Truncated hexagonal tiling

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Truncated hexagonal tiling
Tiling truncated 6 simple.svg
Type Semiregular tiling
Vertex configuration Tiling truncated 6 vertfig.svg
3.12.12
Schläfli symbol t{6,3}
Wythoff symbol 2 3 | 6
Coxeter diagram CDel node 1.pngCDel 6.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node.png
Symmetry p6m, [6,3], (*632)
Rotation symmetry p6, [6,3]+, (632)
Bowers acronymToxat
Dual Triakis triangular tiling
Properties Vertex-transitive

In geometry, the truncated hexagonal tiling is a semiregular tiling of the Euclidean plane. There are 2 dodecagons (12-sides) and one triangle on each vertex.

Contents

As the name implies this tiling is constructed by a truncation operation applies to a hexagonal tiling, leaving dodecagons in place of the original hexagons, and new triangles at the original vertex locations. It is given an extended Schläfli symbol of t{6,3}.

Conway calls it a truncated hextille, constructed as a truncation operation applied to a hexagonal tiling (hextille).

There are 3 regular and 8 semiregular tilings in the plane.

Uniform colorings

There is only one uniform coloring of a truncated hexagonal tiling. (Naming the colors by indices around a vertex: 122.)

Uniform polyhedron-63-t01.png

Topologically identical tilings

The dodecagonal faces can be distorted into different geometries, such as:

Truncated hexagonal tiling0.png Gyrated truncated hexagonal tiling.png
Gyrated truncated hexagonal tiling3.png Gyrated truncated hexagonal tiling2.png
A truncated hexagonal tiling can be contracted in one dimension, reducing dodecagons into decagons. Contracting in second direction reduces decagons into octagons. Contracting a third time make the trihexagonal tiling. Contracted truncated hexagonal tilings.png
A truncated hexagonal tiling can be contracted in one dimension, reducing dodecagons into decagons. Contracting in second direction reduces decagons into octagons. Contracting a third time make the trihexagonal tiling.

Wythoff constructions from hexagonal and triangular tilings

Like the uniform polyhedra there are eight uniform tilings that can be based from the regular hexagonal tiling (or the dual triangular tiling).

Drawing the tiles colored as red on the original faces, yellow at the original vertices, and blue along the original edges, there are 8 forms, 7 which are topologically distinct. (The truncated triangular tiling is topologically identical to the hexagonal tiling.)

Uniform hexagonal/triangular tilings
Fundamental
domains
Symmetry: [6,3], (*632)[6,3]+, (632)
{6,3} t{6,3} r{6,3} t{3,6} {3,6} rr{6,3} tr{6,3} sr{6,3}
CDel node 1.pngCDel 6.pngCDel node.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 6.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node.pngCDel node.pngCDel 6.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node.pngCDel node.pngCDel 6.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel node.pngCDel 6.pngCDel node.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 6.pngCDel node.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 6.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel node h.pngCDel 6.pngCDel node h.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node h.png
Tiling Dual Semiregular V4-6-12 Bisected Hexagonal.svg Uniform tiling 63-t0.svg Uniform tiling 63-t01.svg Uniform tiling 63-t1.svg Uniform tiling 63-t12.svg Uniform tiling 63-t2.svg Uniform tiling 63-t02.png Uniform tiling 63-t012.svg Uniform tiling 63-snub.png
Config. 633.12.12(6.3)26.6.6363.4.6.44.6.123.3.3.3.6

Symmetry mutations

This tiling is topologically related as a part of sequence of uniform truncated polyhedra with vertex configurations (3.2n.2n), and [n,3] Coxeter group symmetry.

*n32 symmetry mutation of truncated tilings: t{n,3}
Symmetry
*n32
[n,3]
Spherical Euclid. Compact hyperb.Paraco.Noncompact hyperbolic
*232
[2,3]
*332
[3,3]
*432
[4,3]
*532
[5,3]
*632
[6,3]
*732
[7,3]
*832
[8,3]...
*32
[,3]
[12i,3][9i,3][6i,3]
Truncated
figures
Spherical triangular prism.svg Uniform tiling 332-t01-1-.png Uniform tiling 432-t01.png Uniform tiling 532-t01.png Uniform tiling 63-t01.svg Truncated heptagonal tiling.svg H2-8-3-trunc-dual.svg H2 tiling 23i-3.png H2 tiling 23j12-3.png H2 tiling 23j9-3.png H2 tiling 23j6-3.png
Symbol t{2,3} t{3,3} t{4,3} t{5,3} t{6,3} t{7,3} t{8,3} t{,3} t{12i,3}t{9i,3}t{6i,3}
Triakis
figures
Spherical trigonal bipyramid.svg Spherical triakis tetrahedron.svg Spherical triakis octahedron.svg Spherical triakis icosahedron.svg Tiling Dual Semiregular V3-12-12 Triakis Triangular.svg Order-7 triakis triangular tiling.svg H2-8-3-kis-primal.svg Ord-infin triakis triang til.png
Config. V3.4.4 V3.6.6 V3.8.8 V3.10.10 V3.12.12 V3.14.14 V3.16.16V3.∞.∞

Two 2-uniform tilings are related by dissected the dodecagons into a central hexagonal and 6 surrounding triangles and squares. [1] [2]

1-uniformDissection2-uniform dissections
1-uniform n4.svg
(3.122)
Regular dodecagon.svg Hexagonal cupola flat.svg 2-uniform n8.svg
(3.4.6.4) & (33.42)
2-uniform n9.svg
(3.4.6.4) & (32.4.3.4)
Dual Tilings
1-Uniform O.png

O

Inset Variations of Dual Uniform Tiling.svg O Inset to DB.gif

to DB

O Inset to DC.gif

to DC

Circle packing

The truncated hexagonal tiling can be used as a circle packing, placing equal diameter circles at the center of every point. [3] Every circle is in contact with 3 other circles in the packing (kissing number). This is the lowest density packing that can be created from a uniform tiling.

1-uniform-4-circlepack.svg

Triakis triangular tiling

Triakis triangular tiling
Tiling truncated 6 dual simple.svg
Type Dual semiregular tiling
Faces triangle
Coxeter diagram CDel node.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node f1.pngCDel 6.pngCDel node f1.png
Symmetry group p6m, [6,3], (*632)
Rotation group p6, [6,3]+, (632)
Dual polyhedron Truncated hexagonal tiling
Face configuration V3.12.12
Tiling truncated 6 dual face.svg
Properties face-transitive
On painted porcelain, China Wallpaper group-p6m-6.jpg
On painted porcelain, China

The triakis triangular tiling is a tiling of the Euclidean plane. It is an equilateral triangular tiling with each triangle divided into three obtuse triangles (angles 30-30-120) from the center point. It is labeled by face configuration V3.12.12 because each isosceles triangle face has two types of vertices: one with 3 triangles, and two with 12 triangles.

Conway calls it a kisdeltille, [4] constructed as a kis operation applied to a triangular tiling (deltille).

In Japan the pattern is called asanoha for hemp leaf, although the name also applies to other triakis shapes like the triakis icosahedron and triakis octahedron. [5]

It is the dual tessellation of the truncated hexagonal tiling which has one triangle and two dodecagons at each vertex. [6]

P4 dual.png

It is one of eight edge tessellations, tessellations generated by reflections across each edge of a prototile. [7]

It is one of 7 dual uniform tilings in hexagonal symmetry, including the regular duals.

Dual uniform hexagonal/triangular tilings
Symmetry: [6,3], (*632)[6,3]+, (632)
Uniform tiling 63-t2.svg Tiling Dual Semiregular V3-12-12 Triakis Triangular.svg Rhombic star tiling.png Uniform tiling 63-t0.svg Tiling Dual Semiregular V3-4-6-4 Deltoidal Trihexagonal.svg Tiling Dual Semiregular V4-6-12 Bisected Hexagonal.svg Tiling Dual Semiregular V3-3-3-3-6 Floret Pentagonal.svg
V63 V3.122 V(3.6)2 V36 V3.4.6.4 V.4.6.12 V34.6

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hexagonal tiling</span> Regular tiling of a two-dimensional space

In geometry, the hexagonal tiling or hexagonal tessellation is a regular tiling of the Euclidean plane, in which exactly three hexagons meet at each vertex. It has Schläfli symbol of {6,3} or t{3,6} .

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Square tiling</span> Regular tiling of the Euclidean plane

In geometry, the square tiling, square tessellation or square grid is a regular tiling of the Euclidean plane. It has Schläfli symbol of {4,4}, meaning it has 4 squares around every vertex. Conway called it a quadrille.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Triangular tiling</span> Regular tiling of the plane

In geometry, the triangular tiling or triangular tessellation is one of the three regular tilings of the Euclidean plane, and is the only such tiling where the constituent shapes are not parallelogons. Because the internal angle of the equilateral triangle is 60 degrees, six triangles at a point occupy a full 360 degrees. The triangular tiling has Schläfli symbol of {3,6}.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Truncated trihexagonal tiling</span>

In geometry, the truncated trihexagonal tiling is one of eight semiregular tilings of the Euclidean plane. There are one square, one hexagon, and one dodecagon on each vertex. It has Schläfli symbol of tr{3,6}.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Truncated square tiling</span>

In geometry, the truncated square tiling is a semiregular tiling by regular polygons of the Euclidean plane with one square and two octagons on each vertex. This is the only edge-to-edge tiling by regular convex polygons which contains an octagon. It has Schläfli symbol of t{4,4}.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rhombitrihexagonal tiling</span> Semiregular tiling of the Euclidean plane

In geometry, the rhombitrihexagonal tiling is a semiregular tiling of the Euclidean plane. There are one triangle, two squares, and one hexagon on each vertex. It has Schläfli symbol of rr{3,6}.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trihexagonal tiling</span> Tiling of the plane by regular hexagons and equilateral triangles

In geometry, the trihexagonal tiling is one of 11 uniform tilings of the Euclidean plane by regular polygons. It consists of equilateral triangles and regular hexagons, arranged so that each hexagon is surrounded by triangles and vice versa. The name derives from the fact that it combines a regular hexagonal tiling and a regular triangular tiling. Two hexagons and two triangles alternate around each vertex, and its edges form an infinite arrangement of lines. Its dual is the rhombille tiling.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Snub trihexagonal tiling</span>

In geometry, the snub hexagonal tiling is a semiregular tiling of the Euclidean plane. There are four triangles and one hexagon on each vertex. It has Schläfli symbol sr{3,6}. The snub tetrahexagonal tiling is a related hyperbolic tiling with Schläfli symbol sr{4,6}.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elongated triangular tiling</span>

In geometry, the elongated triangular tiling is a semiregular tiling of the Euclidean plane. There are three triangles and two squares on each vertex. It is named as a triangular tiling elongated by rows of squares, and given Schläfli symbol {3,6}:e.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Snub square tiling</span>

In geometry, the snub square tiling is a semiregular tiling of the Euclidean plane. There are three triangles and two squares on each vertex. Its Schläfli symbol is s{4,4}.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cubic honeycomb</span> Only regular space-filling tessellation of the cube

The cubic honeycomb or cubic cellulation is the only proper regular space-filling tessellation in Euclidean 3-space made up of cubic cells. It has 4 cubes around every edge, and 8 cubes around each vertex. Its vertex figure is a regular octahedron. It is a self-dual tessellation with Schläfli symbol {4,3,4}. John Horton Conway called this honeycomb a cubille.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tetrahedral-octahedral honeycomb</span> Quasiregular space-filling tesselation

The tetrahedral-octahedral honeycomb, alternated cubic honeycomb is a quasiregular space-filling tessellation in Euclidean 3-space. It is composed of alternating regular octahedra and tetrahedra in a ratio of 1:2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bitruncated cubic honeycomb</span>

The bitruncated cubic honeycomb is a space-filling tessellation in Euclidean 3-space made up of truncated octahedra. It has 4 truncated octahedra around each vertex. Being composed entirely of truncated octahedra, it is cell-transitive. It is also edge-transitive, with 2 hexagons and one square on each edge, and vertex-transitive. It is one of 28 uniform honeycombs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Quarter cubic honeycomb</span>

The quarter cubic honeycomb, quarter cubic cellulation or bitruncated alternated cubic honeycomb is a space-filling tessellation in Euclidean 3-space. It is composed of tetrahedra and truncated tetrahedra in a ratio of 1:1. It is called "quarter-cubic" because its symmetry unit – the minimal block from which the pattern is developed by reflections – is four times that of the cubic honeycomb.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Truncated heptagonal tiling</span>

In geometry, the truncated heptagonal tiling is a semiregular tiling of the hyperbolic plane. There are one triangle and two tetradecagons on each vertex. It has Schläfli symbol of t{7,3}. The tiling has a vertex configuration of 3.14.14.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Truncated order-7 triangular tiling</span>

In geometry, the order-7 truncated triangular tiling, sometimes called the hyperbolic soccerball, is a semiregular tiling of the hyperbolic plane. There are two hexagons and one heptagon on each vertex, forming a pattern similar to a conventional soccer ball with heptagons in place of pentagons. It has Schläfli symbol of t{3,7}.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Truncated trioctagonal tiling</span>

In geometry, the truncated trioctagonal tiling is a semiregular tiling of the hyperbolic plane. There are one square, one hexagon, and one hexadecagon (16-sides) on each vertex. It has Schläfli symbol of tr{8,3}.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Truncated octagonal tiling</span>

In geometry, the truncated octagonal tiling is a semiregular tiling of the hyperbolic plane. There is one triangle and two hexakaidecagons on each vertex. It has Schläfli symbol of t{8,3}.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Truncated order-8 triangular tiling</span>

In geometry, the truncated order-8 triangular tiling is a semiregular tiling of the hyperbolic plane. There are two hexagons and one octagon on each vertex. It has Schläfli symbol of t{3,8}.

References

  1. Chavey, D. (1989). "Tilings by Regular PolygonsII: A Catalog of Tilings". Computers & Mathematics with Applications. 17: 147–165. doi:10.1016/0898-1221(89)90156-9.
  2. "Uniform Tilings". Archived from the original on 2006-09-09. Retrieved 2006-09-09.
  3. Order in Space: A design source book, Keith Critchlow, p.74-75, pattern G
  4. John H. Conway, Heidi Burgiel, Chaim Goodman-Strauss, The Symmetries of Things 2008, ISBN   978-1-56881-220-5 "A K Peters, LTD. - the Symmetries of Things". Archived from the original on 2010-09-19. Retrieved 2012-01-20. (Chapter 21, Naming Archimedean and Catalan polyhedra and tilings, p288 table)
  5. Inose, Mikio. "mikworks.com : Original Work : Asanoha". www.mikworks.com. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  6. Weisstein, Eric W. "Dual tessellation". MathWorld .
  7. Kirby, Matthew; Umble, Ronald (2011), "Edge tessellations and stamp folding puzzles", Mathematics Magazine, 84 (4): 283–289, arXiv: 0908.3257 , doi:10.4169/math.mag.84.4.283, MR   2843659 .