Liebster Gott, wann werd ich sterben

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"Liebster Gott, wann werd ich sterben"
Christian hymn
Vetter portrait (1709).png
Daniel Vetter, the composer
RelatedBach's Liebster Gott, wann werd ich sterben, BWV 8
Writtenc. 1690
Textby Caspar Neumann
LanguageGerman
Melodyby Daniel Vetter
Published1713 (1713)

"Liebster Gott, wann werd ich sterben" [a] ("Dearest God, when will I die") [8] [b] is a Lutheran hymn which Caspar Neumann, an evangelical theologian from Breslau, wrote around 1690. [16] [17] [18] The topic of the hymn, which has five stanzas of eight lines, is a reflection on death. An elaborate analysis of the hymn's content was published in 1749. A few text variants of the hymn originated in the 18th century. Neumann's text is usually sung to the hymn tune of "Freu dich sehr o meine Seele".

Contents

Daniel Vetter, a native of Breslau, set the hymn in the first half of the 1690s, and published this setting in a version for SATB singers in 1713. This setting was picked up by Johann Sebastian Bach, who based some of his compositions on it. His chorale cantata based on Neumann's hymn, Liebster Gott, wenn werd ich sterben, BWV 8, was first performed in Leipzig in 1724, Vetter's hymn tune, Zahn No.  6634, appearing in its outer movements.

The closing chorale of BWV  8 is a reworked version of Vetter's four-part setting. The appreciation of the similarity (or: difference) between this cantata movement, BWV 8/6, and Vetter's original ranges from "somewhat altered" [19] to "with radical alterations", [20] the 1998 edition of the Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis listing the 1724 version as a composition by Vetter. Another setting of Neumann's hymn was published in 1747.

Text

St Mary Magdalene Church in Breslau (19th-century drawing) POPPEL(1852) p2.621 BRESLAU, ST. MARIA-MAGDALENEN-KIRCHE.jpg
St Mary Magdalene Church in Breslau (19th-century drawing)

Neumann was born in Breslau (now Wrocław in Poland, then in German Silesia) in 1648. [18] [21] From 1667 to 1670 he studied in Jena. [22] Less than a year after having been assigned court preacher in Altenburg in 1678, he returned to his native town, where he became pastor at the St Mary Magdalene Church in 1689. [23] He wrote "Liebster Gott, wann werd ich sterben" around 1690. [16] [17] It is a Lutheran hymn in five stanzas of eight lines. [1] Its hymn metre is 8.7.8.7.7.7.8.8. [24] The topic of the hymn text is a reflection on death. [25] Gabriel Wimmer's extensive commentary on the hymn was published in 1749. [26] [27]

Content

In what follows, the German text of Neumann's hymn is according to Wimmer's publication, [28] and the English translation of the hymn, where provided, is according to Charles Sanford Terry's 1917 publication on hymns as included in Bach's cantatas and motets: these verse translations are John Troutbeck's as published by Novello. [10] [29] [30] The explanatory notes, comparing the hymn text to bible passages, are a translation of Wimmer's, based on KJV for bible quotes. [31]

First stanza
  1. Ecclesiastes9:5: "the living know that they shall die"; Ecclesiastes9:12: "man also knoweth not his time"; Job14:5
  2. Psalms144:4: "his days are as a shadow that passeth away"; Job7:6
  3. Genesis5:3: "Adam ... begat a son in his own likeness"
  4. Wisdom of Solomon7:1: "I myself also am a mortal man, like to all"; Acts14:13
  5. 1 Corinthians15:22: "For as in Adam all die, (etc)"
  6. 1 Peter5:10: "ye have suffered a while"; 1 Peter1:6
  7. Wisdom of Sirach40:1–2: "a heavy yoke is ... / ... the day of death"; 2 Samuel14:14; Job30:23
Caspar Neumann Portret van Kaspar Neumann, RP-P-1906-3530.jpg
Caspar Neumann
Second stanza
  1. Acts25:11: "I refuse not to die"; Acts20:24; Genesis46:30; 1 Kings19:4
  2. Romans8:10: "the body is dead because of sin"; Job17:14
  3. Wisdom of Sirach38:22: "yesterday for me, and to day for thee"; Joshua23:14; 2 Samuel14:14
  4. John11:11: "Our friend Lazarus sleepeth"; Matthew2:20
Third stanza
  1. Jonah2:4: "Then I said, I am cast out of thy sight"
  2. Wisdom of Sirach7:36: "remember the end, and (etc)"; Wisdom of Sirach14:12
  3. Genesis47:29f: "bury me not, I pray thee, in Egypt: But I will lie with my fathers"
  4. Luke12:20: "this night thy soul shall be required of thee"; Isaiah38:15
  5. Luke12:20: "whose shall those things be, which thou hast provided?"; Psalms39:7; Lamentations5:2
  6. Acts11:19: "they ... were scattered abroad upon the persecution that arose"; Matthew26:31
Fourth stanza
  1. Philippians4:5–6: "The Lord is at hand. Be careful for nothing"; 1 Peter5:7
  2. 2 Corinthians5:8: "We are confident, I say, and willing rather to be absent from the body, and to be present with the Lord"; Luke23:43; Philippians1:23; 1 Thessalonians4:17
  3. Job19:25: "I know that my redeemer (etc)"; 1 Corinthians15:44
  4. Philippians3:13: "forgetting those things which are behind"
  5. Joshua13:33: "the LORD God of Israel was their inheritance"
  6. 1 Timothy6:16: "Who only hath immortality"
Fifth stanza
  1. Romans14:9: "For to this end Christ both died, and rose, and revived, that he might be Lord both of the dead and living"; Psalms8:2; Psalms103:19
  2. 1 Corinthians1:8: "Who shall ... confirm you unto the end"; 1 Peter1:9
  3. Acts7:59–60: "Lord Jesus, receive my spirit ... And when he had said this (etc)"; Luke2:29; 2 Maccabees6:27f; Hebrews12:3
  4. Tobit4:4: "bury her by me"; Tobit14:12; Genesis49:29
  5. Psalms71:1: "In thee, O LORD, do I put my trust: let me never be put to confusion"; Psalms31:1

Another linking of phrases from the hymn, and paraphrases thereof, to biblical passages can be found in Melvin P. Unger's 1996 book with interlinear translations of Bach's cantata texts. [32]

Adaptations

Copies of the 1720 and 1721 prints of Franz Anton von Sporck's Verschiedene Buß-Gedancken Einer Reumüthigen Seele, Uber Die Sterblichkeit deß Menschens are extant. The publication contains "O Gott! mein Zeit laufft immer hin", which is an adaptation of Neumann's hymn. Like the original, it has five stanzas of eight lines. [33]

The text of the four middle movements of BWV 8 is an expanded paraphrase of stanzas two to four of Neumann's hymn. The second and third stanza of the hymn form the basis of the second and third movement of the cantata, which are an aria followed by a recitative. The text of the next two movements of the cantata, again an aria followed by a recitative, draws from, and expands upon, the hymn's fourth stanza. [34] [35] [36]

In 1789, Benjamin Friedrich Schmieder  [ wikisource ] published Hymnologie, oder, Ueber Tugenden und Fehler der verschiedenen Arten geistlicher Lieder, in which he presented an improved version of Neumann's hymn. Schmieder clarifies the improvements he proposes in accompanying prose. The incipit of this version reads: "Ach wie bald, Herr, kan ich sterben!" (lit.'Ah how soon, Lord, can I die!'). [37]

Melodies and settings

Notes

  1. Spelling variants:
    • Lieber (lit.'Dear') instead of Liebster. [1]
    • No comma after Gott; [2] or, an exclamation mark instead of that comma. [3] [4]
    • wenn instead of wann. [5] [6]
    • werd' or wird instead of werd. [1] [7]
    • Title ending on a question mark. [1]
    Variants also include differences in capitalisation, e.g. GOTT instead of Gott. [3]
  2. Other translations include:
    • "Ah, Lord God, when shall I see Thee?" [9]
    • "Dearest God, when wilt Thou call me?" [10]
    • "Gracious God, when wilt Thou call me?" [10]
    • "Dearest God, when shall I die?" [11] [12]
    • "Dearest God, when will my death be?" [13]
    • "O my God, when shall I perish?" [14] [15]
  3. For the "Abermal ein Jahr verflossen" name variant, see, e.g., Vollständiges Hessen-Hanauisches Choralbuch (1754), where the Register indicates No. 578, that is the "Freu dich sehr o meine Seele" melody, as tune for "Abermal ein Jahr verflossen". [44]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Lieber Gott, wann werd ich sterben? at hymnary.org .
  2. 1 2 Vetter 1713, introduction.
  3. 1 2 3 Allgemeines und vollständiges Evangelisches Gesangbuch für die Königl. Preuß. Schles. Lande (1751), No. 1046, p. 630.
  4. 1 2 Pommerscher Sing- Bet- Lob- und Danck-Altar, oder vollständiges Gesang-Buch (1776), No. 763, p. 522
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Liebster Gott, wenn werd ich sterben BWV 8/6 at Bach Digital.
  6. Wimmer 1749, p.  622.
  7. 1 2 Seiffert, Max (1895). "Vetter, Daniel". Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German). Vol. 39. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. pp. 532–535.
  8. Dellal, Pamela. "BWV 8 – Liebster Gott, wenn werd ich sterben?". Emmanuel Music . Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  9. Spitta 1899, II, p.  431.
  10. 1 2 3 Kenney 1960.
  11. Unger 1996, p.  26.
  12. Dürr & Jones 2006, p.  550.
  13. Ambrose 2020.
  14. Schulze 2017.
  15. Kantate (ID: 4333): Liebster Gott, wenn werd ich sterben at SLUB Dresden website.
  16. 1 2 3 4 Liebster Gott, wenn werd ich sterben BWV deest (NBA Serie III:2) at Bach Digital.
  17. 1 2 Koch 1868, pp.  463, 595.
  18. 1 2 Neumann, Caspar at Bach Digital.
  19. 1 2 3 Spitta 1899, II, p.  432.
  20. 1 2 Dürr & Jones 2006, p.  553.
  21. Koch 1868, p.  456.
  22. Koch 1868, p.  457.
  23. Koch 1868, pp.  457458.
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Zahn 1891, p.  130.
  25. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Spitta 1899, II, pp.  431433.
  26. Koch 1868, p.  463.
  27. Wimmer 1749.
  28. Wimmer 1749, pp.  624625.
  29. Terry 1917, pp.  497, 537538.
  30. Bach 1880.
  31. Wimmer 1749, pp.  624–626.
  32. Unger 1996, pp.  26–29.
  33. Verschiedene Buß-Gedancken Einer Reumüthigen Seele, Uber Die Sterblichkeit deß Menschens (1720), "Ein anders"; Verschiedene Buß-Gedancken Einer Reumüthigen Seele, Uber Die Sterblichkeit deß Menschens (1721), "Ein anders".
  34. 1 2 3 Schulze 2017, p. 5.
  35. 1 2 3 Dürr & Jones 2006, p.  552.
  36. Spitta 1899, II, pp.  431432.
  37. Schmieder 1789.
  38. Neumann 1716.
  39. Neumann 1716, "Sterbe-Lied" ('Song for the dying'), pp. 386–387.
  40. Zahn 1891, p.  105.
  41. 1 2 3 Schmieder 1789, p.  306.
  42. 1 2 Zahn 1891, p.  102.
  43. GENEVAN 42 and Abermal ein jahr verflossen at hymnary.org website.
  44. Müller 1754.
  45. Dürr & Kobayashi 1998, p. 481.
  46. Instances of "Liebster Gott, wann werd ich sterben" at hymnary.org website.
  47. Das Privilegirte Ordentliche und Vermehrte Dreßdnische Gesang-Buch (1730), No. 623, p. 389; Das Privilegirte Ordentliche und Vermehrte Dreßdnische Gesang-Buch (1759), No. 623, p. 389; Das Privilegirte Ordentliche und Vermehrte Dreßdnische Gesang-Buch (1768), No. 623, p. 389.
  48. Sammlung von geist- und trostreichen Sterb- und Begräbniß-Liedern (1747), No. 62, pp. 79–80.
  49. Neues vollständiges Gesang-Buch, für die Königlich-Preußische, auch Churfürstlich-Brandenburgische und andere Lande (1748), No. 623, p. 403; Neues vollständiges Gesang-Buch, für die Königlich-Preußische, auch Churfürstlich-Brandenburgische und andere Lande (1757), No. 623, p. 403
  50. Neu-eingerichtetes Kirchen- und Haus- Gesang-Buch (1749), No. 1007, p. 698.
  51. Seelen erquickendes Harpffen-Spiel (1764), No. 571, pp. 882–883.
  52. Liedersammlung zum Gebrauch für Kranke und Sterbende (1789), No. 58, pp. 90–91.
  53. Ein Unpartheyisches Gesang-Buch (1804), No. 366, pp. 390–391, Ein Unpartheyisches Gesang-Buch (1808), No. 366, pp. 390–391 and Ein Unpartheyisches Gesang-Buch (1829), No. 366, pp. 390–391 at hymnary.org website.
  54. Die Kleine Geistliche Harfe der Kinder Zions (1811), No. 299, p. 272 and Die Kleine Geistliche Harfe der Kinder Zions (1834), No. 299, p. 272 at hymnary.org website.
  55. Erbauliche Lieder-Sammlung (1826), No. 581, p. 369 at hymnary.org website.
  56. Die Gemeinschaftliche Liedersammlung (1841), No. 185, pp. 315–317 and Die Gemeinschaftliche Liedersammlung (1849), No. 185, pp. 315–317 at hymnary.org website.
  57. Hamburgisches Gesangbuch (1842), No. 638, pp. 457–458
  58. 1 2 3 4 Vetter 1713, No. 91.
  59. 1 2 3 Winterfeld 1847, p.  487.
  60. Terry 1917, p.  152.
  61. 1 2 3 4 Liebster Gott, wann werd ich sterben (sacred song) BWV 483 at Bach Digital.
  62. Terry 1917, pp.  151152.
  63. "B-Br Ms II 3905 Mus (Fétis 1985)". Bach Digital . Leipzig: Bach Archive; et al. 3 September 2018.
  64. Yearsley 2019, p.  219.
  65. 1 2 3 4 5 Liebster Gott, wenn werd ich sterben [1st version] BWV 8.1 at Bach Digital.
  66. Dürr & Jones 2006, pp.  2930, 550.
  67. Liebster Gott, wenn werd ich sterben?, BWV 8 : Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
  68. Ebata 2019.
  69. Schemelli 1736, p.  595.
  70. Schemelli 1736, pp.  595596.
  71. 1 2 3 Liebster Gott, wenn werd ich sterben [2nd version] BWV 8.2 at Bach Digital.
  72. Yearsley 2019, pp.  218219.
  73. Yearsley 2019, pp.  219220.
  74. 1 2 Winterfeld 1847, Annex, pp.  140–142.
  75. Liebster Gott, wenn werd ich sterben?, BWV 8 : Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
  76. Songs and Arias, BWV 439–518 : Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
  77. Clough-Leighter 1935.
  78. Platen 1976, p. 51.
  79. Dürr & Kobayashi 1998, p. 468.
  80. Zahn 1893, pp.  335337.

Sources