Lee, Massachusetts

Lee, Massachusetts
Town
Town Hall
Seal
Nickname:  Wildcats
Motto:  "Gateway to the Berkshires"
Location in Berkshire County and Massachusetts.
Coordinates: 42°18′15″N73°14′55″W / 42.30417°N 73.24861°W / 42.30417; -73.24861
Country	United States
State	Massachusetts
County	Berkshire
Settled	1760;264 years ago (1760)
Incorporated	October 21, 1777;246 years ago (October 21, 1777)
Government
• Type	Open Town Meeting
Area
• Total	27.0 sq mi (70.0 km2)
• Land	26.1 sq mi (67.7 km2)
• Water	0.9 sq mi (2.3 km2)
Elevation	1,000 ft (305 m)
Population  (2020)
• Total	5,788
• Density	210/sq mi (83/km2)
Time zone	UTC-5 (Eastern)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-4 (Eastern)
ZIP code	01238
Area code	413
FIPS code	25-34655
GNIS feature ID	0618268
Website	www.lee.ma.us

Lee is a town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It is part of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts, metropolitan statistical area. The population was 5,788 at the 2020 census. ^[1] Lee, which includes the villages of South and East Lee, is part of the Berkshires resort area.

History

Lee occupies land that was originally territory of Mahican Indians. The first non-native settlement in the area was known as Dodgetown as early as 1760. Dodgetown was named after its founding settler, Asahel Dodge, who immigrated to the area from Cape Cod. Lee was incorporated in 1777 from parts of Great Barrington and Washington. It is named after Revolutionary War General Charles Lee. ^[2] Lee is a former mill town.

In the autumn of 1786 during Shays' Rebellion, about 250 followers of Daniel Shays encountered state troops commanded by General John Paterson near East Lee. The Shaysites paraded a fake cannon crafted from a yarn beam, and the troops fled.

Early industries included agriculture, lumbering, and lime making. Abundant streams and rivers provided water power for mills that produced textiles and wire. Papermaking became the principal industry in 1806 with the construction of the Willow Mill by Samuel Church in South Lee. The Columbia Mill in central Lee was established in 1827, and eventually became the first to supply 100% groundwood newsprint to The New York Times . By 1857, there were 25 paper mills in Lee. The Smith Paper Company discovered how to manufacture paper solely from wood pulp in 1867, and through the 1870s was the country's largest producer of paper. ^[3] The mills previously owned by Smith Paper Company were closed in 2008. ^[4] Today, Lee has only a single papermaking facility.

The town's marble is famous for its quality. The first quarry was established in 1852. In 1867, almost 500,000 cubic feet (14,000 m³) of marble was excavated and shipped on the Housatonic Railroad. Buildings constructed of Lee marble include a wing of the Capitol in Washington, 250 sculptures adorning Philadelphia City Hall, ^[5] as well as the General Grant National Memorial, and St. Patrick's Cathedral (both in New York City).

The town's 19th-century prosperity is still evident in its architecture, including its town hall, library, several churches and private homes. South Lee includes a historic district listed on the National Register . ^[6]

Lee has become a popular tourist destination, noted both for its New England charm and its bed and breakfast establishments. It is known as the "Gateway to The Berkshires" because it provides one of only two exits on the Massachusetts Turnpike that serve the county, and the only one going eastbound. ^[7]

Arlo Guthrie's court appearance before the blind judge and his seeing-eye dog for dumping garbage as described in the song "Alice's Restaurant" took place in the courtroom at the Lee Town Hall.^{[ citation needed ]}

Lee was a filming location for Before and After (1996) and The Cider House Rules (1999).^{[ citation needed ]}

• 
  North End c. 1907
• 
  Columbia Mills c. 1912
• 
  Marble quarry c. 1905

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 27.0 square miles (70.0 km²), of which 26.1 sq mi (67.7 km²) is land and 0.89 sq mi (2.3 km²), or 3.22%, is water. ^[8] Lee is bordered by Lenox to the northwest, Washington to the northeast, Becket to the east, Tyringham in the southeast, Great Barrington to the southwest, and Stockbridge to the west. Lee is 10 miles (16 km) south of Pittsfield, 42 miles (68 km) west-northwest of Springfield, and 125 miles (201 km) west of Boston.

Laurel Lake in 1910

Lee is in the southern section of the Berkshires, in a valley along the Housatonic River. It is west of October Mountain State Forest, with two sections of the forest in Lee. In the southwestern corner of town lies a portion of Beartown State Forest, where Burgoyne Pass crosses the northern end of the mountain. Hop Brook, a marshy brook which flows from Tyringham, flows into the Housatonic in the south; other bodies of water include Laurel Lake to the north and Goose Pond to the southeast. The Appalachian Trail skirts the eastern part of town, passing through Tyringham, Becket and Washington.

Lee is on Interstate 90 (the Massachusetts Turnpike), and is home to Exit 10, the westernmost full exit on the turnpike (Exit 1, in West Stockbridge, is only a turnaround exit) as well as the first service area along the Pike. Lee is also on U.S. Route 20, the "old Mass Pike", which was the main route to New York until the interstate. A small section of U.S. Route 7 crosses through the northwestern corner of town before meeting Route 20 in Lenox. Massachusetts Route 102's eastern terminus is at Route 20, at the Exit 2 toll plaza.

Lee lies along the Housatonic Railroad line, which travels from Pittsfield to Great Barrington and Sheffield, terminating near at New Milford, Connecticut, near Danbury. The line is still the area's primary rail link to New York City's metropolitan area, Boston, and Albany. As of 2013 negotiations are underway to restore rail commuter service between the Berkshires and New York City along this route. The town is covered by the Berkshire Regional Transit Authority (BRTA) bus line, which runs between Pittsfield and Great Barrington. Regional bus services make regular daily stops, and maintain year-round schedules through Lee. Peter Pan and Bonanza Bus Lines each make scheduled stops at Town Hall.

Regional air service can be reached at Pittsfield Municipal Airport. The nearest national and international air services can be reached at Albany International Airport in Albany, New York, about 55 miles (89 km) away. Bradley International Airport, near Hartford, Connecticut, approximately 70 miles (110 km) from Lee, is also a popular option.

Climate

Lee experiences a humid continental climate with cold winters and warm summers.

Climate data for Lee, Massachusetts (01238)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)	29 (−2)	32 (0)	41 (5)	54 (12)	65 (18)	73 (23)	78 (26)	76 (24)	68 (20)	56 (13)	45 (7)	34 (1)	54 (12)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)	13 (−11)	15 (−9)	22 (−6)	34 (1)	45 (7)	54 (12)	59 (15)	57 (14)	50 (10)	38 (3)	30 (−1)	20 (−7)	36 (2)
Average precipitation inches (mm)	3.91 (99)	3.74 (95)	4.31 (109)	4.36 (111)	4.50 (114)	4.90 (124)	4.75 (121)	4.53 (115)	4.36 (111)	5.03 (128)	4.50 (114)	4.36 (111)	53.25 (1,352)
Source: The Weather Channel [9]

Demographics

See also: Lee (CDP), Massachusetts

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1850	3,220	—
1860	4,420	+37.3%
1870	3,866	−12.5%
1880	3,939	+1.9%
1890	3,785	−3.9%
1900	3,596	−5.0%
1910	4,106	+14.2%
1920	4,085	−0.5%
1930	4,061	−0.6%
1940	4,222	+4.0%
1950	4,820	+14.2%
1960	5,271	+9.4%
1970	6,426	+21.9%
1980	6,247	−2.8%
1990	5,849	−6.4%
2000	5,985	+2.3%
2010	5,943	−0.7%
2020	5,788	−2.6%
2022*	5,707	−1.4%
* = population estimate. Source: United States census records and Population Estimates Program data. [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]

As of the census ^[21] of 2000, there were 5,985 people, 2,442 households, and 1,606 families residing in the town. By population, Lee ranks seventh out of the 32 cities and towns in Berkshire County, and 227th out of 351 cities and towns in Massachusetts. The population density was 226.7 inhabitants per square mile (87.5/km²), which ranks sixth in the county and 241st in the Commonwealth. There were 2,927 housing units at an average density of 110.9 per square mile (42.8/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 96.93% White, 0.62% Black or African American, 0.15% Native American, 0.95% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.74% from other races, and 0.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.49% of the population.

There were 2,492 households, out of which 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.7% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.2% were non-families. 28.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.1% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $41,556, and the median income for a family was $49,630. Males had a median income of $35,565 versus $26,232 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,799. About 2.5% of families and 6.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.4% of those under age 18 and 4.2% of those age 65 or over.

Government

Lee is the least populous municipality in Massachusetts not to use the open town meeting form of government; instead, it uses the representative town meeting, and is led by a board of selectmen and a town administrator. Lee has its own police, fire and public works departments, as well as a post office. The town's library is a member of the regional library networks.

On the state level, Lee is represented in the Massachusetts House of Representatives by the Fourth Berkshire district, which covers southern Berkshire County, as well as the westernmost towns in Hampden County. In the Massachusetts Senate, the town is represented by the Berkshire, Hampshire and Franklin district, which includes all of Berkshire County and western Hampshire and Franklin counties. ^[22] The town is home to the First Station of Barracks "B" of the Massachusetts State Police. ^[23]

On the national level, Lee is part of Massachusetts's 1st congressional district, represented by Richard Neal of Springfield, Massachusetts. Massachusetts is represented in the United States Senate by senior Senator Elizabeth Warren and junior Senator Ed Markey.

Lee presidential election results ^[24]

Year	Democratic	Republican	Third parties	Total Votes	Margin
2020	69.22%2,415	28.23% 985	2.55% 89	3,489	40.99%
2016	64.90%1,969	28.08% 852	7.02% 213	3,034	36.82%
2012	73.88%2,198	24.17% 719	1.95% 58	2,975	49.71%
2008	72.53%2,192	24.75% 748	2.71% 82	3,022	47.78%
2004	70.77%2,150	28.14% 855	1.09% 33	3,038	42.63%
2000	59.76%1,610	30.40% 819	9.84% 265	2,694	29.36%
1996	62.86%1,704	22.98% 623	14.16% 384	2,711	39.87%
1992	52.86%1,554	24.76% 728	22.38% 658	2,940	28.10%
1988	56.96%1,477	41.92% 1,087	1.12% 29	2,593	15.04%
1984	39.55% 1,047	59.88%1,585	0.57% 15	2,647	20.32%
1980	39.97% 1,116	42.34%1,182	17.69% 494	2,792	2.36%
1976	51.84%1,396	45.08% 1,214	3.08% 83	2,693	6.76%
1972	50.83%1,255	48.64% 1,201	0.53% 13	2,469	2.19%
1968	56.13%1,351	39.51% 951	4.36% 105	2,407	16.62%
1964	78.43%1,731	21.16% 467	0.41% 9	2,207	57.27%
1960	56.69%1,365	43.15% 1,039	0.17% 4	2,408	13.54%
1956	25.73% 606	74.01%1,743	0.25% 6	2,355	48.28%
1952	39.19% 895	60.55%1,383	0.26% 6	2,284	21.37%
1948	48.82% 907	50.70%942	0.48% 9	1,858	1.88%
1944	53.64%964	46.08% 828	0.28% 5	1,797	7.57%
1940	49.21% 963	50.18%982	0.61% 12	1,957	0.97%

Education

Lee operates its own school department, which also serves the town of Tyringham, and has an option to serve Otis and Sandisfield. Lee Elementary School serves students from pre-kindergarten through sixth grades, and the Lee Middle and High School serves students from seventh through twelfth grades. Lee's athletics teams are nicknamed the Wildcats, and their colors are black and orange. Additionally, Lee is home to Saint Mary's School, a parochial school which serves students through eighth grade. Other private schools can be found in Great Barrington and other surrounding towns.

The nearest community college is the South County Center of Berkshire Community College in Great Barrington, and the nearest state university is Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts. The nearest private college is Bard College at Simon's Rock.

Sites of interest

• Festival Latino of the Berkshires ^[25]
• Golden Hill Bridge
• Hyde House
• Hyde School
• Lee historic railroad station
• Lower Main Street Historic District
• Museum of Animation, Special Effects & Art ^[26]
• October Mountain State Forest
• South Lee Historic District
• Unique Specialty Shops of Main Street

Goose Pond and Laurel Lake

Goose Pond and Laurel Lake are two significant bodies of water located in Lee, Massachusetts. Both are popular recreational areas, offering opportunities for boating, fishing, and swimming.

Goose Pond

Goose Pond is a 263-acre enlarged Great Pond. ^[27] It is a glacially formed body of water that is long and narrow, stretching over two miles in length but only a quarter-mile at its widest point. The pond is known for its clear, clean water and is home to various species of fish. The pond's ability to carry trout from year to year has led to its designation as special brown trout water. ^[28]

The pond is divided into two parts: the lower larger pond, surrounded by summer homes, and the upper pond, which maintains a more wilderness-like atmosphere. The upper pond lies in the 112-acre Goose Pond Reservation, where it intersects the Appalachian Trail and an Appalachian Mountain Club shelter for hikers is situated on its shore. Goose Pond Reservation is managed by the Massachusetts Trustees of Reservations. The town of Tyringham maintains a boat ramp close by, which serves as the only public access point. ^[29]

In recent years, Goose Pond has been the site of several notable incidents. In July 2021, a woman drove her car into the pond after taking a wrong turn while following her GPS. The woman escaped unharmed, and the car was later towed from the water. ^[30] In another incident, a fugitive from Maine was found hiding in the hikers' shelter near Goose Pond after fleeing from a car accident on Route 90. The man was apprehended without incident after a multi-agency search. ^[31]

Laurel Lake

Laurel Lake is a 170-acre body of water that straddles the border between Lee and Lenox. The lake is a popular destination for boating, fishing, and swimming. It is stocked annually with trout by the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife. ^[32]

Laurel Lake has been facing challenges with invasive species, particularly Eurasian watermilfoil and zebra mussels. Efforts to manage and control these invasive species have been ongoing. The Laurel Lake Association, in partnership with the Town of Lee, has been actively involved in the prevention and management of these invasive species. These efforts include the use of benthic barriers to smother the milfoil and prevent its growth, as well as public education, boat inspections, and boat washing, to prevent the spread of zebra mussels. ^{[33] [34]}

• 
  Housatonic Railroad track in 1911
• 
  Lee Library in 1909, the only remaining Carnegie library building in the Berkshires
• 
  Greenock Inn in 1912

Notable people

• John M. Barlow, politician and businessman
• Nathan B. Bradley, congressman
• Henry Billings Brown, Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court
• Michelle Cuevas, author
• Thomas C. Durant, financier and railroad promoter
• Frank Dwyer, baseball pitcher
• Elisha Foote, judge, inventor, and mathematician
• Henri Gosselin, politician
• Addison H. Laflin, congressman
• Wayne Larrivee, sportscaster
• Debra Jo Rupp, actress
• Augusta Read Thomas, composer
• Elizur Smith, senator and paper manufacturer
• Elizur Yale Smith, socialite, historian
• Wellington Smith, largest American paper manufacturer
• Edward V. Whiton, Chief Justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court
• Josiah Yale, captain and pioneer of Lee

Notes

1. "Census - Geography Profile: Lee town, Berkshire County, Massachusetts". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved November 14, 2021.
2. Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 184.
3. (February 1914) "Augustus R. Smith, of Lee, Mass., is Dead" Paper: Devoted to the manufacture, sale and use of pulp and paper 13(23): p. 25
4. "Lee Mills". Schweitzer-Mauduit. Archived from the original on October 16, 2006.
5. "American Treasure: Philadelphia City Hall – Masonry Magazine".
6. "Things to Do in Lee, MA: Top Picks". stantonhouseinn.com. Stanton House Inn. Retrieved March 22, 2024.
7. "Welcome to the Lee Chamber of Commerce". leechamber.com. Lee Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved May 16, 2024.
8. "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Lee town, Berkshire County, Massachusetts". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
9. "Monthly Averages for Lee, MA (01238)". The Weather Channel Interactive. Archived from the original (Table) on January 13, 2012. Retrieved October 9, 2011.
10. "Total Population (P1), 2010 Census Summary File 1". American FactFinder, All County Subdivisions within Massachusetts. United States Census Bureau. 2010.
11. "Massachusetts by Place and County Subdivision - GCT-T1. Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
12. "1990 Census of Population, General Population Characteristics: Massachusetts" (PDF). US Census Bureau. December 1990. Table 76: General Characteristics of Persons, Households, and Families: 1990. 1990 CP-1-23. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
13. "1980 Census of the Population, Number of Inhabitants: Massachusetts" (PDF). US Census Bureau. December 1981. Table 4. Populations of County Subdivisions: 1960 to 1980. PC80-1-A23. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
14. "1950 Census of Population" (PDF). Bureau of the Census. 1952. Section 6, Pages 21-10 and 21-11, Massachusetts Table 6. Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions: 1930 to 1950. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
15. "1920 Census of Population" (PDF). Bureau of the Census. Number of Inhabitants, by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions. Pages 21-5 through 21-7. Massachusetts Table 2. Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions: 1920, 1910, and 1920. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
16. "1890 Census of the Population" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. Pages 179 through 182. Massachusetts Table 5. Population of States and Territories by Minor Civil Divisions: 1880 and 1890. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
17. "1870 Census of the Population" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1872. Pages 217 through 220. Table IX. Population of Minor Civil Divisions, &c. Massachusetts. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
18. "1860 Census" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1864. Pages 220 through 226. State of Massachusetts Table No. 3. Populations of Cities, Towns, &c. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
19. "1850 Census" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1854. Pages 338 through 393. Populations of Cities, Towns, &c. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
20. "City and Town Population Totals: 2020−2022". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved November 24, 2023.
21. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved January 31, 2008.
22. "Senators and Representatives by City and Town". Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved March 1, 2008.
23. "Mass.gov". www.mass.gov. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
24. "Election Results".
25. "Festival Latino of the Berkshires, Latin music and dance". www.festivallatino.org. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
26. "Animagic Animation Workshop". www.mambor.com. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
27. "Massachusetts Great Ponds Lis". Mass.gov. Massachusetts Department of Conservation. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
28. "Goose Pond, Lee/Tyringham". Mass.gov/doc. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
29. "Goose Pond, Lee/Tyringham". Massachusetts Paddler. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
30. Lindsay, Dick (July 18, 2021). "Woman escapes car after driving into Goose Pond in Tyringham". The Berkshire Eagle. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
31. DeForge, Jeanette. "Maine fugitive wanted for drug, firearm offenses apprehended in Becket after 13-hour police search". MassLive. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
32. "Laurel Lake, Lee/Lenox". Mass.gov/doc. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
33. The Associated Press (December 2, 2009). "Mass. environmental officials find zebra mussels in Housatonic River, Laurel Brook". MassLive. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
34. "MASSACHUSETTS INTERIM ZEBRA MUSSEL ACTION PLAN". Mass.gov. Massachusetts Department of Fish and Wildlife. Retrieved June 27, 2023.

References

• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Lee (Massachusetts)"  . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

External links

• Media related to Lee, Massachusetts at Wikimedia Commons
• Official website
• Lee Library
• Lee Chamber of Commerce
• TownofLee.com