Racewalking

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Race walking
1987WorldCupTrials.jpg
Race walkers at the U.S. World Cup Trials in 1987
Presence
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Olympic Yes

Race walking, or racewalking, is a long-distance discipline within the sport of athletics. Although a foot race, it is different from running in that one foot must appear to be in contact with the ground at all times. Race judges carefully assess that this is maintained throughout the race. Typically held on either roads or running tracks, common distances range from 3,000 metres (1.9 mi) up to 100 kilometres (62.1 mi).

Contents

There are two race walking distances contested at the Summer Olympics: the 20 kilometres race walk (men and women) and 50 kilometres race walk (men only). [1] Both are held as road events. The biennial World Athletics Championships also featured these two events, in addition to a 50 km walk for women, until 2019. The 50 km race walk was replaced by the 35 kilometres race walk as standard championship discipline in 2022. The IAAF World Race Walking Cup, first held in 1961, is a stand-alone global competition for the discipline and it has 10 kilometres race walks for junior athletes, in addition to the Olympic-standard events. The IAAF World Indoor Championships featured 5000 m and 3000 m race walk variations, but these were discontinued after 1993. Top-level athletics championships and games typically feature 20 km racewalking events.

The sport emerged from a British culture of long-distance competitive walking known as pedestrianism, which began to develop the ruleset that is the basis of the modern discipline around the mid-19th century. Since the mid-20th century onwards, Russian and Chinese athletes have been among the most successful on the global stage, with Europe and parts of Latin America producing most of the remaining top-level walkers. However, it has been particularly affected by doping, with many Russian world and Olympic champions testing positive for banned performance-enhancing drugs. [2] [3]

Compared to other forms of foot racing, stride length is reduced; to achieve competitive speeds racewalkers must attain cadence rates comparable to those achieved by world-class 800-1,500 metre runners. [4]

Rules

Men's 20 km walk during the 2005 World Championships in Athletics in Helsinki, Finland. The walker at the right appears to be illegal in that both feet are off the ground, but according to the current rules, an infraction is only committed when the loss of contact is visible to the human eye. 2005 World Championships in Athletics2.jpg
Men's 20 km walk during the 2005 World Championships in Athletics in Helsinki, Finland. The walker at the right appears to be illegal in that both feet are off the ground, but according to the current rules, an infraction is only committed when the loss of contact is visible to the human eye.

There are only two rules that govern race walking. [6] [7] The first dictates that the athlete's back toe cannot leave the ground until the heel of the front foot has touched. Violation of this rule is known as loss of contact. The second rule requires that the supporting leg must straighten from the point of contact with the ground and remain straightened until the body passes directly over it. These rules are judged by the unaided human eye. Athletes regularly lose contact for a few milliseconds per stride, which can be caught on film, but such a short flight phase is said to be undetectable to the human eye. [5]

Athletes stay low to the ground by keeping their arms pumping low, close to their hips. If one sees a racewalker's shoulders rising, it may be a sign that the athlete is losing contact with the ground. What appears to be an exaggerated swivel to the hip is, in fact, a full rotation of the pelvis. Athletes aim to move the pelvis forward and to minimize sideways motion in order to achieve maximum forward propulsion. Speed is achieved by stepping quickly with the aim of rapid turnover. This minimizes the risk of the feet leaving the ground. Strides are short and quick, with pushoff coming forward from the ball of the foot, again to minimize the risk of losing contact with the ground. World-class race walkers (male and female) can average under 4 and 5 minutes per kilometre in a 20 km race walk (12 to 15 kilometers per hour or 7.5 to 9 miles per hour). [8]

Distances

Shaul Ladany (centre), in 1969 Flickr - Government Press Office (GPO) - The Winners of the 10,000 M Walk.jpg
Shaul Ladany (centre), in 1969

Races have been walked at distances as short as 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) at the 1920 Summer Olympics, and as long as 100 km (62.1 mi). The men's world record for the 50-mile race walk is held by Israeli Shaul Ladany, whose time of 7:23:50 in 1972 beat the world record that had stood since 1935. [9] The modern Olympic events are the 20 km (12.4 mi) race walk (men and women) and 50 km (31 mi) race walk (men only). One example of a longer race walking competition is the annual Paris-Colmar which is 450 to 500 km. Indoor races are 3000 m and 5000 m.

Judges

A racewalker "flying" (entirely out of contact with the ground, a rule violation) Racewalker (legs only) not in contact with the ground.jpg
A racewalker "flying" (entirely out of contact with the ground, a rule violation)

There are judges on the course to monitor form. Three judges submitting "red cards" for violations results in disqualification of the competitor. There is a scoreboard placed on the course so competitors can see their violation status. If the third violation is received, the chief judge removes the competitor from the course by showing a red paddle. For monitoring reasons, races are held on a looped course or on a track so judges get to see competitors several times during a race. A judge could also "caution" competitors in danger of losing form by showing a paddle that indicates either losing contact or bent knees. No judge may submit more than one card for each walker. The chief judge's job is only to disqualify the offending walker and may not submit any caution cards. Disqualifications are routine at the elite level, such as the famous case of Jane Saville, disqualified within sight of a gold medal in front of her home crowd in the 2000 Summer Olympics, or Yet Lyu, disqualified 20 metres before the finish line at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics.

Beginning

The start of the 3500 m walk final, 1908 Olympics 1908 3500 metre walk final.JPG
The start of the 3500 m walk final, 1908 Olympics

Race walking developed as one of the original track and field events of the first meeting of the English Amateur Athletics Association in 1880. The first race walking codes came from an attempt to regulate rules for popular 19th-century long-distance competitive walking events, called pedestrianism. Pedestrianism had developed, like footraces and horse racing, as a popular working class British and American pastime, and a venue for wagering. Walkers organised the first English amateur walking championship in 1866, which was won by John Chambers, and judged by the "fair heel and toe" rule. This rather vague code was the basis for the rules codified at the first Championships Meeting in 1880 of the Amateur Athletics Association in England, the birth of modern athletics. With football (soccer), cricket, and other sports codified in the 19th century, the transition from professional pedestrianism to amateur race walking was, while relatively late, part of a process of regularisation occurring in most modern sports at this time.

The Walk was included at the 1876 to 1879 National Association of Amateur Athletes of America Championships. [10]

Olympics

Race walking is an Olympic athletics (track and field) event with distances of 20 kilometres for both men and women and 50 kilometres for men only.

Race walking first appeared in the modern Olympics in 1904 in the form of a half-mile (804.672m) walk in the all-round competition, the precursor to the 10-event decathlon. In 1908, stand-alone 1,500m and 3,000m race walks were added, and, excluding 1924, there has been at least one race walk (for men) in every Olympics since.

Women's race walking became an Olympic event in 1992, following years of active lobbying by female internationals.

A World Cup in race walking is held biennially, and race walk events appear in the World Athletics Championships, the Commonwealth Games and the Pan American Games, among others.

World Race Walking Challenge

Since 2003, the IAAF has organised the IAAF Race Walking Challenge, an annual worldwide competition series in which elite athletes accumulate points for the right to compete in the IAAF Race Walking Challenge Final and to share over US$200,000 of prize money. The series of televised events takes place in several countries each year including Mexico, Spain, Russia and China. [11]

Age groups

USA Track & Field offers racewalking at the Youth, Open, All-Comers, and Masters levels. [12]

High School: Racewalking is sometimes included in high school indoor and outdoor track meets, the rules often more relaxed. The distances walked tend to be relatively short, with the 1500 m being the most commonly held event. Racing also occurs at 3 km, 5 km and 10 km, with records kept and annual rankings published. [13]

As an individual pursuit

While participating in races essentially defines race walking, it can be practised by individuals for their own benefit, much like joggers not taking part in racing. One former jogger has written about injuries sustained while running, recommending race walking, which is much easier on the joints, instead. Requiring to have one foot in contact with the ground at all times reduces the impacts on ankles, knees, and hips that lead to running injuries. [14]

Top performers

Men

20 km

MarkAthleteNationalityVenueDateRef
1:16:36 Yusuke Suzuki Flag of Japan.svg  Japan Nomi, Ishikawa March 15, 2015
1:16:43 1 Sergey Morozov Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Saransk June 8, 2008
1:17:02 Yohann Diniz Flag of France.svg  France Arles, France March 8, 2015
1:17:16 Vladimir Kanaykin Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Saransk September 28, 2007
1:17:21 Jefferson Pérez Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador Paris August 23, 2003
1:17:22 Paquillo Fernández Flag of Spain.svg  Spain Turku April 28, 2002
1:17:23 Vladimir Stankin Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Adler February 8, 2004
1:17:25 Bernardo Segura Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico Bergen May 7, 1994
1:17:30 Alex Schwazer Flag of Italy.svg  Italy Lugano March 18, 2012
1:17:33 Nathan Deakes Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Cixi City April 23, 2005
1:17:36 Zhen Wang Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Taicang March 30, 2012
1:17:38 Valeriy Borchin Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Adler February 28, 2009

1. not ratified by IAAF because it didn't fulfil the criteria of having the required three international judges present.

50 km

MarkAthleteNationalityVenueDateRef
3:32:33 Yohann Diniz Flag of France.svg  France Zürich 15 August 2014 [15]
3:34:14 Denis Nizhegorodov Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Cheboksary 11 May 2008 [16]
3:34:38 Matej Tóth Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia Dudince 21 March 2015 [17]
3:35:47 Nathan Deakes Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Geelong 2 December 2006
3:35:59 Sergey Kirdyapkin Flag of Russia.svg  Russia London 11 August 2012
3:36:03 Robert Korzeniowski Flag of Poland.svg  Poland Paris 27 August 2003
3:36:04 Alex Schwazer Flag of Italy.svg  Italy Rosignano Solvay 11 February 2007
3:36:06 Yu Chaohong Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Nanjing 22 October 2005
3:36:13 Zhao Chengliang Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Nanjing 22 October 2005
3:36:20 Han Yucheng Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Nanjing 27 February 2005

Women

20 km

As of June 2019

RankTimeAthleteNationalityDatePlaceRef
11:23:39 1 Elena Lashmanova Flag of Russia.svg Russia9 June 2018Cheboksary [18]
21:24:38 Liu Hong Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China6 June 2015 A Coruña [19]
31:24:47 Elmira Alembekova Flag of Russia.svg Russia27 February 2015 Sochi [20]
41:24:50 1 Olimpiada Ivanova Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 4 March 2001 Adler
51:24:56 Olga Kaniskina Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 28 February 2009 Adler
61:25:03 Marina Pandakova Flag of Russia.svg Russia27 February 2015 Sochi [20]
71:25:04 Svetlana Vasilyeva Flag of Russia.svg Russia27 February 2015 Sochi [20]
81:25:08 Vera Sokolova Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 26 February 2011 Sochi
91:25:09 Anisya Kirdyapkina Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 26 February 2011 Sochi
101:25:12 Lü Xiuzhi Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 20 March 2015 Beijing

1. These times were achieved without the presence of international judges to officiate the competition or post-race doping tests, thus making them invalid for world record status. However, they are accepted as personal best marks for those athletes.

50 km

The women's 50 km walk is a new event, having been controversially added to the World Athletics Championships for the first time in 2017. [21]

As of May 2019:

RankTimeAthleteNationalityDatePlaceRef
13:59:15 Liu Hong Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China9 March 2019Huangshan [22]
24:03:51 Li Maocuo Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China9 March 2019Huangshan [23]
34:04:36 Liang Rui Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China5 May 2018Taicang [24]
44:04:50 Eleonora Giorgi Flag of Italy.svg Italy19 May 2019 Alytus [25]
54:05:46 Júlia Takács Flag of Spain.svg Spain19 May 2019 Alytus [25]
64:05:56 Inês Henriques Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 13 August 2017 London [26]
74:07:30 Ma Faying Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China9 March 2019Huangshan [23]
84:08:58 Yin Hang Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China13 August 2017London [26]
94:09:33 Claire Tallent Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia5 May 2018Taicang [24]
104:10:59 Monica Svensson Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden21 October 2007 Scanzorosciate

Despite being one of the original disciplines of modern athletics, racewalking is sometimes derided as a contrived or "artificial" sport. [4] In 1992, noted sportscaster and longtime Olympic commentator Bob Costas compared it to "a contest to see who can whisper the loudest". [27]

In Malcolm in the Middle season 4 episode "Malcolm Holds His Tongue", Hal gets into the sport and exposes his local park rival as 'nothing but a common jogger' by proving that both of his feet leave the ground once every fourth step.

In the 1966 film Walk, Don't Run , Jim Hutton plays a racewalker competing in the Tokyo Olympics. Cary Grant and Samantha Eggar co-star.

Irish Olympian John Kelly appears briefly as a racewalker in the 1968 musical film Star!, starring Julie Andrews and Richard Crenna. [28]

In the 2021 film Queenpins , actress Kristen Bell plays a 3-time gold medal Olympic racewalker and extreme couponer.

In a local Seattle sketch comedy series Almost Live!, Bill Nye played "Speed Walker": a superhero who fights crime while adhering to the standards of competitive speed-walking.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">World Athletics Race Walking Tour</span>

The World Athletics Race Walking Tour is a racewalking series organised by World Athletics. Athletes accumulate points in specific race walk meetings during the season. Performances in 10 kilometres race walk, 20 kilometres race walk and 50 kilometres race walk count towards athlete's final scores. Since 2011, racewalking performances at the World Athletics Championships and Olympic Games count towards the series. Women have competed in the 50 km distance since 2018.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sergey Kirdyapkin</span> Russian race walker

Sergey Alexandrovich Kirdyapkin is a Russian race walker. He was stripped of the 2012 Olympic gold medal in the 50K walk, by decision of the Court of Arbitration published 24 March 2016, due to doping violations. Due to these doping violations, he was given a three-year-and-two-month ban from athletic competition, backdated to 15 October 2012, allowing him time to still qualify for the 2016 Summer Olympics. However, Russia did not compete in athletics at the 2016 Olympics, due to the suspension of the governing body, the IAAF, due to widespread doping.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jared Tallent</span> Australian race walker

Jared Tallent is an Australian race walker and Olympic gold medallist in the 50 km walk from London in 2012. He is a four-time Olympic medallist, three-time World Championship medallist and holds the current Olympic record in the 50 km walk.

The Pan American Race Walking Cup is a biennial race walking competition for athletes representing countries from the Americas, organized by the Association of Panamerican Athletics (APA). It was established in 1984 and has featured races for senior men and women, and for junior athletes. The women competed in the 10 km road race until 1996, and then switched to the 20 km road race. In addition, there are separate team competitions. The 2001 event was held in conjunction with the South American Race Walking Cup. In 2011, the organization of the event was transferred from the Pan American Athletics Commission, a subdivision of the Pan American Sports Organization (PASO), to the newly constituted APA.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">50 kilometres race walk</span> Olympic athletics event

The 50 kilometre race walk was an Olympic athletics event that first appeared in 1932 and made its final Olympic appearance in 2021. The racewalking event is competed as a road race. Athletes must always keep in contact with the ground and the supporting leg must remain straight until the raised leg passes it.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Érick Barrondo</span> Guatemalan racewalker (born 1991)

Érick Bernabé Barrondo García is a Guatemalan racewalker who competes in the 20 km walk and 50 km walk events. He won the silver medal at the Men's 20 km Racewalk in the 2012 Summer Olympics, the first and only Olympic medal in Guatemala's history.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kevin Eastler</span> American race walker

Kevin Eastler is an American race walker. He is a four-time U.S. 20-km race walking champion, a 2007 U.S. 50-km race walking champion, and a 30-km record holder at the 2006 U.S. Outdoor Track & Field Championships. Eastler is also a captain of the United States Air Force, and is assigned to the 566th Intelligence Squadron at Buckley Air Force Base in Aurora, Colorado.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Race walking at the Olympics</span> Racewalking competitions occurring during the Olympic Games

Race walking events at the Summer Olympics have been contested over a variety of distances at the multi-sport event. There were three race walking events in the 2020 Summer Olympics: a men's and a women's 20 kilometres walk, and a men's 50 kilometres walk. The races were held in a final-only format.

Andrey Viktorovich Ruzavin is a Russian racewalking athlete who competes over the 20 kilometres race walk distance. He has a personal best of 1:17:47 hours for the distance, which ranks him in the top twenty of all time. Ruzavin was the silver medallist in the 20 km walk at the 2009 Summer Universiade and a bronze medallist at the 2014 IAAF World Race Walking Cup.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Evan Dunfee</span> Canadian race walker and Olympian

Evan Dunfee is a Canadian race walker and Olympian. An Olympic and World medallist, Dunfee first set the Canadian record in the 50 kilometres race walk at the 2016 Summer Olympics, where he placed fourth. He went on to win bronze medals at the 2019 World Athletics Championships and the 2020 Summer Olympics, both of those the last time the 50 km was to be featured as an event.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dane Bird-Smith</span> Australian racewalker

Dane Alex Bird-Smith is an Australian racewalking athlete. He competes in the 20 kilometres race walk, and has a best of 1:19:28 hours for the distance, set in 2017. He competed at the 2016 Rio Olympics, where he was the bronze medallist. Bird-Smith represented Australia at the World Championships in Athletics three times, and has appeared four times at the IAAF World Race Walking Team Championships/Cup.

Marion Fawkes is a British former racewalker. She was the first official female world champion in racewalking, through her victory at the 1979 IAAF World Race Walking Cup. She broke four world records in her career.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siv Gustavsson</span> Swedish racewalker

Siv Gustavsson is a Swedish former racewalking athlete. She was the gold medallist at the 1981 IAAF World Race Walking Cup, making her the second ever female world champion in the sport.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Raquel González (athlete)</span> Spanish racewalker

Raquel González Campos is an Olympic athlete from Spain and represents Futbol Club Barcelona. She competed in the Women's 20 kilometres walk event at the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) 2016 and 2015 World Championships in Athletics in Beijing, China and World Championship 2019 in Doha, Qatar. She's bronze medal in European Cup 20km racewalker, Alytus 2019 and Top 8 World Ranking 50km racewalker, 2019.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Massimo Stano</span> Italian racewalker

Massimo Stano is a male Italian racewalker. He competed in the 20 kilometres walk event at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics in Beijing, China, finishing in the 19th position, and the same event at the 2020 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo, Japan, finishing in first place. On 24 July 2022, Stano won the 2022 World Athletics Championships with a championship record.

Yu Wei is a male Chinese racewalker.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sandeep Kumar (racewalker)</span> Indian racewalker

Sandeep Kumar is an Indian racewalker. He competed in the 50 kilometres walk event at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics in Beijing, China.

Manish Singh Rawat is a male Indian racewalker. He competes in the 20 km and the 50 km events and is employed by the Uttarakhand State Police. He has been part of the Indian racewalking squad for the past 3 years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016 IAAF World Race Walking Team Championships</span> International athletics championship event

The 2016 IAAF World Race Walking Team Championships was the 27th edition of the global team racewalking competition organised by the International Association of Athletics Federations. It was held in Rome, Italy from 7 to 8 May 2016. It was the first edition of the tournament under its new name, having previously been known as the IAAF World Race Walking Cup since 1989.

Liang Rui is a female Chinese racewalking athlete who competes in the 20 kilometres and 50 kilometres race walk. She was the world record holder for the 50 km walk event and was a gold medalist at the 2018 IAAF World Race Walking Team Championships. In 2019 her record was beaten by Hong Liu with a time of 3:59:15. In the same year, she finished outside the top ten in the IAAF Challenge races in Taicang and La Coruña, and was seventh in a national 50 km meeting.

References

  1. ↑ Mulkeen, Jon (May 3, 2018). "PREVIEW: WOMEN'S 50KM RACE WALK – IAAF WORLD RACE WALKING TEAM CHAMPIONSHIPS TAICANG 2018". IAAF Official Website. IAAF. Archived from the original on August 30, 2018.
  2. ↑ Wilder, Charley (June 16, 2015). "Where Racewalking Is King, the Antidoping Officials Are Busy" . The New York Times. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  3. ↑ Tétrault-Farber, Gabrielle (January 24, 2020). "Banned Russian race walking coach still working with athletes, official says". Reuters. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  4. 1 2 Eulich, Whitney (August 3, 2012). "Wait... That's an Olympic Event?". Christian Science Monitor . Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved August 25, 2016. The sport requires the stride-rate of an 800 to 1500-meter runner, and a race walker's endurance is the equivalent of a world-class marathoner, says Mr. Peters. "Only you're going longer."
  5. 1 2 Belson, Ken (August 10, 2012). "One Step at a Time? It's More Complicated Than That". The New York Times . Archived from the original on March 7, 2017. Retrieved August 28, 2016.
  6. ↑ "I.A.A.F.Rule 230". May 9, 2008. Archived from the original on May 9, 2008.
  7. ↑ "Iaaf.org - Race Walking - Introduction". Archived from the original on March 22, 2010. Retrieved 2008-08-21.
  8. ↑ "100 Metres - men - senior - outdoor - 2016". Iaaf.org. Archived from the original on December 31, 2007. Retrieved August 28, 2016.
  9. ↑ "Shaul Ladany". Jewishsports.net. Archived from the original on May 12, 2013. Retrieved February 24, 2013.
  10. ↑ National Association of Amateur Athletes of America, 1880. Retrieved Nov 19, 2022
  11. ↑ "Iaaf.org - IAAF Race Walking Challenge". Archived from the original on July 14, 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-18.
  12. ↑ USATF. retrieved Nov 19, 2022
  13. ↑ "Home - The Home of High School Race Walking". January 2, 2009. Archived from the original on February 4, 2010. Retrieved 2016-08-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  14. ↑ Love, Martin (October 31, 2022). "A need for speed: if running is too risky, why not try race walking?". the Guardian.
  15. ↑ Zaccardi, Nick (August 15, 2014). "Yohann Diniz stops to celebrate before breaking 50km race walk world record". NBC Sports. Archived from the original on August 14, 2016. Retrieved August 25, 2016.
  16. ↑ "Official IAAF Race Results Cheboksary 2008". iaaf.org. May 10–11, 2008. Archived from the original on June 10, 2010.
  17. ↑ Zuzana Trojakova (March 21, 2015). "Toth records third-fastest 50km race walk in history in Dudince". IAAF. Archived from the original on March 25, 2015. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
  18. ↑ "Russian Race Walking Championships 2018 Complete Results" (PDF). marciadalmondo.com. June 9, 2018. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
  19. ↑ "Liu breaks 20km race walk world record in La Coruna". IAAF. June 6, 2015. Retrieved June 6, 2015.
  20. 1 2 3 "Russian Race Walking Championships 2015 Results". ARAF. February 27, 2015. Retrieved October 19, 2016.
  21. ↑ "The IAAF Achieves Gender Parity At Worlds, But Only For Five Women". Archived from the original on May 19, 2018. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
  22. ↑ Bob Ramsak (March 9, 2019). "FLASH - Liu breaks world 50km race walk record in Huangshan, cracking 4-hour barrier". IAAF. Retrieved March 9, 2019.
  23. 1 2 Yang Yi (March 9, 2019). "Liu maintains dominance in women's race walk with new 50km world record". xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on March 11, 2019. Retrieved March 9, 2019.
  24. 1 2 "50km Race Walk Results" (PDF). IAAF. May 5, 2018. Retrieved May 5, 2018.
  25. 1 2 "50km Race Walk Results" (PDF). EAA. May 19, 2019. Retrieved May 26, 2019.
  26. 1 2 "50km Race Walk Results" (PDF). IAAF. August 13, 2017. Retrieved August 13, 2017.
  27. ↑ Guinto, Joseph. "Golden Boy: Costas Now". American Way . Archived from the original on August 13, 2012. Retrieved August 8, 2012.
  28. ↑ ["John & Kati Kelly". www.loughmorens.ie. Retrieved 31 October 2022. "John & Kati Kelly"].{{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
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