St Edmund's College, Cambridge

Last updated

St Edmund's College
University of Cambridge
Norfolk and Chapel.jpg
St Edmund's College Chapel and the original Norfolk Building
Arms of St Edmund's College, Cambridge.svg
Arms of St Edmund's College
Arms: Arms of Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk (quarterly of four: Howard, Brotherton, Warenne, FitzAlan) with a canton of St Edmund of Abingdon (Or, a cross fleury gules between four Cornish choughs proper [1] ) all within a bordure argent
Scarf colours: blue, with two equally-spaced narrow stripes of Cambridge blue edged with white
Location Mount Pleasant, Cambridge (map)
Full nameThe Master, Fellows and Scholars of St Edmund’s College in the University of Cambridge
Latin nameCollegium Sancti Edmundi
AbbreviationED [2]
MottoPer Revelationem et Rationem (Latin)
Founders
Established1896
Named after Edmund of Abingdon
Previous namesSt Edmund's House
Age restriction21 and older
Sister college Green Templeton College, Oxford
Master Chris Young
Undergraduates188 (2022-23)
Postgraduates528 (2022-23)
Endowment £18.1m (2019) [3]
Visitor Vincent Nichols, Archbishop of Westminster
Website www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk
CR www.cr.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk
Map
Cambridge centre map.png
Red pog.svg
Location in Central Cambridge
Location map Cambridge.png
Red pog.svg
Location in Cambridge

St Edmund's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge [4] in England. Founded in 1896, it is the second-oldest of the three Cambridge colleges oriented to mature students, which accept only students reading for postgraduate degrees or for undergraduate degrees if aged 21 years or older.

Contents

Named after St Edmund of Abingdon (1175–1240), who was the first known Oxford Master of Arts and Archbishop of Canterbury from 1234 to 1240, the college has Catholic roots. Its founders were Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk, and Baron Anatole von Hügel (1854–1928), the first Catholic to take a Cambridge degree since the deposition of King James II in 1688. [5] The Visitor is the Archbishop of Westminster (at present Cardinal Vincent Nichols). [6]

The college is located on Mount Pleasant, northwest of the centre of Cambridge, near Lucy Cavendish College, Murray Edwards College and Fitzwilliam College. Its campus consists of a garden setting on the edge of what was Roman Cambridge, with housing for over 350 students.

Members of St Edmund's include cosmologist and Big Bang theorist Georges Lemaître, Norman St John-Stevas, Archbishop Eamon Martin, of Armagh, Bishop John Petit of Menevia, and Olympic medalists Simon Schürch (Gold), Thorsten Streppelhoff (Silver), Marc Weber (Silver), Stuart Welch (Silver) and Simon Amor (Silver). St Edmund's was the residential hall of the university's first Catholic students in 200 years – most of whom were studying for the priesthood – after the lifting of the papal prohibition on attendance at the universities of Oxford and Cambridge in 1895 at the urging of a delegation to Pope Leo XIII led by Baron von Hügel. [7]

History

Foundation

St Edmund's House was founded in 1896 by Henry Fitzalan-Howard, the 15th Duke of Norfolk, and Baron Anatole von Hügel as an institution providing board and lodging for Roman Catholic students at the University of Cambridge.

After Catholic Emancipation, in particular after the Universities Tests Act 1871, students who were Roman Catholics were admitted as members of Oxford and Cambridge universities. However, the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith decreed that it would be next to impossible for the ancient English universities to be frequented without mortal sin, stressing the dangers of an increasing atmosphere of liberalism and scepticism. [8] This decision was met with public outcry from the wealthy laity, who wished for their sons to attend Oxbridge colleges. [9] After a petition led by Anatole von Hügel, this ban was lifted in 1895 by Pope Leo XIII with the condition that a chaplain be appointed, a library with Catholic books be founded, and public lectures on philosophy, history and religion be established. [10] [11] As a result, the Universities Catholic Education Board (later Oxford and Cambridge Catholic Education Board) was founded and Edmund Nolan was appointed Chaplain. The Duke of Norfolk purchased property in Cambridge and the Cambridge University Catholic Chaplaincy was established at St Edmund's House in November 1886. [10]

In its early days the college functioned predominantly as a lodging house, or hall of residence, for students who were matriculated at other colleges. Most of the students, at that time, were ordained Catholic priests who were reading various subjects offered by the University. The college was established in the buildings of Ayerst Hostel, which had been set up for non-collegiate students by the Anglican priest William Ayerst in 1884. [7] In 1896 Ayerst Hostel closed due to lack of funds, and the property was transferred to the Catholic Church. [12] The founding master of St Edmund's House was Edmund Nolan, then vice-rector of St Edmund's College, Ware. [7]

Collegiate Status

Attempts to have St Edmund's House become a constituent college of the University of Cambridge were undertaken at various junctures, but were met in pre-ecumenical days by continuing opposition from the predominantly Protestant membership of the university’s governing Regent House. Among motives cited were that the college was not self-governing and its assets were held in trust by an external body, namely, the Catholic Church. [13]

The chapel was consecrated in 1916 by Cardinal Francis Bourne, Archbishop of Westminster. [14] A new dining hall was constructed in 1939 and the membership of the college increased steadily as it became a recognised House of Residence of the university, without college status.

In response to growing postgraduate student numbers in the early 1960s, the Regent House of the university established several Colleges primarily for postgraduate students, and St Edmund's House became one of the graduate Colleges in the University (the others being Wolfson College, Hughes Hall, Clare Hall and Darwin College). This spurred further progress regarding St Edmund's status within the University, and in 1965, the College was permitted to matriculate its own students and new fellows were elected. In 1975 St Edmund's acquired the status of an "Approved Foundation", and after the transfer of the College assets from the Catholic Church to the autonomous governing body comprising the Masters and Fellows of the College in 1986, the College changed its name from "St Edmund's House" to "St Edmund's College". It received university approval for full collegiate status in 1996, and this was confirmed by the grant of its royal charter in 1998. [15] [16] The college now accepts students of all faiths and none.

Allegations of Misconduct

Noah Carl racism controversy

St Edmund’s College faced backlash over its handling of Noah Carl's appointment, following revelations about his research promoting links between race, intelligence, and criminality. An investigation led to his dismissal, citing ethical and scholarly shortcomings. However, the college had failed to vet his background thoroughly and acted only under pressure from public protests [17] . The college dismissed Carl as there "There was a serious risk that Dr Carl’s appointment could lead, directly or indirectly, to the college being used as a platform to promote views that could incite racial or religious hatred, and bring the college into disrepute". [18] While the college maintained it upheld academic standards, its approach to the recruitment and eventual dismissal drew criticism for lack of transparency and effective oversight. [19]

Accusations of Hinduphobia

In March 2023, the college faced accusations of Hinduphobia after Hindu students were criticised for unintentionally colouring a statue during Holi. The CR president was forced by college fellows to issue an apology despite believing no harm was intended. The college was seen by many students to have overstepped their authority, by interfering with the CR’s independence, and to have alienated Hindu students at the college. [20]

Buildings and grounds

Norfolk Building

The Norfolk Building is the oldest building on site, dating back to 1896 as the former Ayerst Hostel; it provided accommodation for Edmund Nolan, the first Master of St Edmund's, along with the first four students of the college. [21] Known for its clean Gothic revival style, the building underwent a three-phase extension scheme designed by Roderick Gradidge in 1989, and now houses amenities including the Combination Room, Dining Hall, Kitchens and a Porter's office. [22]

College Chapel and Norfolk Building in the foreground with Okinaga Tower in the background Main Court, St Edmund's College.jpg
College Chapel and Norfolk Building in the foreground with Okinaga Tower in the background

Chapel

The chapel is a Grade II listed building designed by the architect Benedict Williamson CSSP and was consecrated by Cardinal Francis Bourne, Archbishop of Westminster in 1916. [14] Notable for its simplicity and Gothic Revival architecture, the chapel is a Catholic foundation, although it is open to members of other Christian denominations. [23] In 2003, a stained-glass window depicting the ministry of Saint Boniface of Crediton (c. 675 - 754 AD), the apostle to Germany, was donated by Stephen Frowen and blessed by Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor, Archbishop of Westminster. [23]

A bronze sculpture of the college patron, St Edmund of Abingdon, is located at the front of the chapel, his left hand holding a Bible. The statue is the work of Rodney Munday, an alumnus of St Edmund Hall, Oxford, and was commissioned by the College in 2007. [23] The Chapel Schola and Choir perform in concerts in collaboration with St Edmund Hall, Oxford and St Edmund's College, Ware in commemoration of their Patron Saint.

Expansion

St Edmund's continues to expand and develop its buildings. In 2000, a new residential building housing 50 students was opened, named after Richard Laws, one of the former Masters. In 2006, two new residential buildings, including rooms for 70 students as well as apartments for couples, were opened; these were named after the former Master of the College, Sir Brian Heap, and the former Vice-Master, Geoffrey Cook.

In 2016, major plans were announced for the development of two new courts and several buildings. It was planned that brick buildings would form the perimeter of two new courts and a new multi-million pound student centre will frame the west side of the College. The expansion plans received planning consent from Cambridge City Council in June 2017, but building work never started. [24] [ circular reference ]

Okinaga Tower

Created in 1993 by the bequest of the Teikyo Foundation, the Okinaga Tower is the college's tallest structure. Designed by architect Roderick Gradidge in 1989 it houses the Master's Lodge, as well as a suite with views of the city and was opened by Betty Boothroyd, Speaker of the House of Commons. [22]

Courts and other buildings

The Brian Heap, Richard Laws, Geoffrey Cook and the Luizo buildings were constructed to accommodate growing student numbers in the 2000s, with most buildings providing are student dormitories.

In 2019 the college constructed Mount Pleasant Halls, occupying the site of a substantial office block formerly on the site and giving St Edmund College a frontage to the main thoroughfare of Huntington Road.

The College Sporting Grounds is located west of the Richard Laws Building, and offers a full-sized football pitch for college sports and other outdoor activities.

White Cottage with Mount Pleasant Halls in the background White Cottage St Edmund's.jpg
White Cottage with Mount Pleasant Halls in the background

The College Orchard is south of the Sporting Grounds, and consists of a small lawn with 5 apple trees, outdoor seating, and a barbecue pit for students.

White Cottage is a modest 18th-century brick farmhouse which pre-dates the college buildings on the site and is painted white, situated adjacent to Mount Pleasant Halls against which it appears an incongruous survival. White Cottage was the first home of the Von Hugel Institute, a Catholic Institute for Critical Enquiry working in the fields of Christianity and society. The Institute was founded in 1987 to preserve the Roman Catholic legacy of the College when control of the College itself was ceded to its autonomous Governing Body in 1985 in order to achieve university collegiate status. [25]

Bene't House is a detached Edwardian house, south-east of the Norfolk Old Wing. Named after St Benedict of Nursia (c.480 - 547 AD), it has since 2018 contained the facilities and offices for the Von Hugel Institute. [25]

Academic profile

The full spectrum of academic subjects is represented in the college. The fellowship of the college represents many academic disciplines, spread across arts, humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, medicine, and veterinary medicine.

The college has one research institute attached to it: the Von Hügel Institute founded in 1987 to carry out research on Catholic Social Teaching. Describing itself as a 'Catholic Institute for Critical Enquiry' it works in the fields of Christianity and society, and seeks to preserve the Roman Catholic legacy of St Edmund's College when control of the College itself was ceded to its autonomous Governing Body in 1985 in order to achieve university collegiate status. [25] The Von Hügel Institute is therefore a link to the Roman Catholic origins of the college.

The overall examination results of the college's comparatively few undergraduates tend to be in the middle among the Cambridge colleges, with St Edmund's ranking 21st on the Tompkins table in 2018. [26]

Dining Hall StEdmundsDining.jpg
Dining Hall

Student life

The college is younger than some of the more traditional colleges of the university. Despite this St Edmund's maintains many ancient Cambridge traditions including formal hall, albeit with modifications. Fellows at most Cambridge and Oxford colleges dine at a "high table" (separately from the students); however, St Edmund's has no such division, allowing undergraduates, postgraduates and fellows to mix over dinner and other social activities[ citation needed ]. Unlike most mature and modern colleges, St Edmund's still requires students to wear their academic gowns during formal halls, ceremonies, and college occasions. The St Edmund's undergraduate gown is fashioned from distinctive black cloth with close detailing around the neck and sleeves. The robe may only be worn by members of St Edmund's College, Cambridge.

The college has a long sporting tradition, including the St Edmund's College Boat Club, the St Edmund's College Hockey Club (SECHC) and the St Edmund's College Cricket Club (SECCC). SECHC (merged with St Catherine's College Hockey Club) won 2024 Cuppers and SECCC reached the 2023 Cuppers finals. In recent years members have competed in varsity teams representing Cambridge against Oxford University in a wide variety of sports, most notably, at The Boat Race, The Varsity Match, [27] the University Match (hockey) and The University Match (cricket). [28] Punts are available to students in the spring and summer months.

On 15 September 2017, a team of four rowers from the college broke the World record for the 'Longest Continual Row' in the male 20-29 small team category by over an hour. [29] The following year, on 13 April 2018, a team of ten rowers from the college went on to set the British and World record for "One Million Meters" on the indoor rowing machine in the male 20-29 large team category. [30] [31]

People associated with the college

Alumni

Fellows

Honorary Fellows

List of Masters of St Edmund's College

St Edmund's House

St Edmund's College

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Colleges of the University of Cambridge</span>

The University of Cambridge is composed of 31 colleges in addition to the academic departments and administration of the central university. Until the mid-19th century, both Cambridge and Oxford comprised a group of colleges with a small central university administration, rather than universities in the common sense. Cambridge's colleges are communities of students, academics and staff – an environment in which generations and academic disciplines are able to mix, with both students and fellows experiencing "the breadth and excellence of a top University at an intimate level".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peterhouse, Cambridge</span> College of the University of Cambridge

Peterhouse is the oldest constituent college of the University of Cambridge in England, founded in 1284 by Hugh de Balsham, Bishop of Ely. Peterhouse has around 300 undergraduate and 175 graduate students, and 54 fellows.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St Edmund Hall, Oxford</span> College of the University of Oxford

St Edmund Hall is a constituent college of the University of Oxford. The college claims to be "the oldest surviving academic society to house and educate undergraduates in any university" and was the last surviving medieval academic hall at the university.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Selwyn College, Cambridge</span> College of the University of Cambridge

Selwyn College, Cambridge is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. The college was founded in 1882 by the Selwyn Memorial Committee in memory of George Augustus Selwyn (1809–1878), the first Bishop of New Zealand (1841–1868), and subsequently Bishop of Lichfield (1868–1878). Its main buildings consist of three courts built of stone and brick. There are several secondary buildings, including adjacent townhouses and lodges serving as student hostels on Grange Road, West Road and Sidgwick Avenue. The college has some 60 fellows and 110 non-academic staff.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trinity Hall, Cambridge</span> Constituent college of the University of Cambridge in England

Trinity Hall is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Magdalene College, Cambridge</span> College of the University of Cambridge

Magdalene College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. The college was founded in 1428 as a Benedictine hostel, in time coming to be known as Buckingham College, before being refounded in 1542 as the College of St Mary Magdalene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corpus Christi College, Cambridge</span> College of the University of Cambridge, founded 1352

Corpus Christi College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. From the late 14th century to the early 19th century it was also commonly known as St Benet's College.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St Catharine's College, Cambridge</span> College of the University of Cambridge

St Catharine's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Founded in 1473 as Katharine Hall, it adopted its current name in 1860. The college is nicknamed "Catz". The college is located in the historic city-centre of Cambridge, and lies just south of King's College and across the street from Corpus Christi College. The college is notable for its open court that faces towards Trumpington Street.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Friedrich von Hügel</span> Austrian Catholic layman & religious writer (1852-1925)

Friedrich von Hügel was an influential Austrian Catholic layman, religious writer, and Christian apologist. Although classified with Modernists due to his friendships with Alfred Loisy and George Tyrrell, von Hügel rejected the Modernist theory of belief.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Westcott House, Cambridge</span> Anglican theological college in the United Kingdom

Westcott House is an Anglican theological college based on Jesus Lane in the centre of the university city of Cambridge in the United Kingdom. Its main activity is training people for ordained ministry in the Church of England and other Anglican churches. Westcott House is a founding member of the Cambridge Theological Federation. The college is considered by many to be Liberal Catholic in its tradition, but it accepts ordinands from a range of traditions in the Church of England.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anatole von Hügel</span> Austrian anthropologist (1854–1928)

Anatole von Hügel was a son of an Austrian nobleman who lived in England and was curator of the Cambridge University Museum of Archaeology, 1883 – 1921.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge</span> University Museum in Cambridge

The Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, also known as MAA, at the University of Cambridge houses the university's collections of local antiquities, together with archaeological and ethnographic artefacts from around the world. The museum is located on the university's Downing Site, on the corner of Downing Street and Tennis Court Road. In 2013 it reopened following a major refurbishment of the exhibition galleries, with a new public entrance directly on to Downing Street.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blackfriars Hall</span>

Blackfriars Hall is a Roman Catholic permanent private hall of the University of Oxford. Unlike a college, a hall is owned and governed by an outside institution and not by its fellows. Although historically a centre for the study of theology and philosophy informed by the intellectual tradition of St Thomas Aquinas, it now admits men and women of any faith to a wide range of postgraduate degree programmes in the humanities and social sciences. The current Regent of Blackfriars is Fr. John O'Connor, O.P.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge</span> Constituent college of the University of Cambridge

Gonville and Caius College, often referred to simply as Caius, is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1348 by Edmund Gonville, it is the fourth-oldest of the University of Cambridge's 31 colleges and one of the wealthiest. In 1557, it was refounded by John Caius, an alumnus and English physician.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cambridge University Catholic Chaplaincy</span> Church in Cambridge, United Kingdom

The Cambridge University Catholic Chaplaincy, known as Fisher House after its patron the English martyr and Chancellor of Cambridge St John Fisher, is the Catholic Chaplaincy of the University of Cambridge in England. Founded in 1895, it has been on Guildhall Street, in Cambridge's city centre, since 1924. The Chaplain is Fr Paul Keane.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jesus College, Cambridge</span> Constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England

Jesus College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. The college's full name is The College of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Saint John the Evangelist and the glorious Virgin Saint Radegund, near Cambridge. Its common name comes from the name of its chapel, Jesus Chapel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Von Hügel Institute</span>

The Von Hügel Institute (VHI) is an academic research institute based at St Edmund's College, Cambridge, a constituent part of the University of Cambridge in England.

Sir Tom Richard Vaughan Phillips, is a diplomat who served as Commandant of the Royal College of Defence Studies from 2014 to 2018.

Hugel & Fils is a winery in Riquewihr, Alsace, France.

William Ayerst (1830–1904) was an English clergyman and missionary. He was born at Dantzig on 16 March 1830, the eldest son of William Ayerst, vicar of Egerton, Kent. He studied at King's College, London from 1847–9, and graduated from Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge with a B.A. in 1853, and an M.A. in 1856. After being ordained as a deacon in 1853 and priest in 1854, he was appointed to All Saints, Gordon Square (1853–5), St Paul's, Lisson Grove (1855–7), and St Giles in the Fields (1857–9).

References

  1. ↑ Shown here erroneously as French martlets gules
  2. ↑ University of Cambridge (6 March 2019). "Notice by the Editor". Cambridge University Reporter . 149 (Special No 5): 1. Retrieved 20 March 2019.
  3. ↑ "Accounts for the year ended 30 June 2019" (PDF). St Edmund's College, Cambridge. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
  4. ↑ Walker, Timea (21 January 2022). "St Edmund's College". www.undergraduate.study.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
  5. ↑ lr387@cam.ac.uk (15 January 2014). "Baron Anatole von Hügel – Von Hügel Institute". www.vhi.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 31 March 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  6. ↑ "St Edmund's College - University of Cambridge". www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
  7. 1 2 3 lr387@cam.ac.uk (15 January 2014). "Baron Anatole von Hügel – Von Hügel Institute". www.vhi.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 2 April 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  8. ↑ Evenett, H.O. Catholics and the Universities, 1850–1950.
  9. ↑ The Letters and Diaries of John Henry Newman. Vol. 23. Oxford University Press. 1973.
  10. 1 2 Couve de Murville, M.N.L.; Jenkins, Philip (1983). Catholic Cambridge . Catholic Truth Society. ISBN   0-85183-494-9.
  11. ↑ Evenett, H.O. (1946), "The Cambridge Prelude to 1895", The Dublin Review (437)
  12. ↑ E Leedham-Green 1996 A concise history of the University of Cambridge. Cambridge University Press: 171-2.
  13. ↑ Leader, Damian R. (April 1998). "A concise history of the University of Cambridge. By Elisabeth Leedham-Green. Pp. xiv+274 incl. endpapers, 45 plates and 5 figs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. £27.95 (cloth), £9.95 (paper). 0 521 43370 3; 0 521 43978 7". The Journal of Ecclesiastical History. 49 (2): 329–380. doi:10.1017/s0022046997435832. ISSN   0022-0469.
  14. 1 2 "St Edmund's College - University of Cambridge". www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
  15. ↑ "Development". www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
  16. ↑ "St Edmund's College Cambridge - Royal Charter - 1998" (PDF). www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
  17. ↑ Bradbury, Rosie; Cook, Joe. "Controversial research fellow Noah Carl dismissed by St Edmund's". Varsity Online.
  18. ↑ Adams, Richard (1 May 2019). "Cambridge college sacks researcher over links with far right". The Guardian.
  19. ↑ Bradbury, Rosie; Cook, Joe. "Controversial research fellow Noah Carl dismissed by St Edmund's". Varsity Online.
  20. ↑ Olsson, Erik. "Don't throw Holi paint on the Catholic Saint, Hindu students told". Varsity Online.
  21. ↑ "St Edmund's College - Origins". www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
  22. 1 2 "St Edmund's College - Modern Day". www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
  23. 1 2 3 "St Edmund's College - Chapel". www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
  24. ↑ St Edmund's College, Cambridge
  25. 1 2 3 lr387@cam.ac.uk (15 January 2014). "History – Von Hügel Institute". www.vhi.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 29 September 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  26. ↑ "Tompkins Table 2013: The Results". Cambridge.tab.co.uk. Archived from the original on 4 June 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
  27. ↑ "Instagram".
  28. ↑ "Hari Kukreja -".
  29. ↑ "St Edmund's College rowers break world record".
  30. ↑ "St Edmund's College - University of Cambridge".
  31. ↑ "World 100,000 Meters".
  32. ↑ Article in St Edmunds College Website
  33. ↑ Adams, Richard (1 May 2019). "Cambridge college sacks researcher over links with far right". The Guardian.

Further reading

52°12′46″N0°06′33″E / 52.2127°N 0.1093°E / 52.2127; 0.1093

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.