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The discus throw, also known as disc throw, is a track and field event in which an athlete throws a heavy disc—called a discus—in an attempt to mark a farther distance than their competitors. It is an ancient sport, as demonstrated by the fifth-century-BC Myron statue Discobolus. Although not part of the current pentathlon, it was one of the events of the ancient Greek pentathlon, which can be dated back to at least 708 BC, and it is part of the modern decathlon.
The javelin throw is a track and field event where the javelin, a spear about 2.5 m in length, is thrown as far as possible. The javelin thrower gains momentum by running within a predetermined area. Javelin throwing is an event of both the men's decathlon and the women's heptathlon.
The shot put is a track and field event involving "putting" (throwing) a heavy spherical ball—the shot—as far as possible. For men, the sport has been a part of the modern Olympics since their revival (1896), and women's competition began in 1948.
Athletics is a group of sporting events that involves competitive running, jumping, throwing, and walking. The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field, road running, cross-country running, and racewalking.
The decathlon is a combined event in athletics consisting of ten track and field events. The word "decathlon" was formed, in analogy to the word "pentathlon", from Greek δέκα and ἄθλος. Events are held over two consecutive days and the winners are determined by the combined performance in all. Performance is judged on a points system in each event, not by the position achieved. The decathlon is contested mainly by male athletes, while female athletes typically compete in the heptathlon.
Track and field is a sport that includes athletic contests based on running, jumping, and throwing skills. The name is derived from where the sport takes place, a running track and a grass field for the throwing and some of the jumping events. Track and field is categorized under the umbrella sport of athletics, which also includes road running, cross country running and racewalking.
A pentathlon is a contest featuring five events. The name is derived from Greek: combining the words pente (five) and -athlon (competition). The first pentathlon was documented in Ancient Greece and was part of the Ancient Olympic Games. Five events were contested over one day for the Ancient Olympic pentathlon, starting with the long jump, javelin throwing, and discus throwing, followed by the stadion and wrestling. Pentathletes were considered to be among the most skilled athletes, and their training was often part of military service—each of the five events in the pentathlon was thought to be useful in war or battle.
Two sports have events that fall under the name of weight throw one being the track and field event and the other being the Scottish highland games events.
Masters athletics is a class of the sport of athletics for athletes of over 35 years of age. The events include track and field, road running and cross country running. Competitors are bracketed into five-year age groups. For international events the first age group is 35 to 39. Men as old as 105 and women in their 100s have competed in running, jumping and throwing events. Masters athletes are sometimes known as "veterans" and the European Masters Championships, for instance, is known as "Eurovets". This and other high level events including biennial World Championships cater largely to elite-level athletes, but many masters athletes are novices to athletics and enjoy the camaraderie offered by masters competition at the local, National and International level. Most National governing bodies for track and field hold annual Masters championships. Prestigious National meets such as the Penn Relays and the United States Olympic Trials put on exhibition events for top masters athletes. Masters athletics is growing Internationally with over 6000 athletes competing at recent World Championships. World; National and Regional records are maintained for each age group.
The Central American and Caribbean (CAC) Age Group Championships is an international track and field athletics event for the youngest athletes organized by the Central American and Caribbean Athletic Confederation (CACAC). The CAC Age Group Championships started in 1985 in Curaçao and are held every two years. The intention was for athletes at that age to have experiences with a variety of events at that young age. It has witnessed the international debut of many future stars of the region such as Olympic and World Championship medalist Debbie Ferguson of the Bahamas and 2003 World 100m champion Kim Collins of St Kitts and Nevis.
Combined track and field events are competitions in which athletes participate in a number of track and field events, earning points for their performance in each event, which adds to a total points score. Outdoors, the most common combined events are the men's decathlon and the women's heptathlon. Due to stadium limitations, indoor combined events competition have a reduced number of events, resulting in the men's heptathlon and the women's pentathlon. Athletes are allocated points based on an international-standard points scoring system, such as the decathlon scoring table. Other longer combined events do exist, such as the icosathlon for men and the tetradecathlon for women. Indoors, both men and women compete in the tetradecathlon, with slightly different events to the women's outdoor version.
Combined events at the Summer Olympics have been contested in several formats at the multi-sport event. There are two combined track and field events in the current Olympic athletics programme: a men's decathlon and a women's heptathlon.
Carmelo Rado is an Italian athletics competitor. He competed for his native country in the discus throw at the 1960 Olympics held in his home country, finishing in seventh place. He also competed in the 1962 European Athletics Championships.
Galina Kovalenskaya is a Russian Masters track and field athlete. She is the former W75 World Record holder in the shot put. Her record of 8.93 m was retired as the farthest outdoor mark with the 3 kg implement; the age division now throws a 2 kg implement. Her distance was surpassed by former Olympian Rosemary Chrimes indoors with 9.21, but World Masters Athletics do not accept indoor marks as equal to outdoor marks. At the 2010 World Indoor Masters Championships in Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada, she also set the W75 World Indoor Record in the weight throw.
In the sport of athletics, pentathlons have taken various forms over the history of the sport, typically incorporating five track and field events. The only version of the event to remain at a high level of contemporary competition is the women's indoor pentathlon, which is present on the programme for the World Athletics Indoor Championships.
References
- ↑ "Friidrottsstatistik". www.friidrottsstatistik.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 9 October 2023.
- ↑ "Records Outdoor Men". Archived from the original on 2011-09-03. Retrieved 2011-09-03.
- ↑ "Records Outdoor Women". Archived from the original on 2012-01-11. Retrieved 2012-01-11.
- ↑ "Oceania Throws Pentathlon Challenge". Archived from the original on 2014-06-06. Retrieved 2014-06-04.
- 1 2 "usatfmasters.org - Combined Events". www.usatfmasters.org. Archived from the original on 2010-04-09.
- ↑ "UK Throws Pentathlon Records". Archived from the original on 2015-04-02.
- ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-01-22. Retrieved 2013-05-06.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "Combined Events scoring".
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