Texas Capitol View Corridors

Last updated

Preservation of View of State Capitol
Seal of Texas.svg
Texas Legislature
Citation "Preservation of View of State Capitol" (Texas Government Code § 3151.000)
Enacted byTexas Senate
EnactedMarch 24, 1983
Enacted byTexas House of Representatives
EnactedApril 21, 1983
Signed byGovernor Mark White
SignedMay 3, 1983
Effective May 3, 1983
Legislative history
First chamber: Texas Senate
Bill titleRelating to preservation of the view of the State Capitol from certain points and prohibition of certain construction.
Bill citation Tex. S.B. 176, 68th Leg., R.S. (1983).
Introduced by Lloyd Doggett
IntroducedJanuary 17, 1983
First reading January 17, 1983
Second reading March 24, 1983
Third reading March 24, 1983
Second chamber: Texas House of Representatives
Bill titleTex. S.B. 176, 68th Leg., R.S. (1983).
Received from the Texas SenateMarch 28, 1983
Member in ChargeGerald Hill
First readingApril 5, 1983
Second readingApril 21, 1983
Third readingApril 21, 1983
Amended by
Tex. H.B. 2812, 77th Leg., R.S. (2001).
Tex. H.B. 2256, 83rd Leg., R.S. (2013).
Status: In force

The Capitol View Corridors are a series of legal restrictions on construction in Austin, Texas, aimed at preserving protected views of the Texas State Capitol from various points around the city. First established by the Texas Legislature in 1983 and recodified in 2001, the corridors are meant to protect the capitol dome from obstruction by high-rise buildings. While supported by cultural and historical preservation organizations, the corridors have also been criticized for limiting the potential for the development of new tall structures in downtown Austin.

Contents

History

In 1931, the City of Austin, aiming to preserve the visual preeminence of the 303-foot (92 m) Texas State Capitol, enacted a local ordinance limiting the height of new buildings to a maximum of 200 feet (61 m). From that time until the early 1960s, only the University of Texas Main Building Tower was built higher than the limit, using an exception allowing for additional height with a greater setback. On November 10, 1962, the Austin Statesman announced that real-estate developers were planning a new high-rise residential building adjacent to the Capitol called the Westgate Tower. [1] The proposed design for the tower was 261 feet (80 m) tall, significantly exceeding the city's height limit, although it compensated with a setback for the upper portion. [2]

The prospect of so tall a structure so close to the Capitol met with significant hostility as plans proceeded. In January 1963, Texas Governor Price Daniel voiced his opposition to the proposed tower in his final address to the Texas Legislature. [1] Resistance continued as construction progressed, with State Representative Henry Grover of Houston introducing a bill to condemn the property in February 1965, [3] which was defeated in March in the Texas House of Representatives by only two votes. [4] The Westgate was completed in 1966, but the controversy over the preservation of the Capitol's visual presence that dogged its construction continued to grow. [1]

The Westgate was followed by even taller structures: first the 307-foot (94 m) Dobie Center (designed in 1968), and then a series of ever larger downtown bank towers, culminating in the 395-foot (120 m) One American Center (designed in 1982). [1] In January 1983, inspired by the Westgate and these other structures, State Senator Lloyd Doggett and State Representative Gerald Hill introduced Senate Bill 176, "Relating to preservation of the view of the State Capitol from certain points and prohibition of certain construction." This bill proposed a list of protected "Capitol View Corridors" along which construction would not be permitted, so as to create protected views from a series of points around Austin. [5]

The bill passed through the Texas Senate and House of Representatives in early 1983, ultimately being signed into law on May 3, 1983, and coming into effect immediately. [6] It was later recodified in 2001 by House Bill 2812, which established the current version of the statute in the Texas Government Code Chapter 3151, entitled "Preservation of View of State Capitol". This code defines the thirty state-protected viewing corridors and prohibits any construction that would intersect one of them. [7] In 1985 the City of Austin adopted a corresponding Capitol View Protection Ordinance, [8] so that the majority of the corridors are protected under the Austin Code of Ordinances Chapter 25-2 Appendix A, entitled "Boundaries of the Capitol View Corridors", as well as under state law. [9]

Amendments and additions

The protected capitol terminating vista along Congress Avenue S Congress Ave Austin TX.jpeg
The protected capitol terminating vista along Congress Avenue

The state legislation defining the corridors was amended in 2001 and 2003 to accommodate a series of public development projects, including the redevelopment of the defunct Mueller Airport and an expansion of Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium, [10] and again in 2013 to clarify the relationship between the state and city codes. [11]

In 2007, the Austin City Council asked the Downtown Commission to review the existing corridors and propose updates or modifications. The commission's final report, delivered on June 27, 2007, recommended that eleven of the thirty corridors be reconsidered or modified. [10] Six of the recommended changes were to correct technical errors in the statute or to bring the city and state laws into agreement, and two were to update the laws to reflect portions of the corridors that were already obstructed. [12] The other four recommendations were more controversial, attracting opposition from the city's Parks and Recreation Board, [13] the Heritage Society of Austin, [14] and others; no changes were ultimately made. [15]

In February 2017, the Austin City Council considered a proposal from Council Member Ora Houston to designate additional protected viewing corridors in east Austin. [16] The proposal was provisionally approved by council on February 16, after an amendment removed one of the five proposed new corridors; [17] that corridor was later restored to the proposal on March 2. [18] As of 2021, city staff are reviewing the proposed additional corridors for feasibility. [19]

Impact on development

The 360 Condominiums Tower has a setback to avoid obstructing a Capitol View Corridor. 360Condos-Aug2009.JPG
The 360 Condominiums Tower has a setback to avoid obstructing a Capitol View Corridor.

Since their creation, the Capital View Corridors have been a frequent focus of conflict among various groups in Austin and in the Texas government. On one hand, cultural conservation and historical preservation organizations have generally supported the restrictions, arguing that the capitol views form an important part of Austin's cultural heritage and are threatened by the city's growth and land development. [20] [21] On the other hand, both private and public entities looking to build in Austin (especially downtown) have expressed concern about the corridors' impact on investment, on property tax receipts, and on the supply of jobs and housing. [16] [22]

A number of high-rise buildings in central Austin have been designed with diagonal floor plans to avoid obstructing a viewing corridor, such as the Fifth & West Residences Tower; other towers suddenly become narrower when they reach the height of a viewing plane, like the 360 Condominiums Tower. [19] Some major civic development projects have received exemptions from the corridor protections, including the redevelopment of the former Mueller Airport and the expansion of the University of Texas football stadium; [10] in other cases, structures already completed have been condemned and rebuilt because of the corridors, including a newly built water intake facility for the Waller Creek Tunnel. [23] Low-lying corridors prevent essentially all construction on certain blocks downtown. [10] [24]

Corridors

The Capitol View Corridors (in orange) radiate outward from the Capitol dome across Greater Austin. Texas CVC Map.png
The Capitol View Corridors (in orange) radiate outward from the Capitol dome across Greater Austin.

A Capitol View Corridor is a quadrilateral that links a line segment somewhere in Greater Austin to the base of the capitol dome. No structure is permitted to be built in a manner that would intersect the viewing corridor and thus obstruct the protected view of the Capitol. As of 2021, state law defines thirty Capitol View Corridors in Austin, while municipal code defines twenty-six protected corridors, twenty-one of which are identical to state-defined corridors and five of which differ slightly from five of the state corridors. Many of the corridors protect stationary or pedestrian views, and others protect vehicular views from roadways (some corridors protect both). The corridors have an average length of around 1.5 miles (2.4 km); the shortest runs for 1,700 feet (520 m) to Waterloo Park, and the longest runs 5.7 miles (9.2 km) to a scenic overlook in West Lake Hills. [10]

Existing corridors

As of 2021, state law defines thirty Capitol View Corridors in Austin, while municipal code defines twenty-six protected corridors, twenty-one of which are identical to state-defined corridors and five of which differ slightly from five of the state corridors. [10]

NumberNameViewpointType of viewLengthImage
1South Mall of The University of TexasSouth Mall of the University of Texas campusStationary3,800 feet (1,200 m) Texas Capitol Dome from UT South Mall 2020.jpg
2Waterloo ParkSidewalk along the east edge of Waterloo Park Stationary1,700 feet (520 m) Texas Capitol Dome East Side Waterloo Park 2020.jpg
3Wooldridge ParkSouth edge of Wooldridge Park Stationary1,900 feet (580 m) Wooldridge Park 20160904164457.jpg
4French LegationFront porch of the French Legation Stationary, Dramatic Glimpse3,800 feet (1,200 m) FrenchLegation Capitol View.JPG
5Lamar Bridge Lamar Boulevard Bridge over Lady Bird Lake Threshold1.2 miles (1.9 km) Texas Capitol Dome from South Side Lamar Bridge 2020.jpg
6South Congress at East Live OakAlong Congress Avenue to the capitol terminating vista Sustained Approach2.4 miles (3.9 km) S Congress Ave Austin TX.jpeg
7MoPac Bridge MoPac Expressway bridge over Lady Bird Lake [a] Threshold1.9 miles (3.1 km)
8South Lamar at La Casa DriveNorthbound lanes of south Lamar Boulevard Threshold3.0 miles (4.8 km) CVC - South Lamar.jpg
9Barton Creek Pedestrian BridgeBarton Creek Bridge on the Ann and Roy Butler Hike-and-Bike Trail in Zilker Park [b] Dramatic Glimpse1.6 miles (2.6 km)
10Pleasant Valley Road at Lakeshore DriveEast end of Longhorn Shores park on the south shore of Lady Bird LakeStationary2.6 miles (4.2 km)
11East 11th Street ThresholdEast 11th Street's elevated crossing over Interstate 35 Threshold3,300 feet (1,000 m) CVC - 11th Street Threshold.jpg
12Northbound Lanes of Interstate Highway 35 Between the Municipal Police and Courts Building and West 10th StreetA segment of the northbound lanes of I-35 southeast of the capitol [c] Dramatic Glimpse3,100 feet (940 m)
13Southbound Lanes of the Upper Deck of Interstate Highway 35 Between Concordia College and the Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard OverpassA segment of the elevated southbound lanes of I-35 northeast of the capitolSustained Approach1.0 mile (1.6 km)
14Northbound Lanes of Interstate Highway 35 Between Waller Creek Plaza and the Municipal Police and Courts BuildingA segment of the northbound lanes of Interstate 35 southeast of the capitolDramatic Glimpse3,900 feet (1,200 m)
15Northbound Lanes of Interstate Highway 35 Between 3rd Street and Waller Creek PlazaA segment of the northbound lanes of Interstate 35 southeast of the capitolSustained Approach4,800 feet (1,500 m)
16East 7th Street Bridge over the Texas and New Orleans RailroadEast 7th Street's elevated bridge over the Texas and New Orleans Railroad tracksSustained Approach2.4 miles (3.9 km) Texas Capitol Dome from East 7th Street 2021.jpg
17Longhorn ShoresSouth edge of Longhorn Shores park on the south shore of Lady Bird Lake [d] Stationary2.2 miles (3.5 km)
18Zilker ClubhousePlaza in front of the Zilker Clubhouse in Zilker ParkStationary2.1 miles (3.4 km)
19Redbud TrailA hill crest along Redbud Trail in West Lake Hills, Texas [e] Threshold3.4 miles (5.5 km)
20Enfield RoadEastbound lanes of Enfield RoadThreshold, Sustained Approach4,800 feet (1,500 m) Texas Capitol Dome from Enfield Road 2020.jpg
21Capital of Texas HighwayA scenic overlook on the east side of Capital of Texas Highway in West Lake Hills, TexasStationary, Dramatic Glimpse5.7 miles (9.2 km) Austinskyline.JPG
2238th Street at Red RiverSouthbound lanes of Red River Street around its intersection with 38th Street [f] Sustained Approach1.8 miles (2.9 km)
23Robert Mueller AirportBase of the old air traffic control tower at the former Mueller Airport [g] Stationary2.7 miles (4.3 km)
24Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard at Interstate Highway 35Westbound lanes of Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard at its intersection with I-35Threshold3,500 feet (1,100 m) Texas Capitol Dome from MLK Blvd and IH35.jpg
25Oakwood CemeteryComal Street as it runs through Oakwood Cemetery Stationary5,000 feet (1,500 m) Oakwood Cemetery Austin Texas 2018.jpg
26East 12th Street at Interstate Highway 35East 12th Street's elevated crossing over I-35Threshold3,100 feet (940 m) CVC - 12th Street Threshold.jpg
27Lyndon Baines Johnson LibraryTerrace of the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum on the University of Texas campus [f] [h] Stationary1.0 mile (1.6 km)
28North Congress Avenue at Martin Luther King, Jr. BoulevardNorth Congress Avenue from its intersection with Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard at the southern edge of the University of Texas campus [h] Stationary2,300 feet (700 m) Capitol Complex Project Phase I Austin 2020.jpg
29Field Level of the Memorial Stadium Practice CenterPractice field to the south of Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium on the University of Texas campus [h] Stationary3,600 feet (1,100 m)
30Entrance Terrace to the University of Texas Swim CenterTerrace of the Lee and Joe Jamail Texas Swimming Center on the University of Texas campus [h] Stationary2,900 feet (880 m) Texas Capitol Dome from UT Swim Center 2020.jpg

[a] ^ The state and city definitions of this corridor disagree, with the state defining a longer section of the bridge as the protected viewpoint.

[b] ^ The state and city definitions of this corridor disagree, with the state defining a point just downstream from the bridge as the protected viewpoint.

[c] ^ The state and city definitions of this corridor disagree, with the city defining a longer section of the highway as the protected viewpoint.

[d] ^ The state and city definitions of this corridor disagree, with the state defining a wider protected viewpoint, slightly farther north (closer to the lake).

[e] ^ The state and city definitions of this corridor disagree, with the city defining a wider protected viewpoint.

[f] ^ This corridor was partially obstructed by the addition of an upper seating deck to the east side of Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium.

[g] ^ Redevelopment of the airport has been exempted from compliance with this viewing corridor.

[h] ^ This corridor is defined only under state law (not under city ordinance).

Additional proposed corridors

In February 2017, the Austin City Council considered a proposal to designate additional protected viewing corridors in east Austin. [16] The proposal was provisionally approved by council on February 16, after an amendment removed one of the five proposed new corridors; [25] that corridor was later restored to the proposal on March 2. [26] As of 2020, city staff are reviewing the proposed additional corridors for feasibility. [27]

NumberNameViewpointType of viewLengthImage
1Rosewood Park and Thompson StreetThompson Street across Rosewood Park Threshold1.9 miles (3.1 km) Texas Capitol Dome from Thompson Street 2021.jpg
2Lott ParkLott ParkStationary3,500 feet (1,100 m)
3Texas State CemeteryA hillside within the Texas State Cemetery Stationary1.1 miles (1.8 km)
4Juniper and NavasotaIntersection of Juniper Street and Navasota StreetThreshold4,600 feet (1,400 m) CVC - Juniper & Navasota.jpg
5Huston–Tillotson UniversityJackson Moody Building on the Huston–Tillotson University campusStationary1.3 miles (2.1 km)

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Austin, Texas</span> Capital city of Texas

Austin is the capital city of the U.S. state of Texas, as well as the seat and most populous city of Travis County, with portions extending into Hays and Williamson counties. Incorporated on December 27, 1839, it is the 10th most populous city in the United States, the fourth most populous city in Texas, and the second most populous state capital city. It has been one of the fastest growing large cities in the United States since 2010. Downtown Austin and Downtown San Antonio are approximately 80 miles (129 km) apart, and both fall along the Interstate 35 corridor. This combined metropolitan region of San Antonio–Austin has approximately 5 million people. Austin is the southernmost state capital in the contiguous United States and is considered a Beta-level global city as categorized by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Texas State Capitol</span> State capitol of the U.S. state of Texas

The Texas State Capitol is the capitol and seat of government of the American state of Texas. Located in downtown Austin, Texas, the structure houses the offices and chambers of the Texas Legislature and of the Governor of Texas. Designed in 1881 by architect Elijah E. Myers, it was constructed from 1882 to 1888 under the direction of civil engineer Reuben Lindsay Walker. A $75 million underground extension was completed in 1993. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970 and recognized as a National Historic Landmark in 1986.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum</span> Presidential library and museum in Austin, Texas

The Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum, also known as the LBJ Presidential Library, is the presidential library and museum of Lyndon Baines Johnson, the 36th president of the United States (1963–1969). It is located on the grounds of the University of Texas at Austin, and is one of 13 presidential libraries administered by the National Archives and Records Administration. The LBJ Library houses 45 million pages of historical documents, including the papers of President Johnson and those of his close associates and others.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Protected view</span> Scenic views not allowed to be blocked

A protected view or protected vista is the legal requirement within urban planning to preserve the view of a specific place or historic building from another location. The effect of a protected view is to limit the height of new buildings within or adjacent to the sightline between the two places so as to preserve the ability to see the landmark as a focus of the view. The protection may also cover the area behind the place or building concerned.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Texas State Highway Loop 1</span> Highway in Texas

Loop 1 is a freeway which provides access to the west side of Austin in the U.S. state of Texas. It is named Mopac Expressway after the Missouri Pacific Railroad. Local residents almost always use the name "MoPac" rather than calling the road by its number, which can cause much confusion, for few signs along the road use this name.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Congress Avenue Historic District</span> Historic district in Texas, United States

Congress Avenue is a major thoroughfare in Austin, Texas. The street is a six-lane, tree lined avenue that cuts through the middle of the city from far south Austin and goes over Lady Bird Lake leading to the Texas State Capitol in the heart of Downtown.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Capital MetroRail</span> Commuter rail in Texas

Capital MetroRail is a hybrid rail system that serves the Greater Austin area in Texas and is owned by Capital Metro, Austin's primary public transportation provider. The Red Line is Capital Metro's first and currently only rail line, and connects Downtown Austin with Austin's northwestern suburbs. The line operates on 32 miles (51 km) of existing freight tracks, and serves nine stations. After a series of delays, Capital MetroRail was inaugurated in March 2010. Capital Metro added Friday evening and Saturday afternoon and evening regularly scheduled service on March 23, 2012. In 2022, the line had a ridership of 466,800, or about 1,500 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lee and Joe Jamail Texas Swimming Center</span>

The Lee and Joe Jamail Texas Swimming Center is an aquatics facility at the University of Texas at Austin in the USA. It is home to the university's swimming and diving teams, a variety of university-offered swimming and scuba-diving classes, as well as Longhorn Aquatics, a youth program. The facility also hosts the annual State high school championships in swimming and diving, run by the University Interscholastic League.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oakwood Cemetery (Austin, Texas)</span> Historic cemetery in Travis County, Texas

Oakwood Cemetery, originally called City Cemetery, is the oldest city-owned cemetery in Austin, Texas. Situated on a hill just east of I-35 that overlooks downtown Austin, just north of the Swedish Hill Historic District and south of Disch-Falk Field, the once-isolated site is now in the center of the city.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">French Legation, Texas</span> United States historic place

The French Legation is a historic legation building in eastern Austin, Texas, built in 1841 to represent the French government in the new Republic of Texas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wooldridge Park</span> Historic urban park in Austin, Texas

Wooldridge Park, also known as Wooldridge Square, is an urban park in downtown Austin, Texas. The park consists of a city block containing a natural basin whose sides slope inward to form an amphitheater with a bandstand at its center. The park was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">360 Condominiums</span> High-rise condominium in Austin Texas

The 360 Residential Condominiums skyscraper is located in Downtown Austin, Texas at 360 Nueces Street. The building itself stands 581 ft (177 m) tall with 44 floors, 430 condos, and over 14,000 sq ft (1,300 m2) of retail space. The building topped out in November 2007, and construction was officially completed on May 22, 2008. 360 Condominiums was the tallest building in Austin from January 15, 2008 to June 29, 2009 when The Austonian surpassed it. The tower also became the tallest residential tower in Texas, surpassing The Merc in Dallas before the Austonian also took that title. Currently, it is the fourth tallest building in Austin after The Independent, The Austonian, and the Fairmont Austin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Downtown Austin</span> Neighborhood in Austin, Texas

Downtown Austin is the central business district of Austin, Texas, United States. The area of the district is bound by Lamar Boulevard to the west, Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard to the north, Interstate 35 to the east, and Lady Bird Lake to the south.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Mueller Municipal Airport</span> Former airport that served Austin, Texas, United States (1930—1999)

Robert Mueller Municipal Airport(IATA: AUS, ICAO: KAUS, FAA LID: AUS) was the first civilian airport built in Austin, Texas, United States. It was located a few miles northeast of downtown Austin. It was replaced as Greater Austin's main airport by the Austin–Bergstrom International Airport, which is located on the site of the former Bergstrom Air Force Base. The airport was named after Robert Mueller, a city commissioner who died in office in January 1927. Robert Mueller Municipal Airport was identified with the airport code AUS, which was reassigned to Austin–Bergstrom International Airport in 1999.

East Riverside-Oltorf is a neighborhood in Austin, Texas, located southeast of the city's urban core. The East Riverside, Parker Lane, and Pleasant Valley neighborhoods together form the East Riverside-Oltorf Combined Neighborhood Planning Area. The region is bounded on the north by Lake Lady Bird, to the east by Grove Boulevard and the Montopolis neighborhood, Texas State Highway 71 to the south, and Interstate 35 and South River City to the west.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Society for the Preservation of Downtown Los Angeles</span> Non profit advocacy organization

Society for the Preservation of Downtown Los Angeles, also known as SP-DTLA, is a 501(c)(3) organization that advocates what it characterizes as responsible and respectful development around and among Downtown Los Angeles' historic structures. SP-DTLA supports development with a positive impact on the designated Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments in Downtown Los Angeles, especially those in the Historic Core.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Westgate Tower</span> Historic structure in Austin, Texas

The Westgate Tower is a mixed-use high-rise building in downtown Austin, Texas. The twenty-six-story 261-foot (80 m) tower block was designed in 1962 and completed in 1966; its name reflects its location across the street from the west gate of the Texas State Capitol. Designed by architect Edward Durell Stone, the tower was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2010 and designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 2012.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greg Casar</span> American politician (born 1989)

Gregorio Eduardo Casar is an American politician who is the member for Texas's 35th congressional district in the United States Congress since 2023. He served as a member of the Austin City Council from the 4th district from 2015 to 2022. Casar is a member of the Democratic Party and was endorsed by the Working Families Party in his run for Congress. Casar is an unendorsed member of the Democratic Socialists of America. He was first elected to the Austin City Council in 2014, and reelected in 2016 and 2020. He was elected to Congress in 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1928 Austin city plan</span> Plan commissioned by Austin City Council

The 1928 Austin city plan was commissioned in 1927 by the City Council of Austin, Texas. It was developed by consulting firm Koch & Fowler, which presented the final proposal early the next year. The major recommendations of this city plan related to Austin's street plan, its zoning code, and the development of major industries and civic features, but it is most remembered for institutionalizing housing segregation by designating East Austin as the city's negro district.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Zoning Change Review Sheet". City of Austin. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  2. ↑ "Biggest Building Due". Austin American . July 20, 1962.
  3. ↑ "Condemnation of Apartment near Capitol Sought". Houston Chronicle . February 11, 1965.
  4. ↑ Hearne, David (March 24, 1965). "Westgate Foes Barely Beaten". Austin Statesman .
  5. ↑ "Background on the Capitol View Corridors Issue" (PDF). Preservation Austin. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 6, 2018.
  6. ↑ "SB 176, 68th Regular Session". Legislative Reference Library. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  7. ↑ "Government Code Chapter 3151. Preservation of View of State Capitol". Texas Constitution and Statutes. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  8. ↑ "Capitol View Protection Ordinance Records". Texas Archival Resources Online. University of Texas at Austin . Retrieved December 15, 2020.
  9. ↑ "Appendix A.: Boundaries of the Capitol View Corridors". Municode Library. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Downtown Development and Capitol View Corridors" (PDF). Downtown Austin Commission. June 27, 2007. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  11. ↑ "83(R) History for HB2256". Texas Legislature. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  12. ↑ Gregor, Katherine (April 13, 2007). "Revisiting the Capitol View Corridors: Where's the View?". The Austin Chronicle . Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  13. ↑ Gregor, Katherine (August 17, 2007). "Developing Stories". The Austin Chronicle . Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  14. ↑ Gregor, Katherine (June 1, 2007). "Developing Stories: The Long Capitol View". The Austin Chronicle . Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  15. ↑ Pritchard, Caleb (April 13, 2018). "What Can You Do With a Block With a View? In Downtown Austin, Not Much". Towers. Retrieved November 29, 2021.
  16. 1 2 3 Hicks, Nolan; Novak, Shonda (February 15, 2017). "City Council considers expanding Capitol view corridors in East Austin". Austin American-Statesman . Archived from the original on July 20, 2021.
  17. ↑ Craver, Jack (February 17, 2017). "Council approves resolution aimed at creating more Capitol View Corridors". Austin Monitor. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  18. ↑ Neely, Christopher (March 2, 2017). "Approved Capitol View Corridor study could impact development of Central Health's Brackenridge Campus". Community Impact Newspaper . Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  19. 1 2 Hasan, Syeda (February 1, 2018). "How Do Capitol View Corridors Preserve Sights Of Austin's Most Famous Building?". KUT . Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  20. ↑ "Texas Capitol View Corridors". Preservation Texas. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  21. ↑ "Capitol View Corridors". Preservation Austin. Archived from the original on November 15, 2017.
  22. ↑ McGlinchy, Audrey (February 16, 2017). "Capitol view corridors to compete at Council today". Austin Monitor. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  23. ↑ Goudeau, Ashley (May 12, 2016). "City Council approves $7.5M for Waller Creek Tunnel project". KVUE . Retrieved December 15, 2020.
  24. ↑ "Travis County: Block 126 Redevelopment" (PDF). Urban Land Institute . September 20, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2020.
  25. ↑ Craver, Jack (February 17, 2017). "Council approves resolution aimed at creating more Capitol View Corridors". Austin Monitor. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
  26. ↑ Neely, Christopher (March 2, 2017). "Approved Capitol View Corridor study could impact development of Central Health's Brackenridge Campus". Community Impact Newspaper . Retrieved November 10, 2017.
  27. ↑ Hasan, Syeda (February 1, 2018). "How Do Capitol View Corridors Preserve Sights Of Austin's Most Famous Building?". KUT . Retrieved 1 February 2018.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.