South Downtown, Atlanta

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Mitchell Street in South Downtown Hotel Row Atlanta.jpg
Mitchell Street in South Downtown

South Downtown is a historic neighborhood of Downtown Atlanta, Georgia, United States. [1] South Downtown is primarily home to city, county, state, and federal governmental offices, which prompted the city to adopt signage declaring the area "Government Walk." Although much of South Downtown is dominated by surface parking lots, the neighborhood was passed over during the redevelopment boom of the 1960s and 1970s that resulted in the demolition of much of Downtown's architecturally significant buildings. The result is myriad buildings from the 1950s and earlier that retain their historic structural integrity. [2]

Contents

Geography

South Downtown is located north of I-20, east of Castleberry Hill, south of Five Points, and west of I-85. Underground Atlanta is the primary shopping and entertainment center near South Downtown and it, along with the railroad gulch ("The Gulch"), separates the district from Five Points and the Hotel District.

History

Rich's 1924 store, the anchor of the South Downtown shopping district until its closure in 1991 View of northeast corner of 1924 store, from northeast looking southwest. - Rich's Downtown Department Store, 45 Broad Street, Atlanta.jpeg
Rich's 1924 store, the anchor of the South Downtown shopping district until its closure in 1991

South Downtown was once a bustling shopping district. Whitehall Street, renamed Peachtree Street Southwest, was the principal shopping street of Atlanta from the 1850s until the mid-20th century. A source from 1854 reported that the street was "being built up with stores of brick", while Broad Street was the market district. [3] The City of Atlanta historians refer to the area as the "Heart of Atlanta" commercial district. [4]

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a cluster of department stores was located in the area. In the 1870s, the "Big Five" were Rich's, Chamberlain, Boyton, & Co., Ryan's; Keeley's; and Dougherty's; later, the J.M. High Company would join their leagues. [5] By the 1930s, Rich's would come to dominate the South Downtown shopping district. In 1949, Whitehall was filled with five and dime stores, such as McCrory's, S. H. Kress, Woolworth's, and W. T. Grant. [6]

As late as 1968 the northern end of Whitehall was still called a "bustling retail corridor". [7] Today, Peachtree Street Southwest continues as a low-end shopping area with several of the older retail buildings converted into "malls": Metro Mall in the old McCrory's building and the Mall at 82 Peachtree, in the Rich's 1906 building. And landmark Miller's Rexall Drugs continues its trade in hoodoo and homeopathic remedies at Broad and Mitchell streets, as it has since 1965. [8]

Hotel Row in the early 20th century Mitchell2.jpg
Hotel Row in the early 20th century

Located in South Downtown is Hotel Row, both a National Register and locally listed historic district consisting of one block of early 20th century commercial buildings, 3-4 stories high, located on Mitchell Street west of Forsyth Street. The building were originally hotels built to serve the needs of passengers from Terminal Station, opened in 1905 and demolished in 1971. The buildings are the most intact row of early 20th century commercial structures in the city in Atlanta's original business district. The decline of Hotel Row began in the 1920s due to the increased availability of automobile transportation and the construction of the Spring Street viaduct, which made getting to hotels in the northern part of the city easier.

Rich's 1906 building at what is now 82 Peachtree St. SE, as seen in 2013 82 Peachtree (formerly 52-54-56 Whitehall, Rich's 1906 building), Atlanta.JPG
Rich's 1906 building at what is now 82 Peachtree St. SE, as seen in 2013

Government facilities

The exterior of the Fulton County Courthouse, located at 136 Pryor Street SW Fulton County Court House.jpg
The exterior of the Fulton County Courthouse, located at 136 Pryor Street SW
Pryor Street, with the Fulton County Government Center building to the left Pryor Street Atlanta Georgia.jpg
Pryor Street, with the Fulton County Government Center building to the left

South Downtown is home to the governmental facilities of the City of Atlanta, Fulton County, and the State of Georgia. South Downtown is also home to federal government offices. This concentration of governmental facilities influenced the city's decision to market the area as "Government Walk." A list of the most well known government buildings in this district are:

To the east of Central Avenue, aside from the Georgia State Capitol, many State of Georgia offices are located in this district, such as the Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT), Georgia Department of Agriculture, and the Georgia Supreme Court.

Transportation

Central Presbyterian Church, located across from the Georgia State Capitol Central Presbyterian Church, Across from Georgia State Capitol, Atlanta, Georgia.jpg
Central Presbyterian Church, located across from the Georgia State Capitol

MARTA provides public transportation to the district through the Garnett Transit Station, located on Peachtree Street, and Georgia State Station, located on Piedmont Avenue.

Many commuters from the southern suburbs who work in Downtown travel on South Downtown's streets when heading to work. Many streets in this district are one-way, similar to the other districts that make up Downtown.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Atlanta</span>

The history of Atlanta dates back to 1836, when Georgia decided to build a railroad to the U.S. Midwest and a location was chosen to be the line's terminus. The stake marking the founding of "Terminus" was driven into the ground in 1837. In 1839, homes and a store were built there and the settlement grew. Between 1845 and 1854, rail lines arrived from four different directions, and the rapidly growing town quickly became the rail hub for the entire Southern United States. During the American Civil War, Atlanta, as a distribution hub, became the target of a major Union campaign, and in 1864, Union William Sherman's troops set on fire and destroyed the city's assets and buildings, save churches and hospitals. After the war, the population grew rapidly, as did manufacturing, while the city retained its role as a rail hub. Coca-Cola was launched here in 1886 and grew into an Atlanta-based world empire. Electric streetcars arrived in 1889, and the city added new "streetcar suburbs".

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Midtown Atlanta</span> Neighborhood in Fulton County, Georgia, United States

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rich's (department store)</span> Defunct department store chain based in Atlanta, Georgia, United States (1867-2005)

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Whitehall Street Retail Historic District</span> Historic district in Georgia, United States

The Whitehall Street Retail Historic District is a historic district in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. The district is centered on Peachtree Street and Martin Luther King Jr. Drive and includes Broad, Forsyth, and Mitchell Streets. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2020.

References

  1. ↑ "CAP/ADID Doing Business - Atlanta At-A-Glance". Archived from the original on May 9, 2008. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
  2. ↑ "Have Fun - Architecture - South Downtown". Atlantadowntown.com. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
  3. ↑ Martin, Thomas H. (April 16, 2018). "Atlanta and Its Builders: A Comprehensive History of the Gate City of the South". Century Memorial Publishing Company. Retrieved April 16, 2018– via Google Books.
  4. ↑ "Atlanta, GA : M. Rich and Brothers and Company Building". Atlantaga.gov. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
  5. ↑ Clemmons, Jeff (April 16, 2018). "Rich's: A Southern Institution". History Press. Retrieved April 16, 2018– via Google Books.
  6. ↑ "Downtown Atlanta Map (1949)". Archived from the original on April 2, 2013. Retrieved February 11, 2013.
  7. ↑ Martin, Harold H. (April 16, 1987). "Atlanta and Environs: A Chronicle of Its People and Events : Years of Change and Challenge, 1940-1976". University of Georgia Press. Retrieved April 16, 2018– via Google Books.
  8. ↑ "Need a Job? Losing Your House? Who Says Hoodoo Can't Help?", Cameron McWhirter, Wall Street Journal, December 28, 2010

33°45′03″N84°23′37″W / 33.750868°N 84.393621°W / 33.750868; -84.393621

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