Sovremenny-class destroyer

Last updated

Bezuprechnyy.jpg
Bezuprechny in August 1986
Class overview
NameSovremenny class
Builders Zhdanov Shipyard
Operators
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Built1976–2004
In commission1980–present
Planned25
Completed21
Cancelled4
Active6 (2 with Russian Navy, 4 with PLA Navy)
Retired13 (2 Laid-up)
Preserved1
General characteristics
Type Guided-missile destroyer
Displacement6,600 tons standard, 8,000 tons full load
Length156 m (511 ft 10 in)
Beam17.3 m (56 ft 9 in)
Draught6.5 m (21 ft 4 in)
Propulsion2 shaft steam turbines, 4 boilers, 75,000 kW (100,000 hp), 2 fixed propellers, 2 turbo generators, and 2 diesel generators
Speed32.7 knots (60.6 km/h; 37.6 mph)
Range
  • 3,920 nmi (7,260 km; 4,510 mi) at 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph)
  • 1,345 nmi (2,491 km; 1,548 mi) at 33 knots (61 km/h; 38 mph)
Complement350
Sensors and
processing systems
  • Radar: Air target acquisition radar, 3 × navigation radars, 130 mm gun fire-control radars, 30 mm air-defence gun fire control radar
  • Sonar: Active and passive under-keel sonar
  • ES: Tactical situation plotting board, anti-ship missile fire control system, air defence, missile fire-control system, and torpedo fire control system
Electronic warfare
& decoys		2 PK-2 decoy dispensers (200 rockets)
Armament
  • Guns:
  • 2 dual AK-130 130 mm naval guns
  • 4 × 30 mm AK-630 CIWS
  • Missiles
  • 8 (2 × 4) (SS-N-22 'Sunburn') anti-ship missiles
  • 48 (2 × 24) SA-N-7 'Gadfly' surface-to-air missiles
  • Anti-submarine:
  • 2 × 2 533 mm torpedo tubes
  • 2 × 6 RBU-1000 300 mm anti-submarine rocket launchers
Aircraft carried1 × Ka-27 series helicopter
Aviation facilitiesHelipad

The Sovremenny class, Soviet designation Project 956 Sarych (buzzard), is a class of anti-ship and anti-aircraft guided-missile destroyers of the Soviet and later Russian Navy. The ships are named after qualities, with "Sovremenny" translating as "modern" or "contemporary". Most of the ships have been retired from active service and one converted into a museum ship in 2018; as of 2021 three remain in commission with the Russian Navy with several in overhaul. Four modified ships were delivered to the People's Liberation Army Navy, and remain in service.

Contents

The Sovremenny class are guided-missile destroyers, primarily tasked with anti-ship warfare, while also providing sea and air defense for warships and transports under escort. The class was designed to complement the Udaloy-class destroyers, which were fitted primarily for anti-submarine operations.

History

Sovremenny-class destroyer Osmotritelny Osmotritelny.jpg
Sovremenny-class destroyer Osmotritelny

The project began in the late 1960s when it was becoming obvious in the Soviet Navy that naval guns still had an important role, particularly in support of amphibious landings, but existing gun cruisers and destroyers were showing their age. A new design was started, employing a new 130 mm automatic gun turret. Single and twin mounts were developed, and the twin mount was chosen for its superior rate of fire. In 1971 a go-ahead was given for the Severnaya design bureau to design "a ship capable of supporting amphibious landings". [1] At the same time, the United States Navy was constructing new large Spruance-class multi-role destroyers. To respond to this new threat, Project 956 was updated with a new air defence suite and new, powerful 3M80 anti-ship missiles. Although the Soviet Navy had largely moved to gas turbine propulsion for its new warships, steam turbines were selected instead for Project 956: partly because production of naval gas turbines would have been insufficient for the entire program. The lead ship of the class, Sovremenny was laid down in 1976 and commissioned in 1980. A total of 17 were built for the Russian Navy, but currently, only six remain in service due to a lack of funds and trained personnel. Additionally, two ships are ongoing modernization and overhaul and two are laid up in reserve (the table lists three in service, two in reserve, one being overhauled, and 11 decommissioned + four Chinese). All the ships were built by Severnaya Verf 190 in St. Petersburg.

These ships have a maximum displacement of 7,940 tons. The ships are 156 metres (511 ft 10 in) in length, with a beam of 17.3 metres (56 ft 9 in) and a draught of 6.5 metres (21 ft 4 in). They are armed with an anti-submarine helicopter, 48 air defence missiles, eight anti-ship missiles, torpedoes, mines, long-range guns and a sophisticated electronic warfare system.

There are a total of three versions of this class: the original Project 956 armed with the 3M80 version of the Moskit anti-ship missile, and its successor, the Project 956A, which is armed with the improved 3M80M version of the Moskit with longer range. The main difference between the two is that the missile launching tubes on Project 956A are longer than that of Project 956 to accommodate the increased size of the newer missile, and these launching tubes can be used to fire/store the original 3M80 as well. A third version, Project 956EM, later developed for the People's Liberation Army Navy Surface Force was the latest development of this class. Chinese media called the ship a "carrier killer".

Design

Command and control

The ship's combat systems can use target designation data from the ship's active and passive sensors, from other ships in the fleet, from surveillance aircraft or via a communications link from the ship's helicopter. The multi-channel defence suite is capable of striking several targets simultaneously.

Missiles

Midships view. Otchayannyy2.jpg
Midships view.

The ship is outfitted with the Raduga Moskit anti-ship missile system with two four-cell launchers installed port and starboard of the forward island and set at an angle of about 15°. The ship carries a total of eight Moskit 3M80E missiles, NATO designation SS-N-22 Sunburn. The missile is sea-skimming with a velocity of Mach 2.5, armed with a 300-kilogram (660 lb) high-explosive or a nuclear 200 kt warhead. The range is from 10 to 120 kilometres (6.2 to 74.6 mi). The launch weight is 4,000 kg (8,800 lb).

Two Shtil surface-to-air missile systems are installed, each on the raised deck behind the twin-barrelled 130 mm guns. Shtil is the export name of the SA-N-7, NATO reporting name Gadfly. (From the 9th ship onwards, the same launcher is used for SA-17 Grizzly/SA-N-12 Yezh.) The system uses the ship's three-dimensional circular scan radar for target tracking. Up to three missiles can be aimed simultaneously. The range is up to 25 km (16 mi) against targets with speeds up to 830 metres per second (2,700 ft/s). The ship carries 48 Shtil missiles.

Guns

Bow view. Otlichnyy1.jpg
Bow view.

The ship's 130-millimetre (5.1 in) guns are the AK-130-MR-184. [2] The system includes a computer control system with electronic and television sighting. The gun can be operated in fully automatic mode from the radar control system, under autonomous control using the turret-mounted Kondensor optical sighting system, and can also be laid manually. The rate of fire is disputed, but various Russian sources credit the weapon with a cyclic rate of 30–40 rounds per minute per barrel, in line with the French Creusot-Loire 100 mm or the Italian OTO Melara 127 mm/54, but faster than the US Mark 45.

The ship has four six-barreled 30 mm AK-630 auto-cannon systems. The maximum rate of fire is 5,000 rounds/min. Range is up to 4,000 m for low flying anti-ship missiles and 5,000 m for light surface targets. The gun is outfitted with radar and television detection and tracking. The latest Sovremennys carry the Kashtan CIWS system instead of AK-630.

Anti-submarine systems

Helicopter pad. Otlichnyy3.jpg
Helicopter pad.

The destroyers have two double 533 mm (21 in) torpedo tubes and two six-barrel RBU-1000 anti-submarine rocket launchers, with 48 rockets. [2] Range is 1,000 metres (1,100 yd). The rocket is armed with a 55 kg (121 lb) warhead.

Helicopter

The ship's helicopter pad and telescopic hangar accommodate one Kamov Ka-27 anti-submarine warfare helicopter, NATO codename Helix. The helicopter can operate in conditions up to Sea State 5 and up to 200 km (120 mi) from the host ship.

Countermeasures

The Project 956 destroyer is fitted with an electronic countermeasures system and carries a store of 200 rockets for the two decoy dispensers, model PK-2.

Sensors

Radar

Sovremenny-class destroyer Bezuderzhny underway. Destroyer Bezuderzhnyy.jpg
Sovremenny-class destroyer Bezuderzhny underway.

The complete sensor suite and ECM comprises: 3D radar 'Top Steer', replaced later with 'Top Plate' (MR-760), 230 km range vs fighters and 50 km vs missiles and a total of 40 targets can be simultaneously tracked; Mineral system ('Band Stand') to allow the SS-N 22 guidance; 3 navigation and surface control radar MR-201 e 212; 2 'Bass Tilt' (MR-123) for CIWS; 6 'Front Dome'(MR-90) radar for SA-N-7 guidance (a very large arrangement to assure an effective defense against saturation attacks), linked with 3D radar and two SAM launcher (5 missile min each); 1 'Kite Screech' radar for 130 mm (MR-184 Lev). ECM and ESM are many: 2 ESM MR-410 or MP-405; 2 ECM MRP-11M or 12M ('Bell Shroud'), 2 'Bell Squat', 4 'Football B' and one MR-407; 2 PK-2M rocket launchers (140 mm), and 8 PK-10 (120 mm), 2–8 laser warning receiver systems Spektr-F, one Squeeze Box (TV, laser and IR system).

Sonar

Medium and high frequencies (M/HF) MGK-355 Platina integrated sonar system with NATO reporting name Bull Horn, including the MG-335 hull-mounted array. Type 956 originally only carries the hull-mounted array because the ASW gear of this class is primarily for self-defence. For Type 956A, an improved MGK-355MS Platina is carried, which includes hull-mounted array, VDS, and towed array, with NATO reporting names Bull Nose / Mare Tail / Steer Hide respectively. It is reported that Type 956EM is equipped with the successor of MGK-355/355MS, the MGK-355TA integrated sonar system, which includes both the hull-mounted and towed arrays (with NATO reporting name Horse Jaw & Horse Tail respectively).

Propulsion

The ship's propulsion system is based on two steam turbine engines each producing 37,000 kW (50,000 hp) together with four high-pressure boilers. There are two fixed-pitch propellers. The ship's maximum speed is just under 33 knots (61 km/h; 38 mph). At a fuel-economic speed of 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph) the range is 3,920 nautical miles (7,260 km; 4,510 mi). Several ships of this class suffered from problems regarding their propulsion system that were so severe that they had to be retired. [3]

PLAN variants

Refitted PLAN Type 956E destroyers are armed with YJ-12A supersonic anti-ship missiles, Chinese VLS and HHQ-10 point defense missile system. PLANS Hangzhou (DDG-136) 20230220.jpg
Refitted PLAN Type 956E destroyers are armed with YJ-12A supersonic anti-ship missiles, Chinese VLS and HHQ-10 point defense missile system.

The Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy Surface Force (PLAN) had two modified Sovremenny-class destroyers delivered in December 1999 and November 2000, designated as Project 956E, [4] with improved electronic gears. [4] In 2002, the PLAN ordered two improved versions designated Project 956EM. The first vessel was launched in late 2005, while the second was launched in 2006. All four vessels were commissioned to the East Sea Fleet.

On the improved Project Project 956EM, the aft AK-130 main gun was removed. The four AK-630 CIWS were replaced by two sets of Kashtan CIWS short-range air defence gun/missile systems. Each Kashtan system comprises a 3R86E1 command module and two 3R87E combat modules. Each 3R87E combat module has two 30 mm GSh-30k six-barrel automatic guns (range 0.5–4 km (0.31–2.49 mi)) and two SA-N-11 air defence missiles. The missile is armed with a 9 kg (20 lb) warhead and has a range of 1.5–8 km (0.93–4.97 mi). This improved 956EM version is also the first to be armed with the newer version of SS-N-22, which is reported to have a designation of 3-M80MBE and possibly funded by China (according to Russian sources), and the new missile differs from the older ones mainly in that the range is increased from 120 km (75 mi) to 200 km (120 mi). The air defense software is upgraded to accommodate the newer SA-N-12/SA-17 SAM system, but since China had already joined Russia in developing an even newer successor, it is not clear if SA-N-12/SA-17 has entered Chinese service in large numbers.

In 2006, the extra spheres (painted white in the mid-2006) added atop of the superstructures of the Chinese ships appearing in the latest photographs of the Chinese units have shown that these Chinese ships had been upgraded with the domestic HN-900 Data link (the Chinese equivalent of Link 11A/B, to be upgraded) and SATCOM (probably the SNTI-240).

From mid-2014, all four Chinese Sovremenny-class destroyers are planned to undergo a midlife upgrade program. As of 2016, Hangzhou was reported to be undergoing refit with its original components replaced with domestic systems. In addition to the replacement of electronics and sensors, armament upgrades include replacing 2x4 3M80E Moskit anti-ship missiles with 2x4 YJ-12A supersonic missiles and swapping two launchers for 48 SA-N-12 SAMs with 4 sets of 8-cell vertical launch systems totaling 32 cells for HQ-16C or Yu-8 anti-submarine missiles. [5] [6]

Ships

Nastoychivy underway in the Baltic Sea off the coast of Ventspils, Latvia (2005). US Navy 050606-N-5258M-011 Russian destroyer RFS Nastoychivyy (DD 610) is currently underway participating in Baltic Operations (BALTOPS) 2005.jpg
Nastoychivy underway in the Baltic Sea off the coast of Ventspils, Latvia (2005).
Overhead view of Stoyky. Stoykiy.jpg
Overhead view of Stoyky.
NameNamesakeLaid downLaunchedCommissionedFleetStatus
Naval Ensign of Russia.svg  Russian Navy
Sovremenny Modern3 March 197618 November 197825 December 1980 Northern Decommissioned in 1998
Otchayanny Reckless1 March 197729 March 198030 September 1982Decommissioned in 1998
Otlichny Excellent22 April 197821 March 198130 September 1983Decommissioned in 1998
Osmotritelny Circumspect27 October 197824 April 198230 September 1984 Pacific Decommissioned in 1998
Bezuprechny Impeccable29 January 198125 July 19836 November 1985NorthernDecommissioned in 2001
Boyevoy Militant26 March 19824 August 198428 September 1986PacificDecommissioned in 2010
Stoyky Steadfast28 September 198227 July 198531 December 1986Decommissioned in 1998
Okrylyonny Winged16 April 198331 May 198630 December 1987NorthernDecommissioned in 1998
Burny Impetuous4 November 198330 December 198630 September 1988PacificUndergoing prolonged overhaul still underway as of 2019 [9] [10]
Gremyashchy
(ex-Veduschy)		Thunderous23 November 198430 May 198730 December 1988NorthernDecommissioned in 2006
Bystry Quick29 October 198528 November 198730 September 1989PacificDecommissioned in 2022 [11]
Rastoropny Prompt15 August 19864 June 198830 December 1989NorthernDecommissioned in 2012
Bezboyaznenny Fearless8 January 198718 February 198928 December 1990PacificDecommissioned in 2016
Gremyashchy
(ex-Bezuderzhny)		Thunderous24 February 198730 September 198925 June 1991NorthernDecommissioned in 2013
Bespokoyny Restless18 April 19879 June 199028 December 1991 Baltic Decommissioned in 2018, museum ship in Kronstadt [12]
Nastoychivy
(ex-Moskovsky Komsomolets)		Persistent7 April 198819 January 199130 December 1992Undergoing overhaul [13]
Admiral Ushakov
(ex-Besstrashny)		 Fyodor Ushakov
(ex-Fearless)		6 May 198828 December 199130 December 1993NorthernActive [14]
Naval ensign of China.svg  People's Liberation Army Navy
Hangzhou
(ex-Vazhny)		City of Hangzhou 4 November 198827 May 199425 December 1999 East Sea Active
Fuzhou
(ex-Vdumchivy)		City of Fuzhou 22 April 198916 April 199920 November 2000Active
Taizhou
(ex-Vnushitelny)		City of Taizhou, Jiangsu 3 July 200227 April 200428 December 2005Active
Ningbo
(ex-Vechny)		City of Ningbo 15 November 200223 July 200427 September 2006Active

See also

Related Research Articles

SS-N-22 Sunburn is the NATO reporting name for two unrelated Soviet anti-ship missiles. Although the missiles were very different, distinguishing between them is difficult because their ship-mounted launching containers were identical. Confusion was exacerbated by the Soviet practice of mixing missile types within a class of ships. It was therefore not confirmed that the "SS-N-22" actually referenced two different missiles until after the fall of the Soviet Union.

<i>Delhi</i>-class destroyer Indian class of warships

The Delhi-class destroyers are guided-missile destroyers of the Indian Navy. Three ships of this class are in active service. The Delhi-class vessels were the largest vessels to be built in India at the time of their commissioning. The ships were built by Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL) at a cost of ₹750 crore each.

Tarantul-class corvette Class of Soviet missile corvette

The Tarantul-class corvette, Soviet designation Project 1241 Molniya are a class of Russian missile corvettes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Buk missile system</span> Soviet surface-to-air missile system

The Buk is a family of self-propelled, medium-range surface-to-air missile systems developed by the Soviet Union and its successor state, the Russian Federation, and designed to counter cruise missiles ,smart bombs and rotary-wing aircraft, and unmanned aerial vehicles. In the Russian A2AD network, Buk is located between the S-200/300/400 systems above and the point defense Tor and Pantsir type systems below.

Type 051B destroyer Class of guided missile destroyers fielded by the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army Navy

The Type 051B destroyer is a class of destroyer built by the People's Republic of China. It consists of only one ship, Shenzhen (167). When Shenzhen was commissioned into the People's Liberation Army Navy Surface Force in 1998, it was then the largest surface combatant that China had ever built. It resembles in many ways an enlarged version of the Luhu-class destroyer, and is one of the first PLAN ships with a slope-sided hull to reduce radar signature. The Type 051B was succeeded by the domestic Type 052B destroyer, discounting the 4 Soviet-built Sovremenny-class destroyer that China purchased in the interim.

INS <i>Trishul</i> (F43)

INS Trishul (F43) is the second frigate of the Talwar class of the Indian Navy. Trishul, the guided missile frigate, joined the arsenal of Indian Navy in 2003. The ship was commissioned by the then Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Western Naval Command Vice Admiral Arun Prakash at St. Petersburg, Russia on 25 June 2003. It has a complement of 32 officers and 228 sailors. In contrast to the lead ship INS Talwar, the sea trials of Trishul were considerably shortened as the ship performed well. Trishul arrived in Mumbai on 23 September 2003.

<i>Udaloy</i>-class destroyer 1980s class of Soviet/Russian guided-missile anti-submarine destroyer

The Udaloy class, Soviet designation Project 1155 Fregat and Russian designation Project 11551 Fregat-M, are series of anti-submarine guided-missile destroyers built for the Soviet Navy, seven of which are currently in service with the Russian Navy. Twelve ships were built between 1980 and 1990, while the thirteenth ship built to a modified design, known as Udaloy II class, followed in 1999. They complement the Sovremenny-class destroyers in anti-aircraft and anti-surface warfare operations. The codename Udaloy comes from an Russian adjective удалой, meaning daring or bold.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Type 730 CIWS</span> Chinese automated close-in weapons system

The Type 730 is a Chinese seven-barrelled 30 mm Gatling gun/rotary cannon CIWS. It has a PLA Navy designation H/PJ12. It is mounted in an enclosed automatic turret and directed by radar, and electro-optical tracking systems. The maximum rate of fire is 5800 rd/m, and the effective range is up to 3 km.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">People's Liberation Army Navy Surface Force</span> Surface warfare branch of the Peoples Liberation Army Navy

The People's Liberation Army Navy Surface Force is the surface warfare branch of China's People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN), consisting of all surface vessels in operational service with the PLAN. The PLAN Surface Force operates 661 ships organized into three fleets: the North Sea Fleet, the East Sea Fleet and the South Sea Fleet.

Type 051C destroyer Class of guided missile destroyers operated by the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army Navy

The Type 051C destroyer is a long-range air-defence guided-missile destroyer built by China in its ongoing effort to create a true blue water navy. The ship uses the hull design of the older Type 051B, but is equipped with the advanced Russian S-300FM air defence missiles systems. Currently, two ships of this class have been launched and deployed by People's Liberation Army Navy North Sea Fleet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kashtan CIWS</span> Close-in weapon system

The Kortik close-in weapon system (CIWS) is a modern naval air defence gun-missile system deployed by the Russian Navy. Its export version is known as Kashtan, with the NATO designation CADS-N-1 Kashtan.

Parchim-class corvette East German anti-submarine ship

The Parchim-class corvette, Soviet designation Project 1331M, was developed for the East German Navy in the late 1970s, and built by the Wolgast Peene-Werft. The ships were designed for coastal anti-submarine warfare. In case of an all-out NATO-Warsaw Pact war in Europe their prime targets would have been the small U-206 coastal submarines of the West German navy. The first ship, Wismar, was launched on 9 April 1981 in Rostock, and subsequently another 15 ships were built until 1986. To make production more economical, the Soviet Union agreed to purchase another 12 ships from Wolgaster Peenewerft built between 1986 and 1990, thereby effectively subsidising the East German shipbuilding industry.

Osa-class missile boat 1960s Soviet missile boat super-class

The Project 205 Moskit (mosquito) more commonly known by their NATO reporting name Osa, are a class of missile boats developed for the Soviet Navy in the late 1950s. Until 1962 this was classified as a large torpedo boat.

<i>Kora</i>-class corvette Class of Indian Navy corvettes

Kora-class corvettes are guided missile corvettes, in active service with the Indian Navy and the National Coast Guard of Mauritius. Four vessels were built at Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE) and outfitted at Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL).

Russian destroyer <i>Admiral Tributs</i>

Admiral Tributs is a Project 1155 Large Anti-Submarine Ship of the Russian Navy. Known in the west as an Udaloy-class destroyer, the ship is named after admiral Vladimir Filippovich Tributs. Launched in 1983, Admiral Tributs serves in the Russian Pacific Fleet, and has taken part in operations alongside the naval forces of other nations like China, India and Japan, and as part of a peacekeeping force in the Middle East between 1992 and 1993.

Chinese destroyer <i>Shenyang</i> (115) Type 051C destroyer of the PLA Navy

Shenyang (115) is the lead ship of Type 051C destroyer of the People's Liberation Army Navy. She was commissioned on 1 January 2006.

Chinese destroyer <i>Shijiazhuang</i> (116) Type 051C destroyer of the PLA Navy

Shijiazhuang (116) is the second ship of Type 051C destroyer of the People's Liberation Army Navy. She was commissioned on 22 January 2007.

Hangzhou(136) is a Type 956E destroyer of the People's Liberation Army Navy.

Ningbo(139) is a Type 956EM destroyer of the People's Liberation Army Navy.

References

  1. ↑ "956 Sovremenny class". warfare.be. Archived from the original on 23 April 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  2. 1 2 "Sovremenny Class - Project 956". Federation of American Scientists . Archived from the original on 23 March 2016.
  3. ↑ "Sovremenny Class – Project 956". GlobalSecurity.org. Archived from the original on 21 June 2007. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
  4. 1 2 "Project 956E" . Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  5. ↑ "China's PLAN Upgrading its Project 956E Destroyers with VLS and YJ-12A Anti-Ship Missiles". Navy Recognition. 15 April 2016. Archived from the original on 19 April 2016. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
  6. ↑ Lin, Jeffrey; Singer, P.W. (29 April 2016). "China Refits Older Warships for a Bigger Punch". Popular Science . Archived from the original on 2 September 2017. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
  7. ↑ Novichkov, Nikolai; Chang, Yihong; Scott, Richard (8 January 2002). "China buys two more Project 956EM ships". Jane's Defence Weekly . Archived from the original on 6 February 2002.
  8. ↑ "Project 956 (Sovremenny Class) Missile Destroyer". SinoDefence. Archived from the original on 22 August 2006. Retrieved 22 August 2006.
  9. ↑ В Санкт-Петербурге восстановят энергетическую установку эсминца "Бурный" [The power plant of the "Burnyy" destroyer will be restored in St. Petersburg]. FlotProm (in Russian). 18 February 2013. Archived from the original on 28 September 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
  10. ↑ Nielsen, Anders Puck (8 February 2019). "Russia has found money to repair the flagship of the Baltic Fleet". Romeo Squared.
  11. ↑ "Боевые корабли основных классов ВМФ России на 01.02.2022". livejournal.com (in Russian). 1 February 2022.
  12. ↑ В Кронштадте открыли крупнейший в России корабль-музей "Беспокойный" [Russia's largest museum ship "Bespokoynyy" was opened in Kronstadt]. RIA Novosti (in Russian). 27 July 2018. Archived from the original on 11 May 2019. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
  13. ↑ "Эсминец Балтийского флота "Настойчивый" в 2019 году встанет на плановый ремонт" [The destroyer of the Baltic Fleet "Nastoychivyy" scheduled for repairs in 2019]. Russian Ministry of Defence (in Russian). 5 February 2019. Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
  14. ↑ "В этом году в состав сил постоянной готовности.. | ВМФ РОССИИ - МЫ НЕСЁМ АНДРЕЕВСКИЙ ФЛАГ | VK".
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.