressive Left or Socialist Left, is a political faction of the Australian Labor Party (ALP). It competes with the more economically liberal Labor Right faction.

The Labor Left operates autonomously in each state and territory of Australia, and organises as a broad alliance at the national level. Its policy positions include party democratisation, economic interventionism, progressive tax reform, refugee rights, gender equality and same-sex marriage. ^[2] The faction includes members with a range of political perspectives, including Keynesianism, trade union militancy, Fabian social democracy, New Leftism, and democratic socialism. ^[3]

Factional activity

An activist from the Young Labor Left in 2011

Most political parties contain informal factions of members who work towards common goals, however the Australian Labor Party is noted for having highly structured and organised factions across the ideological spectrum. ^[4]

Labor Left is a membership-based organisation which has internal office bearers, publications, and policy positions. ^[4] The faction coordinates political activity and policy development across different hierarchical levels and organisational components of the party, ^[5] negotiates with other factions on political strategy and policy, and uses party processes to try to defeat other groups if consensus cannot be reached. ^[6]

Many members of parliament and trade union leaders are formally aligned with the Left and Right factions, and party positions and ministerial allocations are negotiated and divided between the factions based on the proportion of Labor caucus aligned with that faction. ^{[4] [6]}

History

Labor left factions before the 1950s

Historian Frank Bongiorno has noted that there had been a number of organisations associated with the left wing of Labor before the 1950s, from the Australian Socialist League in the 1890s, the industrial left which emerged during World War I, the early supporters of Jack Lang, and the State Labor Party of the 1940s. ^[3]

Labor Party split of 1955

The modern Labor Left emerged from the Labor Party split of 1955, in which anti-communist activists associated with B. A. Santamaria and the Industrial Groups formed the Democratic Labor Party while left-wing parliamentarians and unions loyal to H. V. Evatt and Arthur Calwell remained in the Australian Labor Party. ^[7] The earliest formal factional organization was the NSW Combined Unions and Branches Steering Committee (later known as the NSW Socialist Left), which was formed in January 1955. ^[3]

The split played out differently across the country, with anti-communists leaving the party in Victoria and Queensland but remaining within in most other states. This created a power vacuum which allowed the Left to take control of the Federal Executive and Victorian state branch, while its opponents were preserved elsewhere. ^[7] Tom Uren described the left of the Labor Party Caucus upon his election to Parliament in the late 1950s as "a loosely knit grouping... consist(ing) mostly of anti-Catholics, although some members were militants or socialists". ^[3]

From 1965 organised internal groups emerged to challenge the control of the Left, supported by figures such as John Button and Gough Whitlam. After the Victorian branch lost the 1970 state election in the midst of a public dispute with Whitlam over state aid for private schools, the South Australian Left, led by Clyde Cameron, and New South Wales Left, led by Arthur Gietzelt, agreed to support an intervention which saw the Victorian state branch abolished and subsequently reconstructed without Left control. ^[7] Leftists in the Victorian party subsequently regrouped as the formally organized Socialist Left faction. In Queensland, the left coalesced around senator George Georges. Despite an increasing level of organisation in the grassroots party, this was not reflected within the Parliamentary caucus: Ken Fry noted that when he was elected to Parliament in 1974, meetings of left MPs were irregular and they responded to events in an ad hoc manner. The Labor Left suffered the loss of two of its key leaders in the mid-1970s with the downfall of Jim Cairns and the elevation of Lionel Murphy to the High Court of Australia, yet it continued to make advances in terms of nationwide organisation: right-wing power broker Graham Richardson has acknowledged that "at the beginning of the 1980s the Left was the only national faction". ^[3]

Labor Left split in the 1980s

Labor leftists continued to formalise their organisation into the 1980s. In New South Wales, the Steering Committee (which later became known as the Socialist Left in 1989) made advances in branches across the state in the late 1970s and early 1980s under the leadership of Peter Baldwin, initially in the suburbs of Sydney before spreading to the inner cities. This culminated in the deselection of the right-aligned MP for Sydney, Les McMahon, and the selection of Baldwin as Labor candidate for the seat. This was followed by other Labor Right MPs in Sydney's Inner West similarly being usurped by left candidates. ^[8]

In Tasmania, the Broad Left formalised itself in 1983, having taken control of the state party after reforms democratised it in 1976. ^{[3] [9]} In the Australian Capital Territory, the Left Caucus was founded after a left candidate was not preselected in 1982. However, the Left were unable to translate their organisational advances into a presence in the Hawke government: although about a third of the Parliamentary caucus were aligned with the Left at the time, only one member was appointed to Hawke's first cabinet, Stewart West: leading left-winger Brian Howe placed high in the ministry ballot, but was relegated to a junior ministerial position. This came against the background of an increasing factionalising across the party and the emergence of a centre-left faction which joined with the Labor Right to dominate the Hawke government. Left influence was also restricted by the ALP's binding pledge committing legislators to accept caucus discipline, allowing members little freedom to dissent. Left influence also declined at the national conference, with the faction losing its conference majority in the early 1980s. ^[3]

During the 1980s, prolonged disputes over tactical issues and personality conflicts resulted in a split occurring within the New South Wales Labor Left, creating two sub-factional groupings; the 'Hard Left' and the 'Soft Left', ^[10] the latter of which was the successor of the Baldwinites. ^[8] A significant event which caused the split was the election of the Secretary Assistant of the New South Wales Labor Party, where the Hard Left faction supported Anthony Albanese while the Soft Left faction supported Jan Burnswoods. ^[10] The Hard Left faction was more closely aligned with left-wing groups external to the Labor Party, maintaining "closer links with broader left-wing groups, such as the Communist Party of Australia, People for Nuclear Disarmament and the African National Congress" as well as trade union officials, political staffers, lobbyists and student politicians, while the Soft Left's main base of support was among rank-and-file party branch members. ^{[10] [8]} In terms of tactics, the Hard Left favoured a top-down approach of transactional negotiation with the Labor Right, whilst the Soft Left advocated a continuation of the Baldwinite bottom-up strategy of mobilising the grassroots membership to win party positions. This difference in approach led to struggles between the two factions over candidate selections, with the Hard Left using their control over the party apparatus in tandem with sections of the Right to deselect Soft Left MPs across the state, particularly in western Sydney, Newcastle and Wollongong. For example, in Newcastle Bryce Gaudry was deselected in favour of the Right's Jodi McKay, following which about 130 members resigned or were expelled from the city's ALP branches, previously the largest in the state. ^[8] The factions also had differing views on policy. While members of both the Soft and Hard Left opposed the Hawke/Keating government's privatisation of the Commonwealth Bank and Qantas, the Hard Left was seen as being more staunchly resistant to these changes. ^[10]

Lindsay Tanner, writing in the early 1990s, argued that the principal "axis of division" with the ALP cut across the traditional left-right divide, namely the opposition of "rationalists" and "traditionalists", with the former supporting the Prices and Incomes Accord and union mergers, and abandoning or watering down their commitment to traditional Labor objectives such as public ownership, non-interventionism in foreign policy, and maintenance of working-class living standards, whilst the latter were negative towards the Accord, opposed to union mergers, sympathetic toward economic autarky, and attached to traditional Labor policy objectives. ^[11] This divide can be seen through the career of Joan Kirner, who served as Premier of Victoria between 1990 and 1992 and was the first member of the modern Labor Left to lead a government, who supported the ascent of Paul Keating to the post of Prime Minister and his decision to privatise Commonwealth Bank to finance a bailout for the ailing State Bank of Victoria. This resulted in the formation of a splinter group from the Socialist Left, the Pledge faction, which opposed privatisation: in 1996, Pledge allied with another left split, the Labour Renewal Alliance, and the right wing Labor Unity faction to take control of the party away from the Socialist Left. ^{[12] [3]}

Labor Left factions from all jurisdictions

Jurisdiction	Major Left grouping	Conference floor percentage 2015	Majority
New South Wales	NSW Left	40% [13]	No
Victoria	Victorian Socialist Left	49% [14]	Stability pact with the TWU-SDA
Western Australia	Broad Left	84% [13]	Yes
Queensland	The Left	49% [15]	Yes
ACT	Left Caucus	51% [13]	Yes
South Australia	Progressive Left Unions and Sub-Branches	35% [13]	No
Tasmania	The Left	70% [13]	Yes
Northern Territory	The Left	60% [13]	Yes
National	National Left	48% [13]	No

Federal members of the Labor Left

Name	Seat	Other position(s)	State/territory	Ref.
Anthony Albanese	Member for Grayndler	Prime Minister of Australia Leader of the Labor Party	New South Wales	[16]
Tanya Plibersek	Member for Sydney	Minister for Environment and Water		[16]
Stephen Jones	Member for Whitlam	Assistant Treasurer Minister for Financial Services		[17]
Sharon Claydon	Member for Newcastle
Susan Templeman	Member for Macquarie
Pat Conroy	Member for Shortland	Minister for International Development and the Pacific Minister for Defense Industry		[18]
Anne Stanley	Member for Werriwa
Linda Burney	Member for Barton	Minister for Indigenous Australians
Jerome Laxale	Member for Bennelong
Catherine King	Member for Ballarat	Minister for Infrastructure, Transport, and Regional Development	Victoria	[19]
Brendan O'Connor	Member for Gorton	Minister for Skills and Training		[19]
Andrew Giles	Member for Scullin	Minister for Immigration, Citizenship and Multicultural Affairs		[18]
Julian Hill	Member for Bruce
Maria Vamvakinou	Member for Calwell
Lisa Chesters	Member for Bendigo
Libby Coker	Member for Corangamite			[20]
Ged Kearney	Member for Cooper	Assistant Minister for Health and Aged Care		[21]
Kate Thwaites	Member for Jagajaga			[22]
Mary Doyle	Member for Aston		Victoria
Graham Perrett	Member for Moreton		Queensland
Josh Wilson	Member for Fremantle		Western Australia
Patrick Gorman	Member for Perth	Assistant Minister to the Prime Minister		[23]
Anne Aly	Member for Cowan	Minister for Early Childhood Education Minister for Youth
Zaneta Mascharenhas	Member for Swan			[24]
Mark Butler	Member for Hindmarsh	Minister for Health and Aged Care Deputy Leader of the House	South Australia	[19]
Louise Miller-Frost	Member for Boothby
Tony Zappia	Member for Makin
Julie Collins	Member for Franklin	Minister for Housing	Tasmania	[25]
Brian Mitchell	Member for Lyons			[25]
Jodie Belyea	Member for Dunkley		Victoria
Carina Garland	Member for Chisholm		Victoria
Fiona Phillips	Member for Gilmore		New South Wales
Tracey Roberts	Member for Pearce		Western Australia
Marion Scrymgour	Member for Lingiari		Northern Territory
Jenny McAllister	Senator for New South Wales	Assistant Minister for Climate Change and Energy	New South Wales
Jess Walsh	Senator for Victoria		Victoria
Murray Watt	Senator for Queensland	Minister for Agriculture and Fisheries	Queensland
Sue Lines	Senator for Western Australia	President of the Senate	Western Australia
Louise Pratt	Senator for Western Australia		Western Australia
Penny Wong	Senator for South Australia	Leader of the Labor Party in the Senate Leader of the Government in the Senate Minister for Foreign Affairs	South Australia	[16]
Carol Brown	Senator for Tasmania	Assistant Minister for Infrastructure and Transport	Tasmania	[25]
Anne Urquhart	Senator for Tasmania		Tasmania	[25]
Katy Gallagher	Senator for the Australian Capital Territory	Minister for Finance Minister for the Public Service Minister for Women	Australian Capital Territory
Malarndirri McCarthy	Senator for the Northern Territory		Northern Territory
Linda White	Senator for Victoria		Victoria
Fatima Payman	Senator for Western Australia		Western Australia
Tim Ayres	Senator for New South Wales	Assistant Minister for Trade	New South Wales
Nita Green	Senator for Queensland	Special Envoy for the Great Barrier Reef	Queensland
Karen Grogan	Senator for South Australia		South Australia	[26]

References

1. Massola, James (14 February 2021). "What are Labor's factions and who's who in the Left and Right?". The Sydney Morning Herald .
2. "Labor faction chiefs lose control, leaving way open for left-wing issues such as gay marriage". The Sydney Morning Herald. 17 June 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
3. Chiu, Osmond (27 July 2020). "Locking Out the Left: The Emergence of National Factions in Australian Labor". Jacobin . Retrieved 30 July 2020.
4. Leigh, Andrew (9 June 2010). "Factions and Fractions: A Case Study of Power Politics in the Australian Labor Party". Australian Journal of Political Science. 35 (3): 427–448. doi:10.1080/713649348. S2CID   144601220.
5. Parkin, Andrew (1983). Machine Politics in the Australian Labor Party. George Allen and Unwin. p. 23.
6. Faulkner, Xandra Madeleine (2006). The Spirit of Accommodation: The Influence of the ALP's National Factions on Party Policy, 1996-2004 (Thesis). Griffith University. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
7. Oakley, Corey (Winter 2012). "The rise and fall of the ALP left in Victoria and NSW". Marxist Left Review. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
8. Daniel, Nicholas (13 November 2020). "Labor's Anthony Albanese Is Not a Friend of Australia's Left — And He Never Was". Jacobin . Retrieved 17 November 2020.
9. Davis, Richard (2005). "Labor Party". In Alexander, Alison (ed.). The Companion to Tasmanian History . University of Tasmania. ISBN   1-86295-223-X . Retrieved 31 July 2020.
10. Leigh, Andrew (2000). "Factions and Fractions: A Case Study of Power Politics in the Australian Labor Party" (PDF). Australian Journal of Political Science. 35 (3): 427–448. doi:10.1080/713649348. S2CID   144601220.
11. Tanner, Lindsay (June 1991). "Labourism's Last Days". Australian Left Review . No. 129. pp. 10–14. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
12. Robinson, Geoffrey (2 June 2015). "Joan Kirner, a pioneering leader for the Left as well as women". The Conversation . Retrieved 31 July 2020.
13. Chiu, Osmond (2 September 2014). "What is the factional breakdown at Labor Conferences?". Agitate, Educate, Opine. Retrieved 22 January 2016.^{[ unreliable source? ]}
14. Kolovos, Benita (16 June 2023). "Factions, power and Daniel Andrews: Victorian Labor prepares for its first state conference in more than three years". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 21 November 2023.
15. "'No dud politicians': Labor leaders on fiery union spray" . The Courier-Mail .
16. Matthewson, Paula (24 May 2019). "It can be tricky knowing left from right in the ALP". The New Daily . Retrieved 17 March 2021.
17. Koziol, Michael (20 May 2019). "Labor Left rallies behind Albanese as Plibersek pulls out of leadership race". The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 17 March 2021.
18. Crowe, David (29 October 2018). "New trade tensions inside Labor as Left faction pushes for greater labour restrictions". The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 17 March 2021.
19. "The 12 Labor figures who will do the heavy lifting in government". Australian Financial Review . 14 December 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
20. Brook, Stephen; Hutchinson, Samantha (8 July 2020). "CBD Melbourne: Kearney and Coker jump to the Left". The Age . Retrieved 17 March 2021.
21. Middleton, Karen (19 October 2019). "Albanese juggles Labor frictions". The Saturday Paper . Retrieved 17 March 2021.
22. Massola, James (14 February 2021). "What are Labor's factions and who's who in the Left and Right?". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
23. Butterly, Nick (11 May 2018). "WA Labor's Patrick Gorman to get nod as Perth candidate". The West Australian. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
24. Law, Peter (18 June 2021). "Zaneta Mascarenhas looks set to be Labor's candidate for Federal seat of Swan". The West Australian. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
25. Langenberg, Adam (20 July 2016). "Two Tasmanians on Left shadow cabinet ticket". The Advocate . Retrieved 17 March 2021.
26. "Former social services boss tipped to lead SA Labor Left". 19 September 2019.

Further reading

• Barcan, Alan, (1960) The socialist left in Australia 1949–1959 Sydney: Australian Political Studies Association (Occasional monograph (Australian Political Studies Association)) no. 2.
• Leigh, Andrew, (2000) Factions and Fractions: A Case Study of Power Politics in the Australian Labor Party Australian Journal of Political Science, 2000, volume 35, issue 3, pages 427–448.
• Bongiorno, Frank (2014) The New South Wales Left at 60 NSW Left Website.

External links

• NSW Left website
• Young Labor Left NSW website
• SA Socialist Left website
• QLD Left website
• Challenge Magazine website