Risky sexual behavior

Last updated • 3 min readFrom Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

Risky sexual behavior is the description of the activity that will increase the probability that a person engaging in sexual activity with another person infected with a sexually transmitted infection will be infected, [1] [2] [3] become unintentionally pregnant, or make a partner pregnant. It can mean two similar things: the behavior itself, and the description of the partner's behavior. [1]

Contents

The behavior could be unprotected vaginal, oral, anal, or non-penetrative manual intercourse. The partner could be a non-exclusive sexual partner, HIV-positive, and/or an intravenous drug user. [1] [2] [4]

Factors

A poster that represents a warning against the risks posed by alcohol consumption, promiscuity, and venereal disease (V.D.). A glamorous woman looking ruefully into her empty wine glass Wellcome L0027289.jpg
A poster that represents a warning against the risks posed by alcohol consumption, promiscuity, and venereal disease (V.D.).

Risky sexual behaviors can include: [5]

Risky sexual behavior includes unprotected intercourse, multiple sexual partners, and illicit drug use. [1] [2] [10] The use of alcoholic drinks and illicit drugs greatly increases the risk of gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, hepatitis B, and HIV/AIDS. [2] Trauma from penile-anal sex has been identified as a risky sexual behavior. [11]

Risky sexual behaviors can lead to serious consequences both for person and their partner(s). This sometimes includes cervical cancer, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. [4] An association exists between those with a higher incidence of body modifications (such as body piercings and tattoos) and risky sexual behaviors. [11]

Epidemiology

According to the National Youth Behavior Risk Survey, 19% of all sexually active adolescents in the US consumed alcohol or used other drugs before their last sexual intercourse. [12] In contrast, adolescents who reported no substance use were found to be the least likely to engage in sexual risk-taking. [13]

Most Canadian and American adolescents aged 15 to 19 years describe having had sexual intercourse at least one time. In the same population, 23.9% and 45.5% of young, adolescent females describe having sex with two or more sexual partners during the previous year. Of the males in the same population, 32.1% of Canadian males had two or more partners and 50.8% of American males also describe a similar experience. [4]

Alcohol is the most commonly used substance among youth aged 18–25 years. 10% of young adults had an alcohol use disorder in 2018, which is greater than the prevalence among all other age cohorts. [14] Research indicates that alcohol can lead to risky sexual behavior including lack of condom use, sexual intercourse with a non-primary partner, as well as lower likelihood of using contraception in general. [15]

Among older age cohorts, a similar positive trend can be observed in risky sexual behavior when combined with alcohol use. For instance, research on older men who have sex with men (MSM) showed that the likelihood of engaging in risky sexual activities increased with the use of alcohol and other drugs. [16]

Treatment and interventions

AIDS Prevention - Condom dispensers in toilets (4612444296).jpg

There are several factors linked to risky sexual behaviors. These include inconsistent condom use, alcohol use, polysubstance abuse, depression, lack of social support, recent incarceration, residing with a partner, and exposure to intimate partner violence and childhood sexual abuse. Further research is needed to establish the exact causal relationship between these factors and risky sexual behaviors. [17] [18] Sexual health risk reduction can include motivational exercises, assertiveness skills, educational and behavioral interventions. Counseling has been developed and implemented for people with severe mental illness, may improve participants' knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, behaviors or practices (including assertiveness skills) and could lead to a reduction in risky sexual behavior. [10]

There are several studies on the management of risky sexual behavior among youth, with most focusing on the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as HIV. [19] [20] [21] A meta-analysis evaluating prevention interventions among adolescents offers support for these programs in contributing to successful outcomes such as decreased incident STIs, increased condom use, and decreased or delayed penetrative sex. [20] The findings showed that most interventions were administered in a group format and involved psychoeducation on HIV/AIDS, active interpersonal skills-training with some additionally focusing on self-management skills-training and condom information/ demonstrations. Some evidence suggests that family interventions may be beneficial in preventing long-term risky sexual behavior in early adulthood. [22]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Eaton, A.D.; Scheadler, T.R.; Bradley, C.; McInroy, L.B. (September 2023). "Identity development, attraction, and behaviour of heterosexually identified men who have sex with men: scoping review protocol". Systematic Reviews . 12 (184). Springer Nature: 184. doi: 10.1186/s13643-023-02355-6 . ISSN   2046-4053. PMC   10542689 . PMID   37777815. S2CID   263231942.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Wang, S.-C.; Maher, B. (December 2019). "Substance Use Disorder, Intravenous Injection, and HIV Infection: A Review". Cell Transplantation. 28 (12). SAGE Journals: 1465–1471. doi: 10.1177/0963689719878380 . ISSN   1555-3892. PMC   6923556 . PMID   31547679. S2CID   202746148.
  3. ↑ Dimbuene, Z.T.; Emina, J.B.; Sankoh, O. (March 2014). "UNAIDS 'multiple sexual partners' core indicator: promoting sexual networks to reduce potential biases". Global Health Action . 7 (1). Taylor & Francis: 23103. doi: 10.3402/gha.v7.23103 . ISSN   1654-9880. PMC   3955766 . PMID   24647127. S2CID   12815577.
  4. 1 2 3 Hall PA (2004). "Risky Adolescent Sexual Behavior: A Psychological Perspective for Primary Care Clinicians". Topics in Advanced Practice Nursing eJournal.
  5. ↑ World Health Organization. Mental Health: Evidence and Research Team (2005). Alcohol Use and Sexual Risk Behaviour: A Cross-Cultural Study in Eight Countries. World Health Organization. hdl:10665/43122. ISBN   978-92-4-156289-8 . Retrieved 11 June 2022.
  6. ↑ "High Risk Sexual Behaviour". British Columbia, HealthLinkBC. 27 May 2016. Archived from the original on 21 March 2017. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
  7. ↑ Siegler AJ, Rosenthal EM, Sullivan PS, Christina Mehta C, Moore RH, Ahlschlager L, et al. (December 2019). "Levels of clinical condom failure for anal sex: A randomized cross-over trial". eClinicalMedicine. 17: 100199. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.10.012. PMC   6933145 . PMID   31891134.
  8. ↑ "Safe Sex". WebMD. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
  9. ↑ Henderson, Elena; Aaron, Sean; Blackhurst, Zachary; Maddock, Meghan; Fincham, Frank; Braithwaite, Scott R. (1 December 2020). "Is Pornography Consumption Related to Risky Behaviors During Friends with Benefits Relationships?". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 17 (12): 2446–2455. doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.08.017. ISSN   1743-6109. PMID   33077372.
  10. 1 2 Pandor A, Kaltenthaler E, Higgins A, Lorimer K, Smith S, Wylie K, Wong R (February 2015). "Sexual health risk reduction interventions for people with severe mental illness: a systematic review". BMC Public Health. 15 (1): 138. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1448-4 . PMC   4330652 . PMID   25886371.
  11. 1 2 Potter P (2013). Fundamentals of nursing. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby Elsevier. p. 386. ISBN   9780323079334.
  12. ↑ Kann L, McManus T, Harris WA, Shanklin SL, Flint KH, Queen B, et al. (June 2018). "Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance - United States, 2017". MMWR. Surveillance Summaries. 67 (8): 1–114. doi:10.15585/mmwr.ss6708a1. PMC   6002027 . PMID   29902162.
  13. ↑ Lowry R, Holtzman D, Truman BI, Kann L, Collins JL, Kolbe LJ (July 1994). "Substance use and HIV-related sexual behaviors among US high school students: are they related?". American Journal of Public Health. 84 (7): 1116–20. doi:10.2105/AJPH.84.7.1116. PMC   1614756 . PMID   8017535.
  14. ↑ Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2019). Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. PEP19-5068, NSDUH Series H-54). Rockville, MD: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. "Home Page | CBHSQ Data". www.samhsa.gov. Retrieved 21 October 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  15. ↑ Weinhardt LS, Carey MP (2000). "Does alcohol lead to sexual risk behavior? Findings from event-level research". Annual Review of Sex Research. 11: 125–57. doi:10.1080/10532528.2000.10559786. PMC   2426779 . PMID   11351830.
  16. ↑ Heath J, Lanoye A, Maisto SA (April 2012). "The role of alcohol and substance use in risky sexual behavior among older men who have sex with men: a review and critique of the current literature". AIDS and Behavior. 16 (3): 578–89. doi:10.1007/s10461-011-9921-2. PMC   3743230 . PMID   21390534.
  17. ↑ Engstrom M, Winham K, Gilbert L (2016). "Types and Characteristics of Childhood Sexual Abuse: How Do They Matter in HIV Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Women in Methadone Treatment in New York City?". Substance Use & Misuse. 51 (3): 277–94. doi:10.3109/10826084.2015.1058823. PMC   6385865 . PMID   26886405.
  18. ↑ Icard LD, Jemmott JB, Teitelman A, O'Leary A, Heeren GA (February 2014). "Mediation effects of problem drinking and marijuana use on HIV sexual risk behaviors among childhood sexually abused South African heterosexual men". Child Abuse & Neglect. 38 (2): 234–42. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.08.002. PMC   4075286 . PMID   24041455.
  19. ↑ Mullen PD, Ramírez G, Strouse D, Hedges LV, Sogolow E (July 2002). "Meta-analysis of the effects of behavioral HIV prevention interventions on the sexual risk behavior of sexually experienced adolescents in controlled studies in the United States". Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 30 (Suppl 1): S94 –S105. doi: 10.1097/00126334-200207011-00009 . PMID   12107363.
  20. 1 2 Johnson BT, Scott-Sheldon LA, Huedo-Medina TB, Carey MP (January 2011). "Interventions to reduce sexual risk for human immunodeficiency virus in adolescents: a meta-analysis of trials, 1985-2008". Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 165 (1): 77–84. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.251. PMC   4361805 . PMID   21199984.
  21. ↑ Pedlow CT, Carey MP (April 2003). "HIV sexual risk-reduction interventions for youth: a review and methodological critique of randomized controlled trials". Behavior Modification. 27 (2): 135–90. doi:10.1177/0145445503251562. PMC   2441937 . PMID   12705104.
  22. ↑ Caruthers AS, Van Ryzin MJ, Dishion TJ (February 2014). "Preventing high-risk sexual behavior in early adulthood with family interventions in adolescence: outcomes and developmental processes". Prevention Science. 15 Suppl 1 (S1): S59-69. doi:10.1007/s11121-013-0383-9. PMC   3749294 . PMID   23536124.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.