Newfoundland Station

Last updated
Newfoundland Station
Active1729–1825
Country United Kingdom
Branch Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg Royal Navy
Type Naval formation
Part of Royal Navy
Garrison/HQ Plymouth, Portsmouth, St. John's.

The Newfoundland Station [1] was a formation or command of, first, the Kingdom of Great Britain and, then, of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy. Its official headquarters varied between Portsmouth or Plymouth [2] in England where a squadron of ships would set sail annually each year to protect convoys and the British fishing fleet operating in waters off the Newfoundland coast and would remain for period of approximately six months based at St. John's Harbour. In 1818 the station became a permanent posting headquartered at St John's. It existed from 1729 to 1825.

Contents

History

The Commodore-Governor was both a British Government and a Royal Navy official who was commander-in-chief [3] of the annual fishing convoy which left England each spring, sometimes from Portsmouth and other times from Plymouth, to fish off Newfoundland: the fleet were tasked with protecting the fishing convoys from harm. They were also responsible for administrative and judicial functions, including assisting the fishing admirals in Britain in maintaining admiralty law and order and compiling the annual report on the fish stocks for the British government. From 1729 to 1775 the officer appointed was usually of Commodore rank; however the station's increasing importance after that date led to appointments of more senior flag officers. [4]

The squadron stayed in Newfoundland for approximately four to six months annually. How long they remained depended on the orders they received from the Admiralty, according to the ships' condition. The fleet usually arrived off Newfoundland in July and August, generally returning to England, via the Lisbon Station, towards the end of October. Bypassing the horrendous weather conditions prevalent in the Atlantic at that time of year and escorting the British fishing vessels were important considerations in when the squadron returned. In spite of these problems, the naval administration continued to grow throughout the 18th century. By 1818, the Newfoundland Colony had a sufficiently large permanent population to warrant having a full-time resident governor. The station's responsibilities were merged into the North America Station in 1825 when a full-time civilian governor was appointed. [5]

Commanders

List of Commanders in Chief, Newfoundland Station
RankNameFromUntilNotesRef.
Commodore Henry Osborn 17291730 [4]
Commodore George Clinton 17311731
Commodore Edward Falkingham 17321732
Commodore Robert Muskerry 17331734
Commodore FitzRoy Henry Lee 17351737
Commodore Philip Vanbrugh 17381738
Commodore Henry Medley 17391740
Commodore Thomas Smith 17411741
Commodore John Byng 17421742
Commodore Thomas Smith 17431743
Commodore Charles Hardy 17441744
Commodore Richard Edwards 17451745
Commodore Sir James Douglas 17461746
Commodore Charles Watson 17481748
Commodore George Rodney 17491749
Commodore Francis William Drake 17501752
Commodore Hugh Bonfoy 17531754
Commodore Richard Dorrill 17551756
Commodore Richard Edwards 17571759
Commodore James Webb 17601761Died in post
Commodore Thomas Graves 17611763
Commodore Hugh Palliser 17641768
Commodore John Byron 17691771
Commodore Molyneux Shuldham 17721774
Commodore Robert Duff 17751775
Vice-Admiral John Montagu 17761778Titled Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Newfoundland [4] [6] [1]
Rear-Admiral Richard Edwards 17791781 [4]
Vice-Admiral John Campbell 17821786
Rear-Admiral John Elliot 17861788
Vice-Admiral Mark Milbanke 17891791 [4] [7]
Rear-Admiral Sir Richard King 17921793 [4]
Rear-Admiral Sir James Wallace 17941796
Vice-Admiral William Waldegrave 17971799
Rear-Admiral Charles Pole 18001801
Vice-Admiral James Gambier 18021803
Vice-Admiral Sir Erasmus Gower 18041806 [4] [8]
Vice-Admiral John Holloway 18071809 [4]
Admiral Sir John Duckworth 18101812
Vice-Admiral Sir Richard Keats 18131816
Vice-Admiral Francis Pickmore 18171818Died in post
Captain John Bowker 18181818Temporary
Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Hamilton 18181825

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 Bannister 2003, p. 68.
  2. Malcomson, Thomas (2016). Order and Disorder in the British Navy, 1793-1815: Control, Resistance, Flogging and Hanging. Boydell & Brewer. p. 11. ISBN   9781783271191.
  3. Bannister 2003, p. 64.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Haydn, Joseph (13 Jun 2008). The Book of Dignities: Containing Lists of the Official Personages of the British Empire ... from the Earliest Periods to the Present Time ... Together with the Sovereigns and Rulers of Europe, from the Foundation of Their Respective States; the Peerage of England and Great Britain Original 1851 Digitized by the University of Michigan. Longmans, Brown, Green, and Longmans. p. 279.
  5. Heritage Newfoundland and Labrador. "Naval Governors, 1729-1824". Heritage Newfoundland and Labrador. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
  6. "Montagu, John (1719-1795)".
  7. Marshall, John (2010). Royal Naval Biography: Or, Memoirs of the Services of All the Flag-Officers, Superannuated Rear-Admirals, Retired-Captains, Post-Captains, and Commanders. Cambridge University Press. p. 545. ISBN   9781108022675.
  8. "Biography: GOWER, Sir ERASMUS, naval officer and governor of Newfoundland". Dictionary of Canadian Biography,Volume V (1801-1820), 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2016.

References