Marshall Group

Last updated

Marshall of Cambridge (Holdings) Limited
Company typeUK Private Limited Company
Industry Aerospace & Defence
Founded1 October 1909
Headquarters Cambridge City Airport, UK
Key people
Kathy Jenkins, Group CEO
Neil McManus, Aerospace MD
ProductsAircraft maintenance, modification and design
VIP completions
FBO
Special Mission
Deployable Systems and Upgrades
Revenueover £1 billion[ citation needed ]
Number of employees
over 2,000[ citation needed ]
Website https://www.marshallgroup.co.uk/

Marshall Group (registered as Marshall of Cambridge (Holdings) Ltd, [1] ) is a British company headquartered in Cambridge, United Kingdom. Subsidiaries include Marshall Aerospace, an aircraft maintenance, modification, and design company located at Cambridge City Airport. Other subsidiaries are Marshall Land Systems (ground defence), Marshall Slingsby Advanced Composites, Marshall Fleet Solutions, Marshall Skills Academy and Marshall Property. Marshall also owns and operates the airport itself.

Contents

The company was originally founded by David Gregory Marshall in 1909. [2] Initially operating chauffeur services, the firm soon branched out into vehicle repair and dealership activities. During the 1930s, Marshall became increasingly engaged in aviation; by the end of the Second World War, the company had trained in excess of 20,000 aircrew for service within the Royal Air Force. It was also engaged in repair and modification of military aircraft during the conflict.[ citation needed ]

During the postwar era, the Marshall companies have been involved in aerospace and special vehicle engineering, with Marshall Aerospace forming a major part of the Marshall Group. The company performs all aspects of design, manufacture, maintenance, modification, conversion and logistic support of military, commercial and business aircraft. Traditionally focused on military customers, Marshall Aerospace has increasingly orientated itself towards the civilian sector in recent decades. It employs over 2,000 people and is based on an 800-acre (3.2 km2) site with 1,200,000 square feet (110,000 m2) of covered Aircraft hangar space on the Cambridge Airport site.

In October 2021, Marshall announced that it had decided to move its Aerospace operations to Cranfield Airport (near Milton Keynes) and that "it will leave its current base at Cambridge Airport by 2030". [3] In November 2022, Marshall Aerospace announced that it expects to have left Cambridge Airport "by 2027". [4]

History

Early years

The Marshall group was originally established during 1909 by its founder David Gregory Marshall, who gave the company his name. [5] Its initial base was a small lock-up garage in Brunswick Gardens, Cambridge, and at first provided chauffeur services to individual customers. It quickly became commercially viable, enabling the business to relocate to larger premises in Kings Street during 1910 and again to Jesus Lane just two years later, expanding its operations to the sale of vehicles shortly thereafter. [5] In 1912, Marshall worked on its first aircraft, helping to repair the engine of a British Army airship, the Beta II, which had made an emergency landing on Jesus Green, a park near its garage. During the First World War, Marshall's premises were engaged in the servicing and repair of vehicles required for the British war effort. [5]

During the late 1920s, David Marshall's son, Arthur, took an active role in the company. [5] A keen engineer and pilot, Arthur was involved in establishing an aerodrome at Fen Ditton on the outskirts of Cambridge. During 1930, the Marshall Flying School was formed at Fen Ditton, marking the company's entry into the aviation sector. [5] During the 1930s, Marshall purchased a large amount of farmland, using some of it to establish what would become Cambridge City Airport, which was larger and with greater facilities than its predecessor. Formally opened in 1937, the new airport was fortuitously timed with a coinciding national priority on rearmament, which included the training of military aircrew. [5] Accordingly, in 1938, a major flying training school for the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve was established by Marshall; it had reportedly trained over 600 new RAF pilots prior to the start of the Battle of Britain. The scheme was ramped up during the Second World War; the company ultimately trained in excess of 20,000 aircrew, including pilots, observers and flying instructors. [5] During 1941, the training scheme was universally adopted by the Royal Air Force (RAF). [5]

Prior to the war, Marshall had opened a second garage, known as "Airport Garage", on the site; both garages were temporarily closed down during the conflict and were reopened shortly after its end. [5] In the meantime, the company engaged in the repair and modification of military aircraft. Marshall performed work on over 5,000 aircraft, ranging in size and complexity from Airspeed Oxford and Avro Anson transport aircraft to front-line combat types as the de Havilland Mosquito, Supermarine Spitfire, Hawker Hurricane, Vickers Wellington and Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress. [5] To cope with this workload, the firm's workforce was expanded to around 3,000 employees, many of which were women. [5] Marshall chose to continue its involvement in aviation work, such as repairs, structural modifications and conversions, even after the war's end, although it mostly abandoned its final assembly work. Instead, the firm operated as a sub-contractor of virtually all the British aircraft manufacturing companies. [5]

Postwar

Marshall Motor Group rapidly flourished in the postwar era; various new garages were soon established to serve Peterborough, Bedford, and neighbouring smaller towns. [5] During the 1950s and 1960s, the firm found work in modifying hundreds of various civil airliners, including the Vickers Viscount, the first turboprop airliner, and de Havilland Comets, the first jet-powered airliner, and the Bristol Britannia. Marshall was also involved with the National Research Development Corporation, assisting Francis Thomas Bacon in the invention of the fuel cell. [5] Around this time, Michael Marshall became the company's CEO. He managed the company for several decades, during which time it became one of the largest privately owned businesses in Britain. [6]

Royal Air Force Hercules C-130K (C3) in commemorative Hercules Integrated Operational Support Colour Scheme. Raf.hercules.c-130k.c3.arp.jpg
Royal Air Force Hercules C-130K (C3) in commemorative Hercules Integrated Operational Support Colour Scheme.

Since 1966, Marshall Aerospace has been the designated support company for the Royal Air Force's fleet of C-130 Hercules. It has been formally recognised as a Sister Design Authority for the type since 1988. The company oversaw the introduction of RAF's 25 second generation C-130J Super Hercules fleet, as well as the retirement of half of the service's first generation aircraft. In addition to its domestic support operations, Marshall Aerospace has supported various international operators' own Hercules fleets. [7] [8] [9] Marshall Group has also signed multiple agreements with US defense conglomerate Lockheed Martin to manufacture various components of the Super Hercules on behalf of the latter's for the global supply chain. [10] [11]

Marshall Aerospace functioned as the design authority for the RAF's fleet of Lockheed TriStar tanker and freighter aircraft; [12] as well as the appointed sister design authority for the RAF's Boeing E-3D Sentry. It undertook major maintenance and modification activity on these types, plus a range of other military and commercial aircraft. Notable design achievements include the design and production of Concorde's droop nose and visor in 1967, and a vestibular sled for medical research [ further explanation needed ] which flew 112 orbits in Space Shuttle Challenger on STS-61-A in 1985. Marshall Aerospace has also performed a variety of passenger to tanker and freighter aircraft conversions. One unusual project was the conversion of a Lockheed L-1011 Tristar airliner into a launch vehicle for a satellite delivery system, on behalf of Orbital Sciences. Marshall Aerospace was the designated industrial body involved in the Vulcan to the Sky project, which restored Avro Vulcan XH558 to a flight-worthy condition and supported its operations for numerous years. [13]

In 1992, Marshall bought AWD Trucks. [14] [15] Production in that subsidiary ended in 1998. [16]

Marshall Group has been a long-term partner of Bombardier Aerospace. During 1998, the company was appointed the first independent authorised service centre in Europe for the Bombardier Global Express long-range business jet. [17] In mid 2000, Marshall became involved in the Global Express' manufacturing process, performing interior completions on behalf of Bombardier. [18] [19] During the 2010s, the firm's expertise with the type enabled it to perform extensive modifications of the airframe to produce customised special mission models for military customers. [20] Marshall Aerospace has also performed the production of long range fuel tanks for various Boeing aircraft, including the Boeing 747-400ER and 777-200LR airliners, as well as the P-8 Poseidon multi-mission maritime aircraft. [21]

By 2012, the Marshall Group was reporting an annual turnover in excess of £1 billion and was employing nearly 4,500 staff. [22] During the 2010s, the business made various moves to expand its footprint in commercial aviation, announcing its intention to establish Cambridge Airport as a primary hub for business aviation operations during 2012. [23] [24] In September 2013, Marshall purchased Hawker Beechcraft's services branch at Broughton, subsequently rebranding it Marshall Aviation Services as well as being appointed Hawker's distributor for the UK, Ireland and Scandinavia. That same year, the company also bought FlairJet, an air charter specialist. This move was part of Marshall's strategy to grow its charter fleet five-fold. [25] [26] At this time, Marshall Group was deliberately restructuring its business activities, particularly its sizable aerospace division. [27]

During late 2015, Marshall Group announced that, in response to a downturn in demand from the British armed forces, the firm intended to focus on its growing civilian activities, including the resumption of VIP aircraft conversion work to counteract this. [28] [29] During 2019, the company announced that was planning to relocate its headquarters from its historic home at Cambridge Airport over the coming decade, although it noted there was value in relocating to a nearby location, such as Cranfield Airport, Duxford Aerodrome and RAF Wyton. [30]

Bangladesh Air Force C-130J modified by Marshall ADG Bangladesh Air Force C-130J (cropped).jpg
Bangladesh Air Force C-130J modified by Marshall ADG

Marshall carried out depth maintenance and modified C-130J Super Hercules fleet of Bangladesh Air Force before delivered to Bangladesh. [31] Those were ex RAF aircraft. Marshall also signed a multi-year multi-million-pound support contract for the C-130J fleet. [32]

Activities

Marshall's headquarters is located on an 800-acre site in Cambridge, UK. The group operates worldwide in the fields of aerospace, military land systems and fleet management; the company also cooperated with 67 franchised automotive dealerships across the UK by 2012. [22] [33]

Marshall Aerospace has been involved with all levels of aircraft maintenance, modification and conversion for more than seventy years. The company has the authorisation and experience to work on a range of aircraft from Cessna Citations to Boeing 747s in civil use, and Lockheed C-130 Hercules and Lockheed L-1011 TriStars for the military. Marshall Aerospace carries out maintenance from routine daily maintenance to a full aircraft depot level checks. All forms of conversions, re-configurations, modifications and repairs can be designed and implemented by Marshall Aerospace. The company's commercial aircraft hangar can house a range of different aircraft, for example, one Boeing 747-400, one McDonnell Douglas MD-11 and two Airbus A320s.[ clarification needed ] Marshall also has other hangar space that can hold up to 12 C-130s at a time. Amongst the various facilities it has, the firm possesses the largest quiet test building in Europe. [34]

The company has a long history of rapid response to customers, an example being the complete repaint of a Tristar at Cambridge on 16 January 1991; it was repainted in "desert colours" overnight and flown back to the Gulf for operations on 17 January 1991, the first full day of Operation Desert Storm. During the 2010s, Marshall Aerospace opened a new main paint bay, which it claimed to be one of the largest in Europe, being big enough to accommodate an entire Boeing 747. [35]

Besides aerospace, Marshall operates other divisions in a diverse range of fields. Marshall Group Properties owns Cambridge City Airport, where the company has its main base, and a large portion of the land surrounding it. Over the years, it has embarked on various development projects to expand the airport's facilities and build thousands of homes nearby. [36] The airport itself has been owned and operated by the company since 1937. [37]

Planned relocation

In May 2019, Marshall announced that Cambridge City Airport would be closed to all traffic by 2030 at the latest. The Group plans to redevelop the airport site for around 12,000 homes and 5 million sq ft (0.46 million m2) of business premises. [38] In May 2019, the Group announced that it was deciding between three potential airfields for its continuing operations: Duxford Aerodrome, RAF Wyton in Cambridgeshire, or Cranfield Airport in Bedfordshire. [38] In January 2020 the Group ruled out moving to Duxford due to incompatibility between the defence requirements of the Group and the requirements of the local traffic. [39]

On 6 October 2020, Cranfield University and MADG announced that they had signed an option agreement for the potential relocation of Marshall Aerospace to Cranfield Airport. [40] A spokesperson for MADG cautioned that "it is important to note that the signing of the option agreement does not represent a final decision". [40] In October 2021, the Group announced that it had decided in favour of the Cranfield option and that "it will leave its current base at Cambridge Airport by 2030". [3] Outline planning permission for the development at Cranfield was granted in April 2023. [41]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lockheed C-130 Hercules</span> American military transport aircraft

The Lockheed C-130 Hercules is an American four-engine turboprop military transport aircraft designed and built by Lockheed. Capable of using unprepared runways for takeoffs and landings, the C-130 was originally designed as a troop, medevac, and cargo transport aircraft. The versatile airframe has found uses in other roles, including as a gunship (AC-130), for airborne assault, search and rescue, scientific research support, weather reconnaissance, aerial refueling, maritime patrol, and aerial firefighting. It is now the main tactical airlifter for many military forces worldwide. More than 40 variants of the Hercules, including civilian versions marketed as the Lockheed L-100, operate in more than 60 nations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">British Aerospace 146</span> Regional airliner family by British Aerospace, later BAE Systems

The British Aerospace 146 is a short-haul and regional airliner that was manufactured in the United Kingdom by British Aerospace, later part of BAE Systems. Production ran from 1983 until 2001. Avro International Aerospace manufactured an improved version known as the Avro RJ. Production for the Avro RJ version began in 1992. Later on, a further-improved version with new engines, the Avro RJX, was announced in 1997, but only two prototypes and one production aircraft were built before production ceased in 2001. With 387 aircraft produced, the Avro RJ/BAe 146 is the most successful British civil jet airliner program.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rolls-Royce AE 2100</span> Turboprop aircraft engine family

The Rolls-Royce AE 2100 is a turboprop developed by Allison Engine Company, now part of Rolls-Royce North America. The engine was originally known as the GMA 2100, when Allison was a division of former corporate parent General Motors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Safair</span> South African airline

Safair is an airline based at the O.R. Tambo International Airport in Kempton Park, South Africa. It operates one of the world's largest fleets of civil Lockheed L-100 Hercules cargo aircraft.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">No. 40 Squadron RNZAF</span> Military unit

No. 40 Squadron RNZAF is a transport squadron in the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF). Established in June 1943, it remains on active duty.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Titan Airways</span> British charter airline

Titan Airways Limited is a British charter airline based at London Stansted Airport. The carrier specialises in short-notice ACMI and wet lease operations, as well as ad-hoc passenger and cargo charter services to tour operators, corporations, governments, and the sports and entertainment sectors. The company holds a United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority Type A Operating Licence, permitting it to carry passengers, cargo and mail, on aircraft with 20 or more seats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Short Belfast</span> Heavy lift turboprop freighter

The Short Belfast is a heavy lift turboprop freighter that was built by British manufacturer Short Brothers at Belfast. Only 10 aircraft were constructed, all of which entered service with the Royal Air Force (RAF), who operated it under the designation Short Belfast C.1.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cargo aircraft</span> Aircraft configured specifically to transport cargo

A cargo aircraft is a fixed-wing aircraft that is designed or converted for the carriage of cargo rather than passengers. Such aircraft generally feature one or more large doors for loading cargo. Passenger amenities are removed or not installed, although there are usually basic comfort facilities for the crew such as a galley, lavatory, and bunks in larger planes. Freighters may be operated by civil passenger or cargo airlines, by private individuals, or by government agencies of individual countries such as the armed forces.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cambridge City Airport</span> Airport in Cambridgeshire, England, United Kingdom

Cambridge City Airport — previously Marshall Airport Cambridge UK — is a regional airport in Cambridgeshire, England. It is located on the eastern outskirts of Cambridge, south of Newmarket Road and west of the village of Teversham, 1.5 NM from the centre of Cambridge and approximately 50 mi (80 km) from London.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cranfield Airport</span> Airport in Cranfield

Cranfield Airport is an airfield just outside the village of Cranfield, in Bedfordshire, England. It is 7 NM south-west of Bedford and 5.5 NM east of Milton Keynes. It was originally a Second World War aerodrome, RAF Cranfield. It is now used for business aviation, private flights, and for research and development activities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cotswold Airport</span> Civilian airport in Gloucestershire, England

Cotswold Airport is a private general aviation airport, near the village of Kemble in Gloucestershire, England. Located 4.5 NM southwest of Cirencester, it was built as a Royal Air Force (RAF) station and was known as RAF Kemble. The Red Arrows aerobatics team was based there until 1983. Since 2000, it is used for the storage and recycling of retired airliners, as well as flying schools, clubs, and industry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lockheed L-100 Hercules</span> Turboprop transport aircraft

The Lockheed L-100 Hercules is the civilian variant of the prolific C-130 Hercules military transport aircraft made by the Lockheed Corporation. Its first flight occurred in 1964. Longer L-100-20 and L-100-30 versions were developed. L-100 production ended in 1992 with 114 aircraft delivered. An updated variant of the model, LM-100J, completed its first flight in Marietta, Georgia on 25 May 2017, and started production in 2019. L-100 and LM-100J aircraft can be distinguished from the C-130 and C-130J military versions by the absence of side and forward windows underneath the main windshield.

A stick pusher is a device installed in some fixed-wing aircraft to prevent the aircraft from entering an aerodynamic stall. Some large fixed-wing aircraft display poor post-stall handling characteristics or are vulnerable to deep stall. To prevent such an aircraft approaching the stall the aircraft designer may install a hydraulic or electro-mechanical device that pushes forward on the elevator control system whenever the aircraft's angle of attack reaches the predetermined value, and then ceases to push when the angle of attack falls sufficiently. A system for this purpose is known as a stick pusher.

Dan Air Engineering Limited was the maintenance arm of Dan Air Services Limited, itself a subsidiary of Davies and Newman, one of Britain's foremost wholly privately owned, independent ship broking and airline companies during the 1970s and 80s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules</span> Military transport aircraft

The Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules is a four-engine turboprop military transport aircraft. The C-130J is a comprehensive update of the Lockheed C-130 Hercules, with new engines, flight deck, and other systems.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lockheed TriStar (RAF)</span> Three-engined jet airliner used by the RAF

The Lockheed TriStar is a retired air-to-air refuelling tanker and transport aircraft, formerly in service with the Royal Air Force (RAF). All airframes were retro-converted civilian Lockheed L-1011-500 TriStar airliners, previously operated by British Airways and Pan American World Airways, and entered service with the RAF in 1984.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lufthansa Technik</span> German aeronautical company

Lufthansa Technik AG provides worldwide maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) services for aircraft, engines, and components. It is a subsidiary of the Lufthansa Group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cascade Aerospace</span> Canadian aerospace and defence contractor

Cascade Aerospace Inc. of Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada, is a specialty aerospace and defence contractor, focused on providing long-term integrated aircraft support programs for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), military, government and commercial customers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Royal Flight of Oman</span> Military unit

The Royal Flight of Oman (RFO) is the VIP air transport capability embedded within the Sultan of Oman's Royal Household. The Royal Flight is not a military organisation, but rather part of the Diwan of Royal Court Affairs; it is not part of the Royal Guard of Oman.

References

  1. ↑ "Marshall of Cambridge (Holdings) Limited". Companies House. 8 October 2023.
  2. ↑ French, Andy (27 October 2016). "Molly Rose, one of the Spitfire Women, has died aged 95". Oxford Mail . Retrieved 26 February 2018.
  3. 1 2 "Cambridge-based Marshall Aerospace pursuing 'viable and practical' move to Cranfield University". ITV News. 5 October 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  4. ↑ Turner, Clare (8 November 2022). "Marshall Aerospace submits plan for Cranfield move". Bedford Today. Retrieved 8 November 2022. Subject to planning approval, Marshall Aerospace intends to be operational at Cranfield during 2026 and to have vacated its current home at Cambridge Airport by 2027.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "Our Story". Marshall Group. Archived from the original on 31 January 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
  6. ↑ "Marshall Leasing mourns the loss of an amazing founder". Cambridge Network. 29 July 2019.
  7. ↑ "Marshall signs contract with US Government for Kuwait Air Force KC-130J". Cambridge Network. 6 January 2020.
  8. ↑ "Marshall rolls out first Bangladesh Air Force C-130J". Cambridge Network. 23 July 2019.
  9. ↑ Hoyle, Craig (22 January 2013). "PICTURE: Austria's first Hercules enters modernisation programme". Flight International.
  10. ↑ "Marshall signs £9.5m five-year contract with Lockheed Martin". Cambridge Network. 26 February 2020.
  11. ↑ "FARNBOROUGH: Lockheed Martin, Marshall sign C-130 support deal". Flight International. 9 July 2012.
  12. ↑ "Marshall Aerospace to land TriStar deal". Flight International. 20 June 2006.
  13. ↑ "Farewell to Flight Why 2015 must be XH558’s last flying season". Vulcan To The Sky, 25 November 2015.
  14. ↑ AWD sale to put Bedford in Cambridge The Independent
  15. ↑ Marshall is set to use Bedford name Commercial Motor 16 September 1993
  16. ↑ The End for Bedford Commercial Motor 23 June 2011
  17. ↑ "Marshall selection". Flight International. 7 October 1998.
  18. ↑ Warwick, Graham (25 July 2000). "Bombardier expands Marshall Aerospace links to battle backlog". Flight International.
  19. ↑ Hoyle, Craig (15 July 2016). "ANALYSIS: Marshall Aerospace diversification plan pays off". Flight International.
  20. ↑ Kwiatkowski, Mark (24 August 2018). "PICTURE: Project Dolphin surfaces with UAE air force markings". Flight International.
  21. ↑ Hoyle, Craig (14 April 2010). "Marshall Aerospace talks fuel tank inerting with 757, 767 operators". Flight International.
  22. 1 2 "Marshall Group". Marshall Group. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
  23. ↑ Morrison, Murdo (3 May 2012). "Marshall to create aerospace 'centre of excellence' at Cambridge airport". Flight International.
  24. ↑ Sarsfield, Kate (18 July 2012). "Cambridge Airport introduces radical new pricing structure". Flight International.
  25. ↑ Sarsfield, Kate (3 September 2013). "Marshall Aerospace snaps up Beechcraft's European MRO business". Flight International.
  26. ↑ Sarsfield, Kate (11 March 2013). "Marshall snaps up FlairJet and plots global expansion". Flight International.
  27. ↑ Morrison, Murdo (24 June 2014). "ANALYSIS: How Marshall is re-engineering its aerospace business". Flight International.
  28. ↑ Gubisch, Michael (9 October 2013). "Civil push is new tack for Marshall". Flight International.
  29. ↑ Sarsfield, Kate (3 November 2014). "Marshall Aviation Services prepares to offer widebody VIP completions". Flight International.
  30. ↑ O'Keeffe, Niall (15 May 2019). "Marshall Aerospace scouts for new location". Flight International.
  31. ↑ "Marshall rolls out first Bangladesh Air Force C-130J". Marshall. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  32. ↑ "Marshall Aerospace and Defence signs new multi-million-pound support contract for Bangladesh C-130J fleet". Marshall. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  33. ↑ "Marshall Aerospace and Defence". Cambridge Network. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
  34. ↑ "Marshall invests in Europe's largest quiet test building". Cambridge Network. 15 October 2019.
  35. ↑ "Marshall Aerospace and Defence Group equipment upgrade slashes carbon emissions by more than 40 per cent". Cambridge Network. 24 June 2019.
  36. ↑ "Marshall Group Properties". Cambridge Network. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
  37. ↑ "Cambridge International Airport". Cambridge Network. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
  38. 1 2 "Marshall Aerospace plans to leave Cambridge Airport base by 2030". BBC News. 14 May 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  39. ↑ "Marshall Aerospace and Defence Group rules out IWM Duxford as its new home". Cambridge Independent. 22 January 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  40. 1 2 "Cambridge's Marshall Aerospace signs 'option' for Cranfield University move". BBC News. 6 October 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  41. ↑ McCrum, Kirstie (21 April 2023). "Aerospace company to relocate UK HQ to Bedfordshire". bedfordshirelive. Retrieved 27 April 2023.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.