NGC 4410

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NGC 4410
NGC 4410 SDSS.jpg
The interacting pair of galaxies NGC 4410.
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Virgo
Right ascension 12h 26m 28.89s [1]
Declination +09° 01′ 10.03″ [1]
Redshift 0.024197 [1]
Heliocentric radial velocity 7,254 km/s ± 109 [1]
Distance 365 Mly
Apparent magnitude  (V)13.8 (NGC 4410A), 13.6 (NGC 4410B) [2]
Characteristics
Type DBL SYS Sy3 [1]
Size~142,000  ly (43.5  kpc) (estimated) (NGC 4410A), ~250,000  ly (76.7  kpc) (estimated) (NGC 4410B)
Other designations
UGC 7535, MK 1325, MCG 2-32-47, PGC 40694 & PGC 40697

NGC 4410 is a pair of interacting galaxies located in the constellation of Virgo. The redshift of the pair is (z) 0.0241 [1] and it was first discovered by the British astronomer John Herschel in January 1828. It is listed as a member of the Virgo Cluster, but in reality the galaxies lie at a much further distance. [3] The galaxy pair are members of the NGC 4410 group, make up of at least a dozen galaxies, of which a few are found strongly interacting with each other. [4]

Contents

Description

NGC 4410 is made up of two close galaxies undergoing strong gravitational interactions. [5] [6] The first galaxy is NGC 4410A (PGC 40694), classified as a peculiar spiral galaxy of type Sab while NGC 4410B (PGC 40697) is a lenticular galaxy or an elliptical galaxy. [7] [3] [4] [8] The nucleus of NGC 4410A has been categorized as active and it has been described as both a radio galaxy of low luminosity and a LINER galaxy. NGC 4410B has an active galactic nucleus like NGC 4410A and is also a LINER galaxy. [9] [4] There is a ring-like structure in NGC 4410A based on optical imaging, with numerous H II regions present along the ring direction. X-ray emission has been detected. Bright knot features have also been detected, mainly in southeast and northeast directions from its bright central nucleus. [4] Both nuclei of the galaxies are clearly seen, with the nucleus of NGC 4410A being depicted as elongated by 10 arcseconds from southwest to northeast. The star formation of NGC 4410A has been estimated to be 1-4 Mʘ per year. [9]

NGC 4410 imaged by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory NGC 4410 imaged by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory.png
NGC 4410 imaged by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory

The radio structure of NGC 4410A is peculiar. When observed by the Very Large Array (VLA), it is revealed as extended by around four arcseconds, with the presence of optical radio emission in its large region. A single compact component was detected through observations at 6 and 2 centimeters. [10] Other observations also found there are at least two radio lobes depicted as edge-brightened and it has an overall size of around 90 kiloparsecs when seen from east to west direction. The radio spectrum of the source in the central region and the knot feature is flat, but when going towards the south-east part, it becomes steep. [11]

A study published in 2008 found there are complicated structures inside NGC 4410A, with a small prominent H II region that is located southeast from the nucleus and also a tidal arm feature both west and northwest from it. There is also a dust lane present. A spiral arm structure is seen within the radius of the central regions of NGC 4410A by around 4 to 5 arcseconds. Axisymetrical structures are also detected in NGC 4410B from southeast to northwest, which in turn, run through the center. This is suggested to be an edge-on galaxy disc. NGC 4410B also has boxy isothopes. [12]

It is confirmed NGC 4410A and NGC 4410B are merging with each other, that the merger also includes two other galaxies; IC 790 or NGC 4410C (a lenticular galaxy) and NGC 4410D, given there are tidal features and bridges of emission connecting each other. [12] [4] [11] A H I tail feature has been found in a southeast direction from NGC 4410A and NGC 4410B, and is extended by 50 kiloparsecs. The total combined H2 mass for both galaxies has been estimated as 3.9 x 109 Mʘ. [6]

Supernova

One supernova has been observed in NGC 4410: SN 1965A (type unknown, mag. 16) was discovered by Enrique Chavira on 1 January 1965. [13]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "NED Search results for NGC 4410". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2026-01-11.
  2. ↑ "Revised NGC Data for NGC 4410". spider.seds.org. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
  3. 1 2 "New General Catalog Objects: NGC 4400 - 4449". cseligman.com. Retrieved 2026-01-11.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Smith, Beverly J.; Nowak, Michael; Donahue, Megan; Stocke, John (2003-07-09), Chandra Observations of the Interacting NGC 4410 Galaxy Group, arXiv, doi:10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/0307159, arXiv:astro-ph/0307159, retrieved 2026-01-11
  5. ↑ de Vaucouleurs, G.; de Vaucouleurs, A.; Corwin, J. R. (1976). "Second reference catalogue of bright galaxies". Second reference catalogue of bright galaxies. 1976: 0.
  6. 1 2 Smith, Beverly J. (October 2000). "Interstellar Gas in the NGC 4410 Galaxy Group". The Astrophysical Journal. 541 (2): 624–643. doi:10.1086/309448. ISSN   0004-637X.
  7. ↑ Tschöke, D.; Hensler, G.; Junkes, N. (March 1999). "ROSAT X-ray observations of the interacting pair of galaxies NGC 4410: evidence for a central starburst". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 343: 373–384. doi:10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9812245. ISSN   0004-6361.
  8. ↑ Tschöke, D.; Hensler, G.; Junkes, N. (1997). "ROSAT X-ray observations of the interacting pair of galaxies NGC 4410". Astronomische Gesellschaft Abstract Series. 13: 253.
  9. 1 2 Donahue, Megan; Smith, Beverly J.; Stocke, John T. (April 2002). "Star Formation in the radio galaxy NGC 4410A". The Astronomical Journal. 123 (4): 1922–1936. doi:10.1086/339556. ISSN   0004-6256.
  10. ↑ Batuski, David J.; Hanisch, Robert J.; Burns, Jack O. (April 1992). "VLA Observations of Radio Sources in Interacting Galaxy Pairs in Poor Clusters". The Astronomical Journal. 103: 1077. doi:10.1086/116126. ISSN   0004-6256.
  11. 1 2 Hummel, E.; Kotanyi, C. G.; van Gorkom, J. H. (January 1986). "NGC 4410a/b : a strong radio source associated with interacting galaxies". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 155: 161–168. ISSN   0004-6361.
  12. 1 2 Grana, J. A. Pérez; Kemp, S. N.; Katsiyannis, A. C.; Franco-Balderas, A.; Fuente, E. de la; Meaburn, J.; Khosroshahi, H. G. (2008-07-01). "BVRI photometric analysis for the galaxy group NGC 4410". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 485 (2): 435–449. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078119. ISSN   0004-6361.
  13. ↑ "SN 1965A". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 1 January 2026.
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