List of Armenian Olympic medalists

This article is about ethnic Armenian Olympic medalists. For athletes who competed for the modern Republic of Armenia (since 1996), see Armenia at the Olympics § List of medalists.

Soviet gymnast Albert Azaryan (pictured on a 2009 postage stamp) is the most decorated Armenian Olympian of all time with three gold and one silver medal.

A poster at an Armenian public school depicting ancient and modern Armenian Olympic gold medalists

Historically, only a portion of ethnic Armenian athletes and athletes of Armenian descent have competed for Armenia in the Olympic Games. Classical Armenian historians attest that Armenian kings Tiridates III and Varazdat were recorded as champions in the Ancient Olympic Games. The first Armenians to participate in modern Olympics were athletes Mkrtich Mkryan and Vahram Papazyan, who represented the Ottoman Empire in the 1912. ^[1] The first Armenian to win a medal was Hal Haig Prieste, a son of Armenian immigrants, who won a bronze medal in diving in the 1920 for the United States. ^[2] Soviet Armenian gymnast Hrant Shahinyan became the first Armenian gold medalist of the modern Olympics in 1952.

From 1952 to 1988, most Armenian athletes represented the Soviet Union. Although Armenia became independent in 1991, it and other former Soviet states (except the Baltic states) were part of the Unified Team in 1992. The National Olympic Committee of Armenia was founded in 1990 and became an International Olympic Committee member in 1993. ^[3] Since the 1994 Winter Olympics, Armenia participates separately. Some Armenian athletes, including ethnic Armenians born abroad and those who emigrated from Armenia, compete under other flags.

Ancient Olympic Games

Although athletics never spread into Armenia in antiquity, ^[4] two Armenian kings may have been champions in the ancient Olympic Games. ^[5] According to Agathangelos (further corroborated by Movses Khorenatsi), one of the most prominent ancient Armenian kings, Tiridates III, who is best known for converting Armenia to Christianity in the early 4th century, was an Olympic champion prior to his reign. ^{[6] [7] [8]} Modern scholars have calculated his victory in wrestling at the 265th Olympics in 281 AD, aged 22–23. ^[9]

Later king Varazdat (Varazdates), also from the Arsacid dynasty, who reigned between 374 and 378, ^[10] has been widely cited as the last Olympic victor known by name, with a victory in fisticuffs (boxing) ^{[a] [12]} in 385 AD. ^{[23] [24]} It is supported by a memorial plate at the museum in Olympia, Greece. ^[25] Other authors have placed the event in 369, ^{[26] [27] [28] [29]} 365, ^[30] or 393. ^[31] According to Movses Khorenatsi, while a prince living at the court of Roman Emperor Valens in Constantinople, he won the "pugilistic contest" by killing lions. ^[32] According to Remijsen, Varazdates is the highest up the social ladder of all late-antique athletes. ^[33] His victory, however, has been questioned in recent decades. Young noted that his "supposed victory is attested only in a murky Armenian source" (Movses Khorenatsi). ^[34] While Nina Garsoïan considered the purported victories of Tiridates and Varazdates "improbable" and "unlikely." ^{[35] [36]}

Summer Olympics

Medal	Name	Country	Games	Sport	Event	Ref
Bronze	Hal Haig Prieste	United States	1920 Antwerp	Diving	Men's 10 metre platform	[2]
Gold	Hrant Shahinyan	Soviet Union	1952 Helsinki	Gymnastics	Men's team all-around	[37] [38]
Silver	Hrant Shahinyan	Soviet Union	1952 Helsinki	Gymnastics	Men's individual all-around	[37] [38]
Gold	Hrant Shahinyan	Soviet Union	1952 Helsinki	Gymnastics	Men's rings	[38]
Silver	Hrant Shahinyan	Soviet Union	1952 Helsinki	Gymnastics	Men's pommel horse	[38]
Gold	Rafael Chimishkyan	Soviet Union	1952 Helsinki	Weightlifting	Men's Featherweight	[39]
Bronze	Artem Teryan	Soviet Union	1952 Helsinki	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman Bantamweight	[40]
Gold	Vladimir Yengibaryan	Soviet Union	1956 Melbourne	Boxing	Men's Light Welterweight	[41]
Gold	Albert Azaryan	Soviet Union	1956 Melbourne	Gymnastics	Men's team all-around	[42]
Gold	Albert Azaryan	Soviet Union	1956 Melbourne	Gymnastics	Men's Rings	[42]
Gold	Nikita Simonyan	Soviet Union	1956 Melbourne	Football	Men's tournament	[43]
Bronze	Boris Markarov	Soviet Union	1956 Melbourne	Water polo	Men's tournament	[44]
Bronze	Igor Ter-Ovanesyan [45]	Soviet Union	1960 Rome	Athletics	Men's long jump	[46]
Gold	Albert Azaryan	Soviet Union	1960 Rome	Gymnastics	Men's rings	[42]
Silver	Albert Azaryan	Soviet Union	1960 Rome	Gymnastics	Men's team all-around	[42]
Bronze	Igor Ter-Ovanesyan [45]	Soviet Union	1964 Tokyo	Athletics	Men's long jump	[46]
Silver	Armenak Alachachian	Soviet Union	1964 Tokyo	Basketball	Men's basketball	[47]
Gold	Norair Nurikyan	Bulgaria	1972 Munich	Weightlifting	Men's Featherweight	[48]
Silver	Edvard Mikaelian	Soviet Union	1972 Munich	Gymnastics	Men's artistic team all-around	[49]
Bronze	Arkady Andreasyan	Soviet Union	1972 Munich	Football	Men's tournament	[50]
Bronze	Oganes Zanazanyan	Soviet Union	1972 Munich	Football	Men's tournament	[51]
Gold	Norair Nurikyan	Bulgaria	1976 Montreal	Weightlifting	Men's Bantamweight	[48]
Silver	Vardan Militosyan	Soviet Union	1976 Montreal	Weightlifting	Men's middleweight	[52]
Silver	Nelson Davidyan	Soviet Union	1976 Montreal	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman 62 kg	[53]
Gold	Suren Nalbandyan	Soviet Union	1976 Montreal	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman 68 kg	[54]
Bronze	Anushavan Gassan-Dzhalilov	Soviet Union	1976 Montreal	Rowing	Men's coxless fours	[55]
Silver	Nina Muradyan	Soviet Union	1976 Montreal	Volleyball	Women's tournament	[56]
Bronze	David Torosyan	Soviet Union	1976 Montreal	Boxing	Men's Flyweight	[57]
Silver	Yurik Sarkisyan	Soviet Union	1980 Moscow	Weightlifting	Men's 56 kg	[58]
Gold	Eduard Azaryan	Soviet Union	1980 Moscow	Gymnastics	Men's artistic team all-around	[59]
Silver	Sirvard Emirzyan	Soviet Union	1980 Moscow	Diving	Women's 10 metre platform	[60]
Bronze	Ashot Karagyan	Soviet Union	1980 Moscow	Fencing	Men's team foil	[61]
Gold	Yurik Vardanyan	Soviet Union	1980 Moscow	Weightlifting	Men's 82.5 kg	[62]
Bronze	David Ambartsumyan	Soviet Union	1980 Moscow	Diving	Men's 10 metre platform	[63]
Silver	Ashot Karagyan	Soviet Union	1980 Moscow	Fencing	Men's team épée	[61]
Bronze	Bernard Tchoullouyan	France	1980 Moscow	Judo	Men's Half Middleweight	[64]
Bronze	Sos Hayrapetyan	Soviet Union	1980 Moscow	Field hockey	Men's tournament	[65]
Gold	Sanasar Oganisyan	Soviet Union	1980 Moscow	Wrestling	Men's freestyle 90 kg	[66]
Bronze	Khoren Hovhannisyan	Soviet Union	1980 Moscow	Football	Men's tournament	[67]
Gold	Oksen Mirzoyan	Soviet Union	1988 Seoul	Weightlifting	Men's Bantamweight	[68]
Silver	Israel Militosyan	Soviet Union	1988 Seoul	Weightlifting	Men's Lightweight	[69]
Gold	Levon Julfalakyan	Soviet Union	1988 Seoul	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman 68 kg	[70]
Silver	Heorhiy Pohosov	Soviet Union	1988 Seoul	Fencing	Men's team sabre	[71]
Silver	Stepan Sarkisyan	Soviet Union	1988 Seoul	Wrestling	Men's freestyle 62 kg	[72]
Bronze	Manuela Maleeva [73]	Bulgaria	1988 Seoul	Tennis	Women's Singles	[74]
Silver	Alfred Ter-Mkrtchyan	Unified Team	1992 Barcelona	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman 52 kg	[75]
Gold	Mnatsakan Iskandaryan	Unified Team	1992 Barcelona	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman 74 kg	[76]
Gold	Israel Militosyan	Unified Team	1992 Barcelona	Weightlifting	Men's Lightweight–67.5 kg	[69]
Gold	Hrachya Petikyan	Unified Team	1992 Barcelona	Shooting	Men's 50 metre rifle three positions	[77]
Gold	Elen Shakirova [78]	Unified Team	1992 Barcelona	Basketball	Women's tournament	[79]
Gold	Heorhiy Pohosov	Unified Team	1992 Barcelona	Fencing	Men's team sabre	[71]
Gold	Armen Nazaryan	Armenia	1996 Atlanta	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman Flyweight	[80]
Silver	Armen Bagdasarov	Uzbekistan	1996 Atlanta	Judo	Men's Middleweight	[81]
Bronze	Karina Aznavourian [82]	Russia	1996 Atlanta	Fencing	Women's team épée	[83]
Silver	Armen Mkrtchyan	Armenia	1996 Atlanta	Wrestling	Men's Freestyle Light Flyweight	[84]
Gold	Andre Agassi [85]	United States	1996 Atlanta	Tennis	Men's singles	[86]
Gold	Karina Aznavourian [82]	Russia	2000 Sydney	Fencing	Women's team épée	[83]
Silver	Benjamin Varonian	France	2000 Sydney	Gymnastics	Men's horizontal bar	[87]
Bronze	Arsen Melikyan	Armenia	2000 Sydney	Weightlifting	Men's Middleweight–77 kg	[88]
Gold	Varteres Samurgashev	Russia	2000 Sydney	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman 63 kg	[89]
Gold	Armen Nazaryan	Bulgaria	2000 Sydney	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman flyweight–58 kg	[80]
Gold	Pavel Sukosyan [90]	Russia	2000 Sydney	Handball	Men's tournament	[91]
Gold	Karina Aznavourian [82]	Russia	2004 Athens	Fencing	Women's team épée	[83]
Bronze	Artiom Kiouregkian	Greece	2004 Athens	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman 55 kg	[92]
Silver	Ara Abrahamian	Sweden	2004 Athens	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman 84 kg	[93]
Silver	Dimitra Asilian	Greece	2004 Athens	Water polo	Women's competition	[94]
Bronze	Mkhitar Manukyan	Kazakhstan	2004 Athens	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman 66 kg	[89]
Bronze	Armen Nazaryan	Bulgaria	2004 Athens	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman 60 kg	[80]
Bronze	Varteres Samurgashev	Russia	2004 Athens	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman 74 kg	[89]
Bronze	Tigran G. Martirosyan	Armenia	2008 Beijing	Weightlifting	Men's Middleweight (69 kg)	[95]
Bronze	Armen Vardanyan	Ukraine	2008 Beijing	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman 66 kg	[96]
Bronze	Gevorg Davtyan	Armenia	2008 Beijing	Weightlifting	Men's Middleweight (77 kg)	[97]
Bronze	Tigran V. Martirosyan	Armenia	2008 Beijing	Weightlifting	Men's Middleweight (85 kg)	[98]
Gold	Artur Ayvazyan	Ukraine	2008 Beijing	Shooting	Men's 50 metre rifle prone	[99]
Gold	Biurakn Hakhverdian	Netherlands	2008 Beijing	Water polo	Women's competition	[100]
Bronze	Hrachik Javakhyan	Armenia	2008 Beijing	Boxing	Men's Lightweight	[101]
Gold	Arsen Galstyan	Russia	2012 London	Judo	Men's extra-lightweight–60 kg	[102]
Gold	Anna Chicherova [103] [104]	Russia	2012 London	Athletics	Women's high jump
Bronze	Hripsime Khurshudyan	Armenia	2012 London	Weightlifting	Women's +75 kg	[105]
Silver	Arsen Julfalakyan	Armenia	2012 London	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman–74 kg	[106]
Bronze	Artur Aleksanyan	Armenia	2012 London	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman–96 kg	[107]
Bronze	David Ayrapetyan	Russia	2012 London	Boxing	Men's light flyweight–49 kg	[108]
Gold	Olga Akopyan	Russia	2016 Rio	Handball	Women's sabre
Gold	Yana Egorian	Russia	2016 Rio	Fencing	Women's sabre	[109]
Silver	Seda Tutkhalyan	Russia	2016 Rio	Gymnastics	Women's artistic team all-around	[110]
Bronze	Kirill Grigoryan	Russia	2016 Rio	Shooting	Men's 50 metre rifle prone	[111]
Gold	Yana Egorian	Russia	2016 Rio	Fencing	Women's team sabre	[112]
Silver	Simon Martirosyan	Armenia	2016 Rio	Weightlifting	Men's 105 kg	[113]
Silver	Mihran Harutyunyan	Armenia	2016 Rio	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman 66 kg	[114]
Gold	Artur Aleksanyan	Armenia	2016 Rio	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman 98 kg	[115]
Silver	Gor Minasyan	Armenia	2016 Rio	Weightlifting	Men's +105 kg	[116]
Bronze	Artem Harutyunyan	Germany	2016 Rio	Boxing	Men's light welterweight 64 kg	[117]
Gold	Artur Dalaloyan	ROC	2020 Tokyo	Gymnastics	Men's artistic team all-around	[118] [119]
Silver	Karen Khachanov	ROC	2020 Tokyo	Tennis	Men's singles	[120]
Bronze	Artur Davtyan	Armenia	2020 Tokyo	Gymnastics	Men's Vault
Silver	Artur Aleksanyan	Armenia	2020 Tokyo	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman 97 kg
Silver	Simon Martirosyan	Armenia	2020 Tokyo	Weightlifting	Men's 109 kg
Bronze	Hovhannes Bachkov	Armenia	2020 Tokyo	Boxing	Men's lightweight
Gold	Mariya Lasitskene [121] [122]	ROC	2020 Tokyo	Athletics	Women's high jump	[123]
Silver	Artur Davtyan	Armenia	2024 Paris	Gymnastics	Man's vault
Silver	Artur Aleksanyan	Armenia	2024 Paris	Wrestling	Men's Greco-Roman 97 kg
Silver	Varazdat Lalayan	Armenia	2024 Paris	Weightlifting	Men's +102 kg
Bronze	Gor Minasyan	Bahrain	2024 Paris	Weightlifting	Men's +102 kg

By games Games Gold Silver Bronze Total 1920 Antwerp 0 0 1 1 1952 Helsinki 3 2 1 6 1956 Melbourne 4 0 0 4 1960 Rome 1 1 1 3 1964 Tokyo 0 1 1 2 1972 Munich 1 1 2 4 1976 Montreal 2 3 2 7 1980 Moscow 3 3 5 11 1988 Seoul 2 3 1 6 1992 Barcelona 5 1 0 6 1996 Atlanta 2 2 1 5 2000 Sydney 4 1 1 6 2004 Athens 1 2 4 7 2008 Beijing 2 0 5 7 2012 London 1 1 3 5 2016 Rio 4 4 2 10 2020 Tokyo 1 3 2 6 2024 Paris 0 3 1 4 Totals (18 entries) 36 31 33 100

By sport Sport Gold Silver Bronze Total Wrestling 8 9 7 24 Gymnastics 7 7 1 15 Weightlifting 6 7 6 19 Fencing 5 2 2 9 Shooting 2 0 1 3 Handball 2 0 0 2 Judo 1 1 1 3 Tennis 1 1 1 3 Basketball 1 1 0 2 Water polo 1 1 0 2 Boxing 1 0 5 6 Football 1 0 3 4 Diving 0 1 2 3 Volleyball 0 1 0 1 Athletics 0 0 2 2 Field hockey 0 0 1 1 Rowing 0 0 1 1 Totals (17 entries) 36 31 33 100

By country Country Gold Silver Bronze Total Soviet Union 14 14 11 39 Russia 8 1 4 13 Unified Team 5 1 0 6 Bulgaria 3 0 2 5 Armenia 2 10 9 21   ROC 1 1 0 2 Ukraine 1 0 1 2 United States 1 0 1 2 Netherlands 1 0 0 1 France 0 1 1 2 Greece 0 1 1 2 Sweden 0 1 0 1 Uzbekistan 0 1 0 1   Bahrain 0 0 1 1 Germany 0 0 1 1 Kazakhstan 0 0 1 1 Totals (16 entries) 36 31 33 100

Disqualified athletes

• Ashot Danielyan of Armenia was stripped of his medal and suspended following a positive drug test after winning a bronze medal at the 2000 Sydney Games in Men's +105 kg Weightlifting. ^[124]
• Ara Abrahamian of Sweden was disqualified after winning a bronze medal at the 2008 Beijing Games in Men's Greco-Roman 84 kg Wrestling due to "violating the spirit of fair play." ^[125]

Winter Olympics

Medal	Name	Country	Games	Sport	Event	Ref
Gold	Grigory Mkrtychan	Soviet Union	1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo	Ice hockey	Men's tournament	[126]
Gold	Vicki Movsessian	United States	1998 Nagano	Ice hockey	Women's tournament	[127]
Silver	Evgenia Medvedeva	OAR	2018 Pyeongchang	Figure skating	Team event	[128]
Silver	Evgenia Medvedeva	OAR	2018 Pyeongchang	Figure skating	Ladies' singles	[128]

By games Games Gold Silver Bronze Total 1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo 1 0 0 1 1998 Nagano 1 0 0 1 2018 Pyeongchang 0 2 0 2 Total 2 2 0 4

By sport Sport Gold Silver Bronze Total Ice hockey 2 0 0 2 Figure skating 0 2 0 2 Totals (2 entries) 2 2 0 4

By country Sport Gold Silver Bronze Total Soviet Union 1 0 0 1 United States 1 0 0 1 OAR 0 2 0 2 Totals (3 entries) 2 2 0 4

Armenian coaches

• Adam Krikorian, ^[129] the head coach of the United States women's national water polo team, which won gold medals at the 2012, 2016, and 2020 Olympics. ^[130]
• Brian Goorjian, ^[131] the head coach of the Australia men's national basketball team, which won a bronze medal at the 2020 Olympics. ^[132]
• Rafael Arutyunyan, coach of Nathan Chen ^{[133] [134]}

See also

• Armenia at the Olympics

References

Notes

1. Some authors have erroneously stated that Varazdat was an Olympic champion in wrestling or pentathlon. ^[11]

Citations

1. "Armenian Sport Life in the pre-WWI Ottoman Empire". Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
2. "One More Olympic Moment Camden's Hal Prieste, 103, The Oldest Living Olympian, Will Go To Sydney To Return A Flag He Captured In 1920". The Philadelphia Inquirer . 9 September 2000. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2012. ...Hal Haig Prieste, an American of Armenian descent... In 1896, Prieste's parents and an older brother fled Armenia during a time of violent conflict.
3. "Armenia". Official website of the Olympic Movement. Archived from the original on August 31, 2012. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
4. Remijsen 2015, p. 31.
5. Ispirian 2000.
6. Thomson, Robert W. (1975). "The Fathers in Early Armenian Literature". Studia Patristica . 12: 469.
7. Agathangelos (1976). History of the Armenians. Translation, introduction and commentary by Robert W. Thomson (First ed.). Albany: State University of New York Press. pp.  207-209 [§202]. ISBN   0-87395-323-1.
8. Thomson, Robert W. (1978). Moses Khorenats'i: History of the Armenians. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 226 [§79].
9. Ispirian 2000, p. 191.
10. According to Faustus of Byzantium; see Hacikyan, Agop Jack; Basmajian, Gabriel; Franchuk, Edward S.; Ouzounian, Nourhan (2000). The Heritage of Armenian Literature: From the Oral Tradition to the Golden Age. Vol. 1. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. p.  184. ISBN   9780814328156.
11. Ispirian 2000, p. 193.
12. Remijsen 2015, pp. 47, 269.
13. Fraser, A. D.; Gardiner, E. Norman (1927). "Olympia: Its History and Remains". The Classical Weekly. 20 (11): 88. doi:10.2307/4388895. JSTOR   4388895. ...the year 385 A. D., with which is to be associated the name of the last recorded Olympic victor, a boxer, Varasted or Varazdates by name, a Persian Arsacid, from Armenia.
14. Gardiner, E. Norman (2002) [1930]. Athletics in the Ancient World. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications. p.  52. ISBN   9780486147451. The last Olympic victor whose name we know is the Armenian Prince Varazdates, who won the boxing in the 291st Olympiad (A. D. 385).
15. Trypanis, Constantine Athanasius (1964). Grooves in the Wind. Chilmark Press. p. 7. Varazdates – By a strange irony of fate the last recorded victor of the national (Olympic) games was Varazdates, a Persian Ascarid from Armenia, who won the boxing in A.D. 385
16. Parandowski, Jan (1964). The Olympic Discus: A Story of Ancient Greece. Ungar. p. 299. It was Varazdates, an Armenian prince, a descendant of the Arsacids, who in the year 385 received the wreath for boxing.
17. Schöbel, Heinz [in German] (1966). The Ancient Olympic Games. Van Nostrand. p. 127. 385: Varazdates, last named crowned victor in the ancient Olympic Games
18. Mandell, Richard D. (1987). The Nazi Olympics. Champaign: University of Illinois Press. p.  6. ISBN   9780252013256. Under the tolerant, assimilating Romans, the Olympics became polyglot and the last Olympic victor of whom we have record was an Armenian prince, Varaztad, who won a boxing match in A.D. 385.
19. Baker, William Joseph (1988). Sports in the Western world (Rev. ed.). Urbana: University of Illinois Press. p.  40. ISBN   9780252060427. Fittingly, the last champion for whom there is evidence was not a Greek, but an Armenian boxer named Varaztad.
20. Lambros, Sp. P.; Polites, N. G. (1896). The Olympic Games, B.C.776-A.D.1896: Part First. New York: American Olympic Committee. p.  8. This explains how in the two hundred and ninety first Olympiad (385 B.C.) the victory was carried off by the Armenian pugilist, Varasdates, a descendant of the royal family of Arsacides, who became later the king of Armenia. This Varasdates was the last conqueror in the Olympic Games known to us.
21. Golden, Mark (2004). Sport in the Ancient World from A to Z. Routledge. p.  172. ISBN   9781134535965. Varazdat, son of Anop, king of Armenia (374-378 CE) and boxer, fourth century CE. Varazdat, a boxer, is one of the latest Olympic victors we can identify by name. [Moses Chorenaçi 3.40.]
22. Spivey, Nigel Jonathan (2012). The Ancient Olympics. Oxford University Press. p.  202. ISBN   9780199602698. One of the latest recorded names of victors at Olympia is that of Varazdates, a Persian from Armenia who won the boxing title in 385 AD.
23. ^{[13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22]}
24. Ispirian 2000, p. 194.
25. Ispirian 2000, pp. 193–194: "Հարցի ճշգրտման վրա լույս է սփռում Հունաստանի Օլիմպիա ավանի օլիմպիական թանգարանում ցուցադրվող դարերի խոքից մեզ հասած հուշագիրը, ուր աղյուսաձև վերից վար նշված են օլիմպիական խաղերի թվերը, դրանց անցկացման տարեթվերը, օլիմպիական խաղերի չեմպիոնների անունները և նրանց երկրների անվանումները: Այդ հուշագիրը տեղեկացնում է որ հին հունական օլիմպիոնոկոսի կոչումը նվաճել է հայաստանցի Վարազդատը:"
26. Scanlon, Thomas F. (2002). Eros and Greek Athletics. New York: Oxford University Press. p.  357. ISBN   9780195348767. Varazdates, a Arsacid from Armenia who won in boxing in A.D. 369.
27. Guttmann, Allen (2004). Sports: The First Five Millennia. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. p.  22. ISBN   9781558496101. The date of the last Olympic is as uncertain as the date of the first. Until quite recently, the last known victor was the Armenian prince Varazdat, who won the boxing competition in 369 A.D., but an inscription discovered at Olympia in 1994 gives the names of several athletes whose victories came as late as 385 A.D. If Theodosius I decreed an end to the Olympics in 394, as some scholars believe, then the last games took place in 393. (The evidence for this belief comes from an eleventh-century manuscript by Georgios Kedrenos.)
28. Wenn, Stephen R.; Schaus, Gerald P., eds. (2007). Onward to the Olympics : historical perspectives on the Olympic Games. Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press. p.  5. ISBN   978-0-88920-505-5. Not only does the honour of being the last known Olympian no longer belong to Varazdat(es) of Armenia in AD 369, but it is significant for our understanding of the "end" of the Games that these latest Olympians came from Athens, not from distant parts if the ancient world.
29. Littlewood, A.R. (2010). "Olympia". In Wilson, Nigel (ed.). Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece. New York: Routledge. p.  515. ISBN   978-0-415-87396-3. Although the Roman conquest initially involved a vast diminution in the games' prestige, they now become open to at least some non-Greeks (the last known victor, of boxing in AD 369, was Varazdates, the crown prince of Armenia).
30. Perrottet, Tony (2004). The Naked Olympics: The True Story of the Ancient Games. New York: Random House. p.  190. ISBN   978-0-8129-6991-7. A.D. 365 - The last Olympic victor on record is the Armenian prince Varazdate, who won the boxing in the 291st Olympiad. A.D. 393 - Last official Olympic Games (the 293rd). The victors' names are lost.
31. Katvalian, Maksim (1985). "Վարազդան [Varazdat]". Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia (in Armenian). Yerevan: Armenian Encyclopedia. pp. 305–306. Վարազդատը աղբյուրներում հայտնի է որպես բազմակողմանի զարգացած մարզիկ (ըստ Մովսես Խորենացու՝ կորովի նետաձիգ, ճարտար գազանամարտիկ, սուսերամարտիկ, ըմբշամարտիկ, բռնցքամարտիկ): Նրա անունը դրոշմվել է մարմարյա սալիկին՝ որպես վերջին օլիմպիադայի (393) չեմպիոնի:
32. Remijsen 2015, p. 47, 267, 269.
33. Remijsen 2015, p. 227.
34. Young, David C. (2008). A Brief History of the Olympic Games. John Wiley & Sons. p.  135. ISBN   9780470777756. For centuries and even a decade ago, historians thought that the very last known Olympic victor probably was not a Greek, but an Armenian prince named Varazdates. Varazdates' supposed victory is attested only in a murky Armenian source (Moses of Khoren, History of Armenia 3.40).1 Since Varazdates reigned from 374-8, conjectures place his rather doubtful victory, mentioned only in an Armenian history of Armenia, in the 360s ad.
35. "...his celebration of Trdat and Varazdat's improbable "Olympic" victories..."
    • Garsoïan, Nina (1996). "The Two Voices of Armenian Mediaeval Historiography". Studia Iranica . 25 (1). doi:10.2143/SI.25.1.2003965. p. 17 "Xorenac'i's [...] celebration of Trdat and Varazdat's improbable "Olympic" victories [...] are surely forced and far-fetched."; p. 40, n. 132 "The allusion to Trdat's Olympic victories may be taken from [Agathangelos], whom Xorenac'i acknowledges as a source, although the earlier author mentions these victories only in passing, and not in the section relating to Trdat, borrowed by MX at this point. Varazdat's pugilistic and other triumphs are MX's own invention."
    • Garsoïan, Nina (1999). Church and Culture in Early Medieval Armenia. Ashgate Publishing. p. 17. ISBN   9780860787877.
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