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Ingredients of cosmetic products are listed following International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI). These INCI names often differ greatly from systematic chemical nomenclature or from more common trivial names.
The below tables are sorted as follows:
| INCI name | chemical meaning - structure, name or description [1] | purpose - role(s) in a cosmetic formulation [2] [3] [4] [5] |
| denatured alcohol | ethanol made unsuitable for drinking, often via addition of denatonium. | solvent, carrier, astringent |
| alkyl benzoate C12 - C15 | benzoic acid ester, C 6H 5COO(CH 2)11-14CH3 | (commonly found in products that are fade resistant and water/sweat resistant) |
| allantoin |  N-(2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea | stops bleeding of cuts from shaving [ citation needed ] |
| alpha-isomethyl ionone | 3-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-enyl)but-3-en-2-one | fragrance ingredient [6] |
| aluminium chlorohydrate | basic aluminium chloride Al2(OH)5Cl or Al2(OH)xCl6−x (0<x<6) | antitranspirant |
| aluminium hydroxide | Al(OH)3 | opacifying agent; skin protectant |
| aqua | water | solvent |
| ascorbyl glucoside | C12H18O11 | carrier of vitamin C (water-soluble) |
| ascorbyl palmitate | C22H38O7 | carrier of vitamin C (fat-soluble) |
| butane | butane C4H10 | propellant (pressurized dispenser) |
| 1,3-Butanediol | moisturizer | |
| Butyrospermum parkii | shea butter, vegetable fat made from nuts of African shea tree | solvent |
| boron nitride | BN, hexagonal form | solid lubricant |
| citric acid | C 6H 8O 7 | acidulant; skin peeler |
| cocamide dea | CH3(CH2)nC(=O)N(CH2CH2OH)2, where n is from 8 to 18 | foaming and/or emulsifying agent |
| cyclohexasiloxane | Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) | solvent |
| cyclopentasiloxane (a type of silicone)[ citation needed ] | Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) | solvent |
| cetyl alcohol | CH3(CH2)15OH | various |
| calcium sodium borosilicate | glass (flakes) | makeup, nail polish |
| dodecanol | C 12H 26O | emollient |
| disodium EDTA | C 10H 14N 2Na 2O 8 | sequestering agent |
| egg oil | triglycerides extracted from egg yolk; contains polyunsaturated fatty acids (docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid), cholesterol and traces of lecithin | emollient |
| ethyl macadamiate | ethyl esters of fatty acids | skinfeel modifier |
| glutamate | glutamic acid, C 5H 9NO 4 | component of hydrolyzed protein; skin/hair conditioner |
| (propylene)glycol | C 3H 8O 2 | carrier for makeup |
| hydroxyethyl cellulose | cellulose fiber from wood pulp with –OCH2CH2OH groups added | gives body |
| hydroxypropyl cellulose | cellulose fibre from wood pulp with –OCH2CH(OH)CH3 groups added | gives body |
| isobutane | Isobutane (CH3)2CHCH3 | propellant (pressurized dispenser) |
| isododecane | ||
| isopentane | Isopentane (CH3)2CHCH2CH3 | propellant (pressurized dispenser) |
| isopropyl palmitate | ||
| isostearyl neopentanoate |
| lauryl glucoside | surfactant | |
| mica | ||
| magnesium sulfate |
| niacinamide | ||
| nylon-12 | (C12H23NO)n |
| polysorbate 20 | surfactant used as a detergent and emulsifier | |
| propane | propane CH3CH2CH3 | propellant (pressurized dispenser) |
| paraben | preservative | |
| peg-20 | a variety of Polyethylene glycol | often used as an ointment base |
| polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) [7] | (C 5 O 2 H 8)n | |
| palmitic acid | CH3(CH2)14COOH | |
| paraffinum liquidum | ||
| petrolatum | C15H15N | |
| polymethyl methacrylate |
| sodium hydroxide | sodium hydroxide NaOH | base |
| sodium benzoate | C6H5COONa | preservative |
| silica | SiO2 | preservative |
| synthetic fluorphlogopite |
| talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 | |
| triethanolamine | N(CH2CH2OH)3 | base, chicken liver |
| titanium dioxide | TiO 2 | |
| tin oxide |
In organic chemistry, a methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms, having chemical formula CH3. In formulas, the group is often abbreviated as Me. This hydrocarbon group occurs in many organic compounds. It is a very stable group in most molecules. While the methyl group is usually part of a larger molecule, bounded to the rest of the molecule by a single covalent bond, it can be found on its own in any of three forms: methanide anion, methylium cation or methyl radical. The anion has eight valence electrons, the radical seven and the cation six. All three forms are highly reactive and rarely observed.
Salicylic acid is an organic compound with the formula HOC6H4COOH. A colorless, bitter-tasting solid, it is a precursor to and a metabolite of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid). It is a plant hormone, and has been listed by the EPA Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Substance Inventory as an experimental teratogen. The name is from Latin salix for willow tree, from which it was initially identified and derived. It is an ingredient in some anti-acne products. Salts and esters of salicylic acid are known as salicylates.
Acetophenone is the organic compound with the formula C6H5C(O)CH3. It is the simplest aromatic ketone. This colorless, viscous liquid is a precursor to useful resins and fragrances.
Methyl radical is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH•
3. It is a metastable colourless gas, which is mainly produced in situ as a precursor to other hydrocarbons in the petroleum cracking industry. It can act as either a strong oxidant or a strong reductant, and is quite corrosive to metals.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is the synthetic polymer derived from methyl methacrylate. It is used as an engineering plastic, and it is a transparent thermoplastic. PMMA is also known as acrylic, acrylic glass, as well as by the trade names and brands Crylux, Hesalite, Plexiglas, Acrylite, Lucite, and Perspex, among several others. This plastic is often used in sheet form as a lightweight or shatter-resistant alternative to glass. It can also be used as a casting resin, in inks and coatings, and for many other purposes.
Iodoform is the organoiodine compound with the chemical formula CHI3. It is a pale yellow, crystalline, volatile substance, with a penetrating and distinctive odor and, analogous to chloroform, sweetish taste. It is occasionally used as a disinfectant.
The International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI) are the unique identifiers for cosmetic ingredients such as waxes, oils, pigments, and other chemicals that are assigned in accordance with rules established by the Personal Care Products Council (PCPC), previously the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association (CTFA). INCI names often differ greatly from systematic chemical nomenclature or from more common trivial names and is a mixture of conventional scientific names, Latin and English words. INCI nomenclature conventions "are continually reviewed and modified when necessary to reflect changes in the industry, technology, and new ingredient developments".
Polyquaternium is the International Nomenclature for Cosmetic Ingredients designation for several polycationic polymers that are used in the personal care industry. Polyquaternium is a neologism used to emphasize the presence of quaternary ammonium centers in the polymer. INCI has approved at least 40 different polymers under the polyquaternium designation. Different polymers are distinguished by the numerical value that follows the word "polyquaternium". Polyquaternium-5, polyquaternium-7, and polyquaternium-47 are three examples, each a chemically different type of polymer. The numbers are assigned in the order in which they are registered rather than because of their chemical structure.
Hydroquinone, also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol, a derivative of benzene, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2. It has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position. It is a white granular solid. Substituted derivatives of this parent compound are also referred to as hydroquinones. The name "hydroquinone" was coined by Friedrich Wöhler in 1843.
Acetone, is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2CO. It is the simplest and smallest ketone. It is a colorless, highly volatile and flammable liquid with a characteristic pungent odor.
Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is an organic compound with the formula CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3. This colorless liquid, the methyl ester of methacrylic acid (MAA), is a monomer produced on a large scale for the production of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).
Methacrylic acid, abbreviated MAA, is an organic compound with the formula CH2=C(CH3)COOH. This colorless, viscous liquid is a carboxylic acid with an acrid unpleasant odor. It is soluble in warm water and miscible with most organic solvents. Methacrylic acid is produced industrially on a large scale as a precursor to its esters, especially methyl methacrylate (MMA), and to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).
Acetone cyanohydrin (ACH) is an organic compound used in the production of methyl methacrylate, the monomer of the transparent plastic polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), also known as acrylic. It liberates hydrogen cyanide easily, so it is used as a source of such. For this reason, this cyanohydrin is also highly toxic.
Acefylline (INN), also known as 7-theophyllineacetic acid, is a stimulant drug of the xanthine chemical class. It acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist. It is combined with diphenhydramine in the pharmaceutical preparation etanautine to help offset diphenhydramine induced drowsiness.
Glabridin is a chemical compound that is found in the root extract of licorice. Glabridin is an isoflavane, a type of isoflavonoid. This product is part of a larger family of plant-derived molecules, the natural phenols. Glabridin effectively inhibits platelet activation, so it might become therapeutic agent for thromboembolic disorders.
In organic chemistry, methenium is a cation with the formula CH+
3. It can be viewed as a methylene radical with an added proton, or as a methyl radical with one electron removed. It is a carbocation and an enium ion, making it the simplest of the carbenium ions.
Methyl propionate, also known as methyl propanoate, is an organic compound with the molecular formula CH3CH2CO2CH3. It is a colorless liquid with a fruity, rum-like odor.
Tetramethyl acetyloctahydronaphthalenes is a synthetic ketone fragrance also known as OTNE and by other commercial trade names such as: Iso E Super, Iso Gamma Super, Anthamber, Amber Fleur, Boisvelone, Iso Ambois, Amberlan, Iso Velvetone, Orbitone, Amberonne. It is a synthetic woody odorant and is used as a fragrance ingredient in perfumes, laundry products and cosmetics.
Sadhan Basu FNA, FASc, FRSC was an Indian physical chemist, academic and the Palit Professor of Chemistry at the University of Calcutta from 1964 to 1985. He was known for his elucidation of the Quantum Mechanical Model of Robert S. Mulliken and his article, Degree of Polymerization and Chain Transfer in Methyl Methacrylate, co-authored by Jyotirindra Nath Sen and Santi R. Palit was the first published Indian article on polymer chemistry. He was an elected fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, Chemical Society of France, Indian Chemical Society, Indian National Science Academy and the Indian Academy of Sciences. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, in 1962, for his contributions to chemical sciences.
Poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) is a hydrophobic synthetic acrylate polymer. It has properties similar to the more common PMMA, however it produces less heat during polymerization, has a lower modulus of elasticity and an overall softer texture. It may be vulcanized using lead oxide as a catalyst and it can be softened using ethanol.
