{3,3,6} | {6,3,3} | {4,3,6} | {6,3,4} |
{5,3,6} | {6,3,5} | {6,3,6} | {3,6,3} |
{4,4,3} | {3,4,4} | {4,4,4} |
In geometry, uniform honeycombs in hyperbolic space are tessellations of convex uniform polyhedron cells. In 3-dimensional hyperbolic space there are 23 Coxeter group families of paracompact uniform honeycombs, generated as Wythoff constructions, and represented by ring permutations of the Coxeter diagrams for each family. These families can produce uniform honeycombs with infinite or unbounded facets or vertex figure, including ideal vertices at infinity, similar to the hyperbolic uniform tilings in 2-dimensions.
Of the uniform paracompact H3 honeycombs, 11 are regular , meaning that their group of symmetries acts transitively on their flags. These have Schläfli symbol {3,3,6}, {6,3,3}, {3,4,4}, {4,4,3}, {3,6,3}, {4,3,6}, {6,3,4}, {4,4,4}, {5,3,6}, {6,3,5}, and {6,3,6}, and are shown below. Four have finite Ideal polyhedral cells: {3,3,6}, {4,3,6}, {3,4,4}, and {5,3,6}.
11 paracompact regular honeycombs | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
{6,3,3} | {6,3,4} | {6,3,5} | {6,3,6} | {4,4,3} | {4,4,4} | ||||||
{3,3,6} | {4,3,6} | {5,3,6} | {3,6,3} | {3,4,4} |
Name | Schläfli Symbol {p,q,r} | Coxeter | Cell type {p,q} | Face type {p} | Edge figure {r} | Vertex figure {q,r} | Dual | Coxeter group |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Order-6 tetrahedral honeycomb | {3,3,6} | {3,3} | {3} | {6} | {3,6} | {6,3,3} | [6,3,3] | |
Hexagonal tiling honeycomb | {6,3,3} | {6,3} | {6} | {3} | {3,3} | {3,3,6} | ||
Order-4 octahedral honeycomb | {3,4,4} | {3,4} | {3} | {4} | {4,4} | {4,4,3} | [4,4,3] | |
Square tiling honeycomb | {4,4,3} | {4,4} | {4} | {3} | {4,3} | {3,4,4} | ||
Triangular tiling honeycomb | {3,6,3} | {3,6} | {3} | {3} | {6,3} | Self-dual | [3,6,3] | |
Order-6 cubic honeycomb | {4,3,6} | {4,3} | {4} | {4} | {3,6} | {6,3,4} | [6,3,4] | |
Order-4 hexagonal tiling honeycomb | {6,3,4} | {6,3} | {6} | {4} | {3,4} | {4,3,6} | ||
Order-4 square tiling honeycomb | {4,4,4} | {4,4} | {4} | {4} | {4,4} | Self-dual | [4,4,4] | |
Order-6 dodecahedral honeycomb | {5,3,6} | {5,3} | {5} | {5} | {3,6} | {6,3,5} | [6,3,5] | |
Order-5 hexagonal tiling honeycomb | {6,3,5} | {6,3} | {6} | {5} | {3,5} | {5,3,6} | ||
Order-6 hexagonal tiling honeycomb | {6,3,6} | {6,3} | {6} | {6} | {3,6} | Self-dual | [6,3,6] |
These graphs show subgroup relations of paracompact hyperbolic Coxeter groups. Order 2 subgroups represent bisecting a Goursat tetrahedron with a plane of mirror symmetry. |
This is a complete enumeration of the 151 unique Wythoffian paracompact uniform honeycombs generated from tetrahedral fundamental domains (rank 4 paracompact coxeter groups). The honeycombs are indexed here for cross-referencing duplicate forms, with brackets around the nonprimary constructions.
The alternations are listed, but are either repeats or don't generate uniform solutions. Single-hole alternations represent a mirror removal operation. If an end-node is removed, another simplex (tetrahedral) family is generated. If a hole has two branches, a Vinberg polytope is generated, although only Vinberg polytope with mirror symmetry are related to the simplex groups, and their uniform honeycombs have not been systematically explored. These nonsimplectic (pyramidal) Coxeter groups are not enumerated on this page, except as special cases of half groups of the tetrahedral ones. Seven uniform honeycombs that arise here as alternations have been numbered 152 to 158, after the 151 Wythoffian forms not requiring alternation for their construction.
Coxeter group | Simplex volume | Commutator subgroup | Unique honeycomb count | |
---|---|---|---|---|
[6,3,3] | 0.0422892336 | [1+,6,(3,3)+] = [3,3[3]]+ | 15 | |
[4,4,3] | 0.0763304662 | [1+,4,1+,4,3+] | 15 | |
[3,3[3]] | 0.0845784672 | [3,3[3]]+ | 4 | |
[6,3,4] | 0.1057230840 | [1+,6,3+,4,1+] = [3[]x[]]+ | 15 | |
[3,41,1] | 0.1526609324 | [3+,41+,1+] | 4 | |
[3,6,3] | 0.1691569344 | [3+,6,3+] | 8 | |
[6,3,5] | 0.1715016613 | [1+,6,(3,5)+] = [5,3[3]]+ | 15 | |
[6,31,1] | 0.2114461680 | [1+,6,(31,1)+] = [3[]x[]]+ | 4 | |
[4,3[3]] | 0.2114461680 | [1+,4,3[3]]+ = [3[]x[]]+ | 4 | |
[4,4,4] | 0.2289913985 | [4+,4+,4+]+ | 6 | |
[6,3,6] | 0.2537354016 | [1+,6,3+,6,1+] = [3[3,3]]+ | 8 | |
[(4,4,3,3)] | 0.3053218647 | [(4,1+,4,(3,3)+)] | 4 | |
[5,3[3]] | 0.3430033226 | [5,3[3]]+ | 4 | |
[(6,3,3,3)] | 0.3641071004 | [(6,3,3,3)]+ | 9 | |
[3[]x[]] | 0.4228923360 | [3[]x[]]+ | 1 | |
[41,1,1] | 0.4579827971 | [1+,41+,1+,1+] | 0 | |
[6,3[3]] | 0.5074708032 | [1+,6,3[3]] = [3[3,3]]+ | 2 | |
[(6,3,4,3)] | 0.5258402692 | [(6,3+,4,3+)] | 9 | |
[(4,4,4,3)] | 0.5562821156 | [(4,1+,4,1+,4,3+)] | 9 | |
[(6,3,5,3)] | 0.6729858045 | [(6,3,5,3)]+ | 9 | |
[(6,3,6,3)] | 0.8457846720 | [(6,3+,6,3+)] | 5 | |
[(4,4,4,4)] | 0.9159655942 | [(4+,4+,4+,4+)] | 1 | |
[3[3,3]] | 1.014916064 | [3[3,3]]+ | 0 |
The complete list of nonsimplectic (non-tetrahedral) paracompact Coxeter groups was published by P. Tumarkin in 2003. [1] The smallest paracompact form in H3 can be represented by or , or [∞,3,3,∞] which can be constructed by a mirror removal of paracompact hyperbolic group [3,4,4] as [3,4,1+,4] : = . The doubled fundamental domain changes from a tetrahedron into a quadrilateral pyramid. Another pyramid is or , constructed as [4,4,1+,4] = [∞,4,4,∞] : = .
Removing a mirror from some of the cyclic hyperbolic Coxeter graphs become bow-tie graphs: [(3,3,4,1+,4)] = [((3,∞,3)),((3,∞,3))] or , [(3,4,4,1+,4)] = [((4,∞,3)),((3,∞,4))] or , [(4,4,4,1+,4)] = [((4,∞,4)),((4,∞,4))] or . = , = , = .
Another nonsimplectic half groups is ↔ .
A radical nonsimplectic subgroup is ↔ , which can be doubled into a triangular prism domain as ↔ .
Dimension | Rank | Graphs |
---|---|---|
H3 | 5 | | | | | |
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram: Schläfli symbol | Cells by location (and count around each vertex) | Vertex figure | Picture | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Alt | ||||
[137] | alternated hexagonal (ahexah) ( ↔ ) = | - | - | (4) (3.3.3.3.3.3) | (4) (3.3.3) | (3.6.6) | ||
[138] | cantic hexagonal (tahexah) ↔ | (1) (3.3.3.3) | - | (2) (3.6.3.6) | (2) (3.6.6) | |||
[139] | runcic hexagonal (birahexah) ↔ | (1) (4.4.4) | (1) (4.4.3) | (1) (3.3.3.3.3.3) | (3) (3.4.3.4) | |||
[140] | runcicantic hexagonal (bitahexah) ↔ | (1) (3.6.6) | (1) (4.4.3) | (1) (3.6.3.6) | (2) (4.6.6) | |||
Nonuniform | snub rectified order-6 tetrahedral ↔ sr{3,3,6} | Irr. (3.3.3) | ||||||
Nonuniform | cantic snub order-6 tetrahedral sr3{3,3,6} | |||||||
Nonuniform | omnisnub order-6 tetrahedral ht0,1,2,3{6,3,3} | Irr. (3.3.3) |
There are 15 forms, generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group: [6,3,4] or
# | Name of honeycomb Coxeter diagram Schläfli symbol | Cells by location and count per vertex | Vertex figure | Picture | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||
16 | (Regular) order-4 hexagonal (shexah) {6,3,4} | - | - | - | (8) (6.6.6) | (3.3.3.3) | |
17 | rectified order-4 hexagonal (rishexah) t1{6,3,4} or r{6,3,4} | (2) (3.3.3.3) | - | - | (4) (3.6.3.6) | (4.4.4) | |
18 | rectified order-6 cubic (rihach) t1{4,3,6} or r{4,3,6} | (6) (3.4.3.4) | - | - | (2) (3.3.3.3.3.3) | (6.4.4) | |
19 | order-6 cubic (hachon) {4,3,6} | (20) (4.4.4) | - | - | - | (3.3.3.3.3.3) | |
20 | truncated order-4 hexagonal (tishexah) t0,1{6,3,4} or t{6,3,4} | (1) (3.3.3.3) | - | - | (4) (3.12.12) | ||
21 | bitruncated order-6 cubic (chexah) t1,2{6,3,4} or 2t{6,3,4} | (2) (4.6.6) | - | - | (2) (6.6.6) | ||
22 | truncated order-6 cubic (thach) t0,1{4,3,6} or t{4,3,6} | (6) (3.8.8) | - | - | (1) (3.3.3.3.3.3) | ||
23 | cantellated order-4 hexagonal (srishexah) t0,2{6,3,4} or rr{6,3,4} | (1) (3.4.3.4) | (2) (4.4.4) | - | (2) (3.4.6.4) | ||
24 | cantellated order-6 cubic (srihach) t0,2{4,3,6} or rr{4,3,6} | (2) (3.4.4.4) | - | (2) (4.4.6) | (1) (3.6.3.6) | ||
25 | runcinated order-6 cubic (sidpichexah) t0,3{6,3,4} | (1) (4.4.4) | (3) (4.4.4) | (3) (4.4.6) | (1) (6.6.6) | ||
26 | cantitruncated order-4 hexagonal (grishexah) t0,1,2{6,3,4} or tr{6,3,4} | (1) (4.6.6) | (1) (4.4.4) | - | (2) (4.6.12) | ||
27 | cantitruncated order-6 cubic (grihach) t0,1,2{4,3,6} or tr{4,3,6} | (2) (4.6.8) | - | (1) (4.4.6) | (1) (6.6.6) | ||
28 | runcitruncated order-4 hexagonal (prihach) t0,1,3{6,3,4} | (1) (3.4.4.4) | (1) (4.4.4) | (2) (4.4.12) | (1) (3.12.12) | ||
29 | runcitruncated order-6 cubic (prishexah) t0,1,3{4,3,6} | (1) (3.8.8) | (2) (4.4.8) | (1) (4.4.6) | (1) (3.4.6.4) | ||
30 | omnitruncated order-6 cubic (gidpichexah) t0,1,2,3{6,3,4} | (1) (4.6.8) | (1) (4.4.8) | (1) (4.4.12) | (1) (4.6.12) |
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram Schläfli symbol | Cells by location (and count around each vertex) | Vertex figure | Picture | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Alt | ||||
[145] | alternated order-5 hexagonal (aphexah) ↔ h{6,3,5} | - | - | - | (20) (3)6 | (12) (3)5 | (5.6.6) | |
[146] | cantic order-5 hexagonal (taphexah) ↔ h2{6,3,5} | (1) (3.5.3.5) | - | (2) (3.6.3.6) | (2) (5.6.6) | |||
[147] | runcic order-5 hexagonal (biraphexah) ↔ h3{6,3,5} | (1) (5.5.5) | (1) (4.4.3) | (1) (3.3.3.3.3.3) | (3) (3.4.5.4) | |||
[148] | runcicantic order-5 hexagonal (bitaphexah) ↔ h2,3{6,3,5} | (1) (3.10.10) | (1) (4.4.3) | (1) (3.6.3.6) | (2) (4.6.10) | |||
Nonuniform | snub rectified order-6 dodecahedral ↔ sr{5,3,6} | (3.3.5.3.5) | - | (3.3.3.3) | (3.3.3.3.3.3) | irr. tet | ||
Nonuniform | omnisnub order-5 hexagonal ht0,1,2,3{6,3,5} | (3.3.5.3.5) | (3.3.3.5) | (3.3.3.6) | (3.3.6.3.6) | irr. tet |
There are 9 forms, generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group: [6,3,6] or
There are 9 forms, generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group: [3,6,3] or
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram and Schläfli symbol | Cell counts/vertex and positions in honeycomb | Vertex figure | Picture | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||
54 | triangular (trah) {3,6,3} | - | - | - | (∞) {3,6} | {6,3} | |
55 | rectified triangular (ritrah) t1{3,6,3} or r{3,6,3} | (2) (6)3 | - | - | (3) (3.6)2 | (3.4.4) | |
56 | cantellated triangular (sritrah) t0,2{3,6,3} or rr{3,6,3} | (1) (3.6)2 | (2) (4.4.3) | - | (2) (3.6.4.6) | ||
57 | runcinated triangular (spidditrah) t0,3{3,6,3} | (1) (3)6 | (6) (4.4.3) | (6) (4.4.3) | (1) (3)6 | ||
58 | bitruncated triangular (ditrah) t1,2{3,6,3} or 2t{3,6,3} | (2) (3.12.12) | - | - | (2) (3.12.12) | ||
59 | cantitruncated triangular (gritrah) t0,1,2{3,6,3} or tr{3,6,3} | (1) (3.12.12) | (1) (4.4.3) | - | (2) (4.6.12) | ||
60 | runcitruncated triangular (pritrah) t0,1,3{3,6,3} | (1) (3.6.4.6) | (1) (4.4.3) | (2) (4.4.6) | (1) (6)3 | ||
61 | omnitruncated triangular (gipidditrah) t0,1,2,3{3,6,3} | (1) (4.6.12) | (1) (4.4.6) | (1) (4.4.6) | (1) (4.6.12) | ||
[1] | truncated triangular (hexah) ↔ ↔ t0,1{3,6,3} or t{3,6,3} = {6,3,3} | (1) (6)3 | - | - | (3) (6)3 | {3,3} |
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram and Schläfli symbol | Cell counts/vertex and positions in honeycomb | Vertex figure | Picture | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Alt | ||||
[56] | cantellated triangular (sritrah) = s2{3,6,3} | (1) (3.6)2 | - | - | (2) (3.6.4.6) | (3.4.4) | ||
[60] | runcitruncated triangular (pritrah) = s2,3{3,6,3} | (1) (6)3 | - | (1) (4.4.3) | (1) (3.6.4.6) | (2) (4.4.6) | ||
[137] | alternated hexagonal (ahexah) ( ↔ ) = ( ↔ ) s{3,6,3} | (3)6 | - | - | (3)6 | +(3)3 | (3.6.6) | |
Scaliform | runcisnub triangular (pristrah) s3{3,6,3} | r{6,3} | - | (3.4.4) | (3)6 | tricup | ||
Nonuniform | omnisnub triangular tiling honeycomb (snatrah) ht0,1,2,3{3,6,3} | (3.3.3.3.6) | (3)4 | (3)4 | (3.3.3.3.6) | +(3)3 |
There are 15 forms, generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group: [4,4,3] or
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram and Schläfli symbol | Cell counts/vertex and positions in honeycomb | Vertex figure | Picture | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||
62 | square (squah) = {4,4,3} | - | - | - | (6) | Cube | |
63 | rectified square (risquah) = t1{4,4,3} or r{4,4,3} | (2) | - | - | (3) | Triangular prism | |
64 | rectified order-4 octahedral (rocth) t1{3,4,4} or r{3,4,4} | (4) | - | - | (2) | ||
65 | order-4 octahedral (octh) {3,4,4} | (∞) | - | - | - | ||
66 | truncated square (tisquah) = t0,1{4,4,3} or t{4,4,3} | (1) | - | - | (3) | ||
67 | truncated order-4 octahedral (tocth) t0,1{3,4,4} or t{3,4,4} | (4) | - | - | (1) | ||
68 | bitruncated square (osquah) t1,2{4,4,3} or 2t{4,4,3} | (2) | - | - | (2) | ||
69 | cantellated square (srisquah) t0,2{4,4,3} or rr{4,4,3} | (1) | (2) | - | (2) | ||
70 | cantellated order-4 octahedral (srocth) t0,2{3,4,4} or rr{3,4,4} | (2) | - | (2) | (1) | ||
71 | runcinated square (sidposquah) t0,3{4,4,3} | (1) | (3) | (3) | (1) | ||
72 | cantitruncated square (grisquah) t0,1,2{4,4,3} or tr{4,4,3} | (1) | (1) | - | (2) | ||
73 | cantitruncated order-4 octahedral (grocth) t0,1,2{3,4,4} or tr{3,4,4} | (2) | - | (1) | (1) | ||
74 | runcitruncated square (procth) t0,1,3{4,4,3} | (1) | (1) | (2) | (1) | ||
75 | runcitruncated order-4 octahedral (prisquah) t0,1,3{3,4,4} | (1) | (2) | (1) | (1) | ||
76 | omnitruncated square (gidposquah) t0,1,2,3{4,4,3} | (1) | (1) | (1) | (1) |
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram and Schläfli symbol | Cell counts/vertex and positions in honeycomb | Vertex figure | Picture | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Alt | ||||
[83] | alternated square ↔ h{4,4,3} | - | - | - | (6) | (8) | ||
[84] | cantic square ↔ h2{4,4,3} | (1) | - | - | (2) | (2) | ||
[85] | runcic square ↔ h3{4,4,3} | (1) | - | - | (1) . | (4) | ||
[86] | runcicantic square ↔ | (1) | - | - | (1) | (2) | ||
[153] | alternated rectified square ↔ hr{4,4,3} | - | - | {}x{3} | ||||
157 | - | - | {}x{6} | |||||
Scaliform | snub order-4 octahedral = = s{3,4,4} | - | - | {}v{4} | ||||
Scaliform | runcisnub order-4 octahedral s3{3,4,4} | cup-4 | ||||||
152 | snub square = s{4,4,3} | - | - | {3,3} | ||||
Nonuniform | snub rectified order-4 octahedral sr{3,4,4} | - | irr. {3,3} | |||||
Nonuniform | alternated runcitruncated square ht0,1,3{3,4,4} | irr. {}v{4} | ||||||
Nonuniform | omnisnub square ht0,1,2,3{4,4,3} | irr. {3,3} |
There are 9 forms, generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group: [4,4,4] or .
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram and Schläfli symbol | Cell counts/vertex and positions in honeycomb | Symmetry | Vertex figure | Picture | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |||||
77 | order-4 square (sisquah) {4,4,4} | - | - | - | [4,4,4] | Cube | ||
78 | truncated order-4 square (tissish) t0,1{4,4,4} or t{4,4,4} | - | - | [4,4,4] | ||||
79 | bitruncated order-4 square (dish) t1,2{4,4,4} or 2t{4,4,4} | - | - | [[4,4,4]] | ||||
80 | runcinated order-4 square (spiddish) t0,3{4,4,4} | [[4,4,4]] | ||||||
81 | runcitruncated order-4 square (prissish) t0,1,3{4,4,4} | [4,4,4] | ||||||
82 | omnitruncated order-4 square (gipiddish) t0,1,2,3{4,4,4} | [[4,4,4]] | ||||||
[62] | square (squah) ↔ t1{4,4,4} or r{4,4,4} | - | - | [4,4,4] | Square tiling | |||
[63] | rectified square (risquah) ↔ t0,2{4,4,4} or rr{4,4,4} | - | [4,4,4] | |||||
[66] | truncated order-4 square (tisquah) ↔ t0,1,2{4,4,4} or tr{4,4,4} | - | [4,4,4] |
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram and Schläfli symbol | Cell counts/vertex and positions in honeycomb | Symmetry | Vertex figure | Picture | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Alt | |||||
[62] | Square (squah) ( ↔ ↔ ↔ ) = | (4.4.4.4) | - | - | (4.4.4.4) | [1+,4,4,4] =[4,4,4] | |||
[63] | rectified square (risquah) = s2{4,4,4} | - | [4+,4,4] | ||||||
[77] | order-4 square (sisquah) ↔ ↔ ↔ | - | - | - | [1+,4,4,4] =[4,4,4] | Cube | |||
[78] | truncated order-4 square (tissish) ↔ ↔ ↔ | (4.8.8) | - | (4.8.8) | - | (4.4.4.4) | [1+,4,4,4] =[4,4,4] | ||
[79] | bitruncated order-4 square (dish) ↔ ↔ ↔ | (4.8.8) | - | - | (4.8.8) | (4.8.8) | [1+,4,4,4] =[4,4,4] | ||
[81] | runcitruncated order-4 square tiling (prissish) = s2,3{4,4,4} | [4,4,4] | |||||||
[83] | alternated square ( ↔ ) ↔ hr{4,4,4} | - | - | [4,1+,4,4] | (4.3.4.3) | ||||
[104] | quarter order-4 square ↔ q{4,4,4} | [[1+,4,4,4,1+]] =[[4[4]]] | |||||||
153 | alternated rectified square tiling ↔ ↔ hrr{4,4,4} | - | [((2+,4,4)),4] | ||||||
154 | alternated runcinated order-4 square tiling ht0,3{4,4,4} | [[(4,4,4,2+)]] | |||||||
Scaliform | snub order-4 square tiling s{4,4,4} | - | - | [4+,4,4] | |||||
Nonuniform | runcic snub order-4 square tiling s3{4,4,4} | [4+,4,4] | |||||||
Nonuniform | bisnub order-4 square tiling 2s{4,4,4} | - | - | [[4,4+,4]] | |||||
[152] | snub square tiling ↔ sr{4,4,4} | - | [(4,4)+,4] | ||||||
Nonuniform | alternated runcitruncated order-4 square tiling ht0,1,3{4,4,4} | [((2,4)+,4,4)] | |||||||
Nonuniform | omnisnub order-4 square tiling ht0,1,2,3{4,4,4} | [[4,4,4]]+ |
There are 11 forms (of which only 4 are not shared with the [4,4,3] family), generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group:
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram | Cells by location (and count around each vertex) | Vertex figure | Picture | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 0' | 3 | ||||
83 | alternated square ↔ | - | - | (4.4.4) | (4.4.4.4) | (4.3.4.3) | |
84 | cantic square ↔ | (3.4.3.4) | - | (3.8.8) | (4.8.8) | ||
85 | runcic square ↔ | (4.4.4.4) | - | (3.4.4.4) | (4.4.4.4) | ||
86 | runcicantic square ↔ | (4.6.6) | - | (3.4.4.4) | (4.8.8) | ||
[63] | rectified square (risquah) ↔ | (4.4.4) | - | (4.4.4) | (4.4.4.4) | ||
[64] | rectified order-4 octahedral (rocth) ↔ | (3.4.3.4) | - | (3.4.3.4) | (4.4.4.4) | ||
[65] | order-4 octahedral (octh) ↔ | (4.4.4.4) | - | (4.4.4.4) | - | ||
[67] | truncated order-4 octahedral (tocth) ↔ | (4.6.6) | - | (4.6.6) | (4.4.4.4) | ||
[68] | bitruncated square (osquah) ↔ | (3.8.8) | - | (3.8.8) | (4.8.8) | ||
[70] | cantellated order-4 octahedral (srocth) ↔ | (3.4.4.4) | (4.4.4) | (3.4.4.4) | (4.4.4.4) | ||
[73] | cantitruncated order-4 octahedral (grocth) ↔ | (4.6.8) | (4.4.4) | (4.6.8) | (4.8.8) |
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram | Cells by location (and count around each vertex) | Vertex figure | Picture | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 0' | 3 | Alt | ||||
Scaliform | snub order-4 octahedral = = s{3,41,1} | - | - | irr. {}v{4} | ||||
Nonuniform | snub rectified order-4 octahedral ↔ sr{3,41,1} | (3.3.3.3.4) | (3.3.3) | (3.3.3.3.4) | (3.3.4.3.4) | +(3.3.3) |
There are 7 forms, (all shared with [4,4,4] family), generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group:
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram | Cells by location | Vertex figure | Picture | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 0' | 3 | ||||
[62] | Square (squah) ( ↔ ) = | (4.4.4.4) | - | (4.4.4.4) | (4.4.4.4) | ||
[62] | Square (squah) ( ↔ ) = | (4.4.4.4) | - | (4.4.4.4) | (4.4.4.4) | ||
[63] | rectified square (risquah) ( ↔ ) = | (4.4.4.4) | (4.4.4) | (4.4.4.4) | (4.4.4.4) | ||
[66] | truncated square (tisquah) ( ↔ ) = | (4.8.8) | (4.4.4) | (4.8.8) | (4.8.8) | ||
[77] | order-4 square (sisquah) ↔ | (4.4.4.4) | - | (4.4.4.4) | - | ||
[78] | truncated order-4 square (tissish) ↔ | (4.8.8) | - | (4.8.8) | (4.4.4.4) | ||
[79] | bitruncated order-4 square (dish) ↔ | (4.8.8) | - | (4.8.8) | (4.8.8) |
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram | Cells by location (and count around each vertex) | Vertex figure | Picture | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 0' | 3 | Alt | ||||
[77] | order-4 square (sisquah) ( ↔ ↔ ) = | - | - | Cube | ||||
[78] | truncated order-4 square (tissish) ( ↔ ) = ( ↔ ) | |||||||
[83] | Alternated square ↔ | - | ||||||
Scaliform | Snub order-4 square | - | ||||||
Nonuniform | - | |||||||
Nonuniform | - | |||||||
[153] | ( ↔ ) = ( ↔ ) | |||||||
Nonuniform | Snub square ↔ ↔ | (3.3.4.3.4) | (3.3.3) | (3.3.4.3.4) | (3.3.4.3.4) | +(3.3.3) |
There are 11 forms (and only 4 not shared with [6,3,4] family), generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group: [6,31,1] or .
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram | Cells by location (and count around each vertex) | Vertex figure | Picture | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 0' | 3 | Alt | ||||
[141] | alternated order-4 hexagonal (ashexah) ↔ ↔ ↔ | (4.6.6) | ||||||
Nonuniform | bisnub order-4 hexagonal ↔ | |||||||
Nonuniform | snub rectified order-4 hexagonal ↔ | (3.3.3.3.6) | (3.3.3) | (3.3.3.3.6) | (3.3.3.3.3) | +(3.3.3) |
There are 11 forms, 4 unique to this family, generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group: , with ↔ .
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram | Cells by location | Vertex figure | Picture | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||
91 | tetrahedral-square | - | (6) (444) | (8) (333) | (12) (3434) | (3444) | |
92 | cyclotruncated square-tetrahedral | (444) | (488) | (333) | (388) | ||
93 | cyclotruncated tetrahedral-square | (1) (3333) | (1) (444) | (4) (366) | (4) (466) | ||
94 | truncated tetrahedral-square | (1) (3444) | (1) (488) | (1) (366) | (2) (468) | ||
[64] | ( ↔ ) = rectified order-4 octahedral (rocth) | (3434) | (4444) | (3434) | (3434) | ||
[65] | ( ↔ ) = order-4 octahedral (octh) | (3333) | - | (3333) | (3333) | ||
[67] | ( ↔ ) = truncated order-4 octahedral (tocth) | (466) | (4444) | (3434) | (466) | ||
[83] | alternated square ( ↔ ) = | (444) | (4444) | - | (444) | (4.3.4.3) | |
[84] | cantic square ( ↔ ) = | (388) | (488) | (3434) | (388) | ||
[85] | runcic square ( ↔ ) = | (3444) | (3434) | (3333) | (3444) | ||
[86] | runcicantic square ( ↔ ) = | (468) | (488) | (466) | (468) |
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram | Cells by location | Vertex figure | Picture | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Alt | ||||
Scaliform | snub order-4 octahedral = = | - | - | irr. {}v{4} | ||||
Nonuniform | ||||||||
155 | alternated tetrahedral-square ↔ | r{4,3} |
There are 9 forms, generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group: .
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram | Cells by location (and count around each vertex) | Vertex figure | Picture | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||
95 | cubic-square | (8) (4.4.4) | - | (6) (4.4.4.4) | (12) (4.4.4.4) | (3.4.4.4) | |
96 | octahedral-square | (3.4.3.4) | (3.3.3.3) | - | (4.4.4.4) | (4.4.4.4) | |
97 | cyclotruncated cubic-square | (4) (3.8.8) | (1) (3.3.3.3) | (1) (4.4.4.4) | (4) (4.8.8) | ||
98 | cyclotruncated square-cubic | (1) (4.4.4) | (1) (4.4.4) | (3) (4.8.8) | (3) (4.8.8) | ||
99 | cyclotruncated octahedral-square | (4) (4.6.6) | (4) (4.6.6) | (1) (4.4.4.4) | (1) (4.4.4.4) | ||
100 | rectified cubic-square | (1) (3.4.3.4) | (2) (3.4.4.4) | (1) (4.4.4.4) | (2) (4.4.4.4) | ||
101 | truncated cubic-square | (1) (4.8.8) | (1) (3.4.4.4) | (2) (4.8.8) | (1) (4.8.8) | ||
102 | truncated octahedral-square | (2) (4.6.8 | (1) (4.6.6) | (1) (4.4.4.4) | (1) (4.8.8) | ||
103 | omnitruncated octahedral-square | (1) (4.6.8) | (1) (4.6.8) | (1) (4.8.8) | (1) (4.8.8) |
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram | Cells by location (and count around each vertex) | Vertex figure | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Alt | |||
156 | alternated cubic-square ↔ | - | | | | (3.4.4.4) | |
Nonuniform | snub octahedral-square | | | | | ||
Nonuniform | cyclosnub square-cubic | | | | | ||
Nonuniform | cyclosnub octahedral-square | | | | | ||
Nonuniform | omnisnub cubic-square | (3.3.3.3.4) | (3.3.3.3.4) | (3.3.4.3.4) | (3.3.4.3.4) | +(3.3.3) |
There are 5 forms, 1 unique, generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group: . Repeat constructions are related as: ↔ , ↔ , and ↔ .
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram | Cells by location (and count around each vertex) | Vertex figure | Picture | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||
104 | quarter order-4 square ↔ | (4.8.8) | (4.4.4.4) | (4.4.4.4) | (4.8.8) | ||
[62] | square (squah) ↔ ↔ | (4.4.4.4) | (4.4.4.4) | (4.4.4.4) | (4.4.4.4) | ||
[77] | order-4 square (sisquah) ( ↔ ) = | (4.4.4.4) | - | (4.4.4.4) | (4.4.4.4) | (4.4.4.4) | |
[78] | truncated order-4 square (tissish) ( ↔ ) = | (4.8.8) | (4.4.4.4) | (4.8.8) | (4.8.8) | ||
[79] | bitruncated order-4 square (dish) ↔ | (4.8.8) | (4.8.8) | (4.8.8) | (4.8.8) |
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram | Cells by location (and count around each vertex) | Vertex figure | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Alt | |||
[83] | alternated square ( ↔ ↔ ) = | (6) (4.4.4.4) | (6) (4.4.4.4) | (6) (4.4.4.4) | (6) (4.4.4.4) | (8) (4.4.4) | (4.3.4.3) |
[77] | alternated order-4 square (sisquah) ↔ | - | |||||
158 | cantic order-4 square ↔ | ||||||
Nonuniform | cyclosnub square | ||||||
Nonuniform | snub order-4 square | ||||||
Nonuniform | bisnub order-4 square ↔ | (3.3.4.3.4) | (3.3.4.3.4) | (3.3.4.3.4) | (3.3.4.3.4) | +(3.3.3) |
There are 9 forms, generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group: .
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram | Cells by location (and count around each vertex) | Vertex figure | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |||
105 | tetrahedral-hexagonal | (4) (3.3.3) | - | (4) (6.6.6) | (6) (3.6.3.6) | (3.4.3.4) |
106 | tetrahedral-triangular | (3.3.3.3) | (3.3.3) | - | (3.3.3.3.3.3) | (3.4.6.4) |
107 | cyclotruncated tetrahedral-hexagonal | (3) (3.6.6) | (1) (3.3.3) | (1) (6.6.6) | (3) (6.6.6) | |
108 | cyclotruncated hexagonal-tetrahedral | (1) (3.3.3) | (1) (3.3.3) | (4) (3.12.12) | (4) (3.12.12) | |
109 | cyclotruncated tetrahedral-triangular | (6) (3.6.6) | (6) (3.6.6) | (1) (3.3.3.3.3.3) | (1) (3.3.3.3.3.3) | |
110 | rectified tetrahedral-hexagonal | (1) (3.3.3.3) | (2) (3.4.3.4) | (1) (3.6.3.6) | (2) (3.4.6.4) | |
111 | truncated tetrahedral-hexagonal | (1) (3.6.6) | (1) (3.4.3.4) | (1) (3.12.12) | (2) (4.6.12) | |
112 | truncated tetrahedral-triangular | (2) (4.6.6) | (1) (3.6.6) | (1) (3.4.6.4) | (1) (6.6.6) | |
113 | omnitruncated tetrahedral-hexagonal | (1) (4.6.6) | (1) (4.6.6) | (1) (4.6.12) | (1) (4.6.12) |
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram | Cells by location (and count around each vertex) | Vertex figure | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Alt | |||
Nonuniform | omnisnub tetrahedral-hexagonal | (3.3.3.3.3) | (3.3.3.3.3) | (3.3.3.3.6) | (3.3.3.3.6) | +(3.3.3) |
There are 9 forms, generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group:
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram | Cells by location (and count around each vertex) | Vertex figure | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |||
114 | octahedral-hexagonal | (6) (3.3.3.3) | - | (8) (6.6.6) | (12) (3.6.3.6) | |
115 | cubic-triangular | (∞) (3.4.3.4) | (∞) (4.4.4) | - | (∞) (3.3.3.3.3.3) | (3.4.6.4) |
116 | cyclotruncated octahedral-hexagonal | (3) (4.6.6) | (1) (4.4.4) | (1) (6.6.6) | (3) (6.6.6) | |
117 | cyclotruncated hexagonal-octahedral | (1) (3.3.3.3) | (1) (3.3.3.3) | (4) (3.12.12) | (4) (3.12.12) | |
118 | cyclotruncated cubic-triangular | (6) (3.8.8) | (6) (3.8.8) | (1) (3.3.3.3.3.3) | (1) (3.3.3.3.3.3) | |
119 | rectified octahedral-hexagonal | (1) (3.4.3.4) | (2) (3.4.4.4) | (1) (3.6.3.6) | (2) (3.4.6.4) | |
120 | truncated octahedral-hexagonal | (1) (4.6.6) | (1) (3.4.4.4) | (1) (3.12.12) | (2) (4.6.12) | |
121 | truncated cubic-triangular | (2) (4.6.8) | (1) (3.8.8) | (1) (3.4.6.4) | (1) (6.6.6) | |
122 | omnitruncated octahedral-hexagonal | (1) (4.6.8) | (1) (4.6.8) | (1) (4.6.12) | (1) (4.6.12) |
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram | Cells by location (and count around each vertex) | Vertex figure | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Alt | |||
Nonuniform | cyclosnub octahedral-hexagonal | (3.3.3.3.3) | (3.3.3) | (3.3.3.3.3.3) | (3.3.3.3.3.3) | irr. {3,4} | |
Nonuniform | omnisnub octahedral-hexagonal | (3.3.3.3.4) | (3.3.3.3.4) | (3.3.3.3.6) | (3.3.3.3.6) | irr. {3,3} |
There are 9 forms, generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group:
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram | Cells by location (and count around each vertex) | Vertex figure | Picture | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||
123 | icosahedral-hexagonal | (6) (3.3.3.3.3) | - | (8) (6.6.6) | (12) (3.6.3.6) | 3.4.5.4 | |
124 | dodecahedral-triangular | (30) (3.5.3.5) | (20) (5.5.5) | - | (12) (3.3.3.3.3.3) | (3.4.6.4) | |
125 | cyclotruncated icosahedral-hexagonal | (3) (5.6.6) | (1) (5.5.5) | (1) (6.6.6) | (3) (6.6.6) | ||
126 | cyclotruncated hexagonal-icosahedral | (1) (3.3.3.3.3) | (1) (3.3.3.3.3) | (5) (3.12.12) | (5) (3.12.12) | ||
127 | cyclotruncated dodecahedral-triangular | (6) (3.10.10) | (6) (3.10.10) | (1) (3.3.3.3.3.3) | (1) (3.3.3.3.3.3) | ||
128 | rectified icosahedral-hexagonal | (1) (3.5.3.5) | (2) (3.4.5.4) | (1) (3.6.3.6) | (2) (3.4.6.4) | ||
129 | truncated icosahedral-hexagonal | (1) (5.6.6) | (1) (3.5.5.5) | (1) (3.12.12) | (2) (4.6.12) | ||
130 | truncated dodecahedral-triangular | (2) (4.6.10) | (1) (3.10.10) | (1) (3.4.6.4) | (1) (6.6.6) | ||
131 | omnitruncated icosahedral-hexagonal | (1) (4.6.10) | (1) (4.6.10) | (1) (4.6.12) | (1) (4.6.12) |
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram | Cells by location (and count around each vertex) | Vertex figure | Picture | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Alt | ||||
Nonuniform | omnisnub icosahedral-hexagonal | (3.3.3.3.5) | (3.3.3.3.5) | (3.3.3.3.6) | (3.3.3.3.6) | +(3.3.3) |
There are 6 forms, generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group: .
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram | Cells by location (and count around each vertex) | Vertex figure | Picture | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||
132 | hexagonal-triangular | (3.3.3.3.3.3) | - | (6.6.6) | (3.6.3.6) | (3.4.6.4) | |
133 | cyclotruncated hexagonal-triangular | (1) (3.3.3.3.3.3) | (1) (3.3.3.3.3.3) | (3) (3.12.12) | (3) (3.12.12) | ||
134 | cyclotruncated triangular-hexagonal | (1) (3.6.3.6) | (2) (3.4.6.4) | (1) (3.6.3.6) | (2) (3.4.6.4) | ||
135 | rectified hexagonal-triangular | (1) (6.6.6) | (1) (3.4.6.4) | (1) (3.12.12) | (2) (4.6.12) | ||
136 | truncated hexagonal-triangular | (1) (4.6.12) | (1) (4.6.12) | (1) (4.6.12) | (1) (4.6.12) | ||
[16] | order-4 hexagonal tiling (shexah) = | (3) (6.6.6) | (1) (6.6.6) | (1) (6.6.6) | (3) (6.6.6) | (3.3.3.3) |
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram | Cells by location (and count around each vertex) | Vertex figure | Picture | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Alt | ||||
[141] | alternated order-4 hexagonal (ashexah) ↔ ↔ ↔ | (3.3.3.3.3.3) | (3.3.3.3.3.3) | (3.3.3.3.3.3) | (3.3.3.3.3.3) | +(3.3.3.3) | (4.6.6) | |
Nonuniform | cyclocantisnub hexagonal-triangular | |||||||
Nonuniform | cycloruncicantisnub hexagonal-triangular | |||||||
Nonuniform | snub rectified hexagonal-triangular | (3.3.3.3.6) | (3.3.3.3.6) | (3.3.3.3.6) | (3.3.3.3.6) | +(3.3.3) |
There are 11 forms, 4 unique, generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group: [3,3[3]] or . 7 are half symmetry forms of [3,3,6]: ↔ .
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram | Cells by location (and count around each vertex) | vertex figure | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 0' | 3 | Alt | |||
Nonuniform | snub rectified order-6 tetrahedral ↔ | (3.3.3.3.3) | (3.3.3.3) | (3.3.3.3.3) | (3.3.3.3.3.3) | +(3.3.3) |
There are 11 forms, 4 unique, generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group: [4,3[3]] or . 7 are half symmetry forms of [4,3,6]: ↔ .
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram | Cells by location (and count around each vertex) | vertex figure | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 0' | 3 | Alt | |||
Nonuniform | snub rectified order-4 hexagonal ↔ | (3.3.3.3.4) | (3.3.3.3) | (3.3.3.3.4) | (3.3.3.3.3.3) | +(3.3.3) |
There are 11 forms, 4 unique, generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group: [5,3[3]] or . 7 are half symmetry forms of [5,3,6]: ↔ .
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram | Cells by location (and count around each vertex) | vertex figure | Picture | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 0' | 3 | Alt | ||||
Nonuniform | snub rectified order-5 hexagonal ↔ | (3.3.3.3.5) | (3.3.3) | (3.3.3.3.5) | (3.3.3.3.3.3) | +(3.3.3) |
There are 11 forms, 4 unique, generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group: [6,3[3]] or . 7 are half symmetry forms of [6,3,6]: ↔ .
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram | Cells by location (and count around each vertex) | vertex figure | Picture | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 0' | 3 | Alt | ||||
[54] | triangular tiling honeycomb (trah) ( ↔ ↔ ) = | | - | | - | (6.6.6) | ||
[137] | alternated hexagonal (ahexah) ( ↔ ) = ( ↔ ) | | - | | | +(3.6.6) | (3.6.6) | |
[47] | rectified order-6 hexagonal (rihihexah) ↔ ↔ ↔ | (3.6.3.6) | - | (3.6.3.6) | (3.3.3.3.3.3) | |||
[55] | cantic order-6 hexagonal (ritrah) ( ↔ ) = ( ↔ ) = | (1) (3.6.3.6) | - | (2) (6.6.6) | (2) (3.6.3.6) | |||
Nonuniform | snub rectified order-6 hexagonal ↔ | (3.3.3.3.6) | (3.3.3.3) | (3.3.3.3.6) | (3.3.3.3.3.3) | +(3.3.3) |
There are 8 forms, 1 unique, generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group: . Two are duplicated as ↔ , two as ↔ , and three as ↔ .
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram | Cells by location (and count around each vertex) | Vertex figure | Picture | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||
151 | Quarter order-4 hexagonal (quishexah) ↔ | ||||||
[17] | rectified order-4 hexagonal (rishexah) ↔ ↔ ↔ | (4.4.4) | |||||
[18] | rectified order-6 cubic (rihach) ↔ ↔ ↔ | (6.4.4) | |||||
[21] | bitruncated order-6 cubic (chexah) ↔ ↔ ↔ | ||||||
[87] | alternated order-6 cubic (ahach) ↔ ↔ | - | (3.6.3.6) | ||||
[88] | cantic order-6 cubic (tachach) ↔ ↔ | ||||||
[141] | alternated order-4 hexagonal (ashexah) ↔ ↔ | - | (4.6.6) | ||||
[142] | cantic order-4 hexagonal (tashexah) ↔ ↔ |
# | Honeycomb name Coxeter diagram | Cells by location (and count around each vertex) | Vertex figure | Picture | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Alt | ||||
Nonuniform | bisnub order-6 cubic ↔ | | | | | irr. {3,3} |
There are 4 forms, 0 unique, generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group: . They are repeated in four families: ↔ (index 2 subgroup), ↔ (index 4 subgroup), ↔ (index 6 subgroup), and ↔ (index 24 subgroup).
# | Name Coxeter diagram | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | vertex figure | Picture |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[1] | hexagonal (hexah) ↔ | | | | | {3,3} | |
[47] | rectified order-6 hexagonal (rihihexah) ↔ | | | | | t{2,3} | |
[54] | triangular tiling honeycomb (trah) ( ↔ ) = | | - | | | t{3[3]} | |
[55] | rectified triangular (ritrah) ↔ | | | | | t{2,3} |
# | Name Coxeter diagram | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Alt | vertex figure | Picture |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[137] | alternated hexagonal (ahexah) ( ↔ ) = | s{3[3]} | s{3[3]} | s{3[3]} | s{3[3]} | {3,3} | (4.6.6) |
Group | Extended symmetry | Honeycombs | Chiral extended symmetry | Alternation honeycombs | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[4,4,3] | [4,4,3] | 15 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [1+,4,1+,4,3+] | (6) | | |
[4,4,3]+ | (1) | |||||
[4,4,4] | [4,4,4] | 3 | | | [1+,4,1+,4,1+,4,1+] | (3) | |
[4,4,4] ↔ | (3) | | | [1+,4,1+,4,1+,4,1+] | (3) | ||
[2+[4,4,4]] | 3 | | | | [2+[(4,4+,4,2+)]] | (2) | ||
[2+[4,4,4]]+ | (1) | |||||
[6,3,3] | [6,3,3] | 15 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [1+,6,(3,3)+] | (2) | (↔ ) |
[6,3,3]+ | (1) | |||||
[6,3,4] | [6,3,4] | 15 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [1+,6,3+,4,1+] | (6) | | |
[6,3,4]+ | (1) | |||||
[6,3,5] | [6,3,5] | 15 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [1+,6,(3,5)+] | (2) | (↔ ) |
[6,3,5]+ | (1) | |||||
[3,6,3] | [3,6,3] | 5 | | | | | |||
[3,6,3] ↔ | (1) | [2+[3+,6,3+]] | (1) | |||
[2+[3,6,3]] | 3 | | | [2+[3,6,3]]+ | (1) | ||
[6,3,6] | [6,3,6] | 6 | | | | | [1+,6,3+,6,1+] | (2) | (↔ ) |
[2+[6,3,6]] ↔ | (1) | [2+[(6,3+,6,2+)]] | (2) | |||
[2+[6,3,6]] | 2 | | | ||||
[2+[6,3,6]]+ | (1) |
Group | Extended symmetry | Honeycombs | Chiral extended symmetry | Alternation honeycombs | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[6,31,1] | [6,31,1] | 4 | | | | |||
[1[6,31,1]]=[6,3,4] ↔ | (7) | | | | | | | | [1[1+,6,31,1]]+ | (2) | (↔ ) | |
[1[6,31,1]]+=[6,3,4]+ | (1) | |||||
[3,41,1] | [3,41,1] | 4 | | | | [3+,41,1]+ | (2) | ↔ |
[1[3,41,1]]=[3,4,4] ↔ | (7) | | | | | | | | [1[3+,41,1]]+ | (2) | ||
[1[3,41,1]]+ | (1) | |||||
[41,1,1] | [41,1,1] | 0 | (none) | |||
[1[41,1,1]]=[4,4,4] ↔ | (4) | | | | [1[1+,4,1+,41,1]]+=[(4,1+,4,1+,4,2+)] | (4) | | | |
[3[41,1,1]]=[4,4,3] ↔ | (3) | | | | [3[1+,41,1,1]]+=[1+,4,1+,4,3+] | (2) | (↔ ) | |
[3[41,1,1]]+=[4,4,3]+ | (1) |
Group | Extended symmetry | Honeycombs | Chiral extended symmetry | Alternation honeycombs | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[(4,4,4,3)] | [(4,4,4,3)] | 6 | | | | | | [(4,1+,4,1+,4,3+)] | (2) | ↔ |
[2+[(4,4,4,3)]] | 3 | | | | [2+[(4,4+,4,3+)]] | (2) | ||
[2+[(4,4,4,3)]]+ | (1) | |||||
[4[4]] | [4[4]] | (none) | ||||
[2+[4[4]]] | 1 | [2+[(4+,4)[2]]] | (1) | |||
[1[4[4]]]=[4,41,1] ↔ | (2) | [(1+,4)[4]] | (2) | ↔ | ||
[2[4[4]]]=[4,4,4] ↔ | (1) | [2+[(1+,4,4)[2]]] | (1) | |||
[(2+,4)[4[4]]]=[2+[4,4,4]] = | (1) | [(2+,4)[4[4]]]+ = [2+[4,4,4]]+ | (1) | |||
[(6,3,3,3)] | [(6,3,3,3)] | 6 | | | | | | |||
[2+[(6,3,3,3)]] | 3 | | | [2+[(6,3,3,3)]]+ | (1) | ||
[(3,4,3,6)] | [(3,4,3,6)] | 6 | | | | | | [(3+,4,3+,6)] | (1) | |
[2+[(3,4,3,6)]] | 3 | | | [2+[(3,4,3,6)]]+ | (1) | ||
[(3,5,3,6)] | [(3,5,3,6)] | 6 | | | | | | |||
[2+[(3,5,3,6)]] | 3 | | | [2+[(3,5,3,6)]]+ | (1) | ||
[(3,6)[2]] | [(3,6)[2]] | 2 | ||||
[2+[(3,6)[2]]] | 1 | |||||
[2+[(3,6)[2]]] | 1 | |||||
[2+[(3,6)[2]]] = | (1) | [2+[(3+,6)[2]]] | (1) | |||
[(2,2)+[(3,6)[2]]] | 1 | [(2,2)+[(3,6)[2]]]+ | (1) |
Group | Extended symmetry | Honeycombs | Chiral extended symmetry | Alternation honeycombs | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[(3,3,4,4)] | [(3,3,4,4)] | 4 | | | | |||
[1[(4,4,3,3)]]=[3,41,1] ↔ | (7) | | | | | | | | [1[(3,3,4,1+,4)]]+ = [3+,41,1]+ | (2) | (= ) | |
[1[(3,3,4,4)]]+ = [3,41,1]+ | (1) | |||||
[3[ ]x[ ]] | [3[ ]x[ ]] | 1 | ||||
[1[3[ ]x[ ]]]=[6,31,1] ↔ | (2) | |||||
[1[3[ ]x[ ]]]=[4,3[3]] ↔ | (2) | |||||
[2[3[ ]x[ ]]]=[6,3,4] ↔ | (3) | | | [2[3[ ]x[ ]]]+ =[6,3,4]+ | (1) | ||
[3[3,3]] | [3[3,3]] | 0 | (none) | |||
[1[3[3,3]]]=[6,3[3]] ↔ | 0 | (none) | ||||
[3[3[3,3]]]=[3,6,3] ↔ | (2) | |||||
[2[3[3,3]]]=[6,3,6] ↔ | (1) | |||||
[(3,3)[3[3,3]]]=[6,3,3] = | (1) | [(3,3)[3[3,3]]]+ = [6,3,3]+ | (1) |
Symmetry in these graphs can be doubled by adding a mirror: [1[n,3[3]]] = [n,3,6]. Therefore ring-symmetry graphs are repeated in the linear graph families.
Group | Extended symmetry | Honeycombs | Chiral extended symmetry | Alternation honeycombs | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[3,3[3]] | [3,3[3]] | 4 | | | | |||
[1[3,3[3]]]=[3,3,6] ↔ | (7) | | | | | | | [1[3,3[3]]]+ = [3,3,6]+ | (1) | ||
[4,3[3]] | [4,3[3]] | 4 | | | | |||
[1[4,3[3]]]=[4,3,6] ↔ | (7) | | | | | | | | [1+,4,(3[3])+] | (2) | ↔ | |
[4,3[3]]+ | (1) | |||||
[5,3[3]] | [5,3[3]] | 4 | | | | |||
[1[5,3[3]]]=[5,3,6] ↔ | (7) | | | | | | | [1[5,3[3]]]+ = [5,3,6]+ | (1) | ||
[6,3[3]] | [6,3[3]] | 2 | ||||
[6,3[3]] = | (2) | ( = ) | ||||
[(3,3)[1+,6,3[3]]]=[6,3,3] ↔ ↔ | (1) | [(3,3)[1+,6,3[3]]]+ | (1) | |||
[1[6,3[3]]]=[6,3,6] ↔ | (6) | | | | | | | [3[1+,6,3[3]]]+ = [3,6,3]+ | (1) | ↔ (= ) | |
[1[6,3[3]]]+ = [6,3,6]+ | (1) |
In geometry, a Coxeter–Dynkin diagram is a graph with numerically labeled edges representing a Coxeter group or sometimes a uniform polytope or uniform tiling constructed from the group.
In eight-dimensional geometry, an eight-dimensional polytope or 8-polytope is a polytope contained by 7-polytope facets. Each 6-polytope ridge being shared by exactly two 7-polytope facets.
In seven-dimensional geometry, a 7-polytope is a polytope contained by 6-polytope facets. Each 5-polytope ridge being shared by exactly two 6-polytope facets.
In nine-dimensional geometry, a nine-dimensional polytope or 9-polytope is a polytope contained by 8-polytope facets. Each 7-polytope ridge being shared by exactly two 8-polytope facets.
In geometry, a uniform 5-polytope is a five-dimensional uniform polytope. By definition, a uniform 5-polytope is vertex-transitive and constructed from uniform 4-polytope facets.
In mathematics, a regular 4-polytope or regular polychoron is a regular four-dimensional polytope. They are the four-dimensional analogues of the regular polyhedra in three dimensions and the regular polygons in two dimensions.
In hyperbolic geometry, a uniform honeycomb in hyperbolic space is a uniform tessellation of uniform polyhedral cells. In 3-dimensional hyperbolic space there are nine Coxeter group families of compact convex uniform honeycombs, generated as Wythoff constructions, and represented by permutations of rings of the Coxeter diagrams for each family.
In geometry, a Goursat tetrahedron is a tetrahedral fundamental domain of a Wythoff construction. Each tetrahedral face represents a reflection hyperplane on 3-dimensional surfaces: the 3-sphere, Euclidean 3-space, and hyperbolic 3-space. Coxeter named them after Édouard Goursat who first looked into these domains. It is an extension of the theory of Schwarz triangles for Wythoff constructions on the sphere.
In the field of hyperbolic geometry, the hexagonal tiling honeycomb is one of 11 regular paracompact honeycombs in 3-dimensional hyperbolic space. It is paracompact because it has cells composed of an infinite number of faces. Each cell is a hexagonal tiling whose vertices lie on a horosphere, a surface in hyperbolic space that approaches a single ideal point at infinity.
In hyperbolic 3-space, the order-6 tetrahedral honeycomb is a paracompact regular space-filling tessellation. It is paracompact because it has vertex figures composed of an infinite number of faces, and has all vertices as ideal points at infinity. With Schläfli symbol {3,3,6}, the order-6 tetrahedral honeycomb has six ideal tetrahedra around each edge. All vertices are ideal, with infinitely many tetrahedra existing around each vertex in a triangular tiling vertex figure.
In the field of hyperbolic geometry, the order-4 hexagonal tiling honeycomb arises as one of 11 regular paracompact honeycombs in 3-dimensional hyperbolic space. It is paracompact because it has cells composed of an infinite number of faces. Each cell is a hexagonal tiling whose vertices lie on a horosphere: a flat plane in hyperbolic space that approaches a single ideal point at infinity.
The order-6 cubic honeycomb is a paracompact regular space-filling tessellation in hyperbolic 3-space. It is paracompact because it has vertex figures composed of an infinite number of facets, with all vertices as ideal points at infinity. With Schläfli symbol {4,3,6}, the honeycomb has six ideal cubes meeting along each edge. Its vertex figure is an infinite triangular tiling. Its dual is the order-4 hexagonal tiling honeycomb.
In the field of hyperbolic geometry, the order-5 hexagonal tiling honeycomb arises as one of 11 regular paracompact honeycombs in 3-dimensional hyperbolic space. It is paracompact because it has cells composed of an infinite number of faces. Each cell consists of a hexagonal tiling whose vertices lie on a horosphere, a flat plane in hyperbolic space that approaches a single ideal point at infinity.
In the field of hyperbolic geometry, the order-6 hexagonal tiling honeycomb is one of 11 regular paracompact honeycombs in 3-dimensional hyperbolic space. It is paracompact because it has cells with an infinite number of faces. Each cell is a hexagonal tiling whose vertices lie on a horosphere: a flat plane in hyperbolic space that approaches a single ideal point at infinity.
The triangular tiling honeycomb is one of 11 paracompact regular space-filling tessellations in hyperbolic 3-space. It is called paracompact because it has infinite cells and vertex figures, with all vertices as ideal points at infinity. It has Schläfli symbol {3,6,3}, being composed of triangular tiling cells. Each edge of the honeycomb is surrounded by three cells, and each vertex is ideal with infinitely many cells meeting there. Its vertex figure is a hexagonal tiling.
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the square tiling honeycomb is one of 11 paracompact regular honeycombs. It is called paracompact because it has infinite cells, whose vertices exist on horospheres and converge to a single ideal point at infinity. Given by Schläfli symbol {4,4,3}, it has three square tilings, {4,4}, around each edge, and six square tilings around each vertex, in a cubic {4,3} vertex figure.
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-4 square tiling honeycomb is one of 11 paracompact regular honeycombs. It is paracompact because it has infinite cells and vertex figures, with all vertices as ideal points at infinity. Given by Schläfli symbol {4,4,4}, it has four square tilings around each edge, and infinite square tilings around each vertex in a square tiling vertex figure.
The order-4 octahedral honeycomb is a regular paracompact honeycomb in hyperbolic 3-space. It is paracompact because it has infinite vertex figures, with all vertices as ideal points at infinity. Given by Schläfli symbol {3,4,4}, it has four ideal octahedra around each edge, and infinite octahedra around each vertex in a square tiling vertex figure.
In three-dimensional hyperbolic geometry, the alternated hexagonal tiling honeycomb, h{6,3,3}, or , is a semiregular tessellation with tetrahedron and triangular tiling cells arranged in an octahedron vertex figure. It is named after its construction, as an alteration of a hexagonal tiling honeycomb.