Zacharias Topelius was a Finnish author, poet, journalist, historian, and rector of the University of Helsinki who wrote novels related to Finnish history.
Count Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt was a Finnish-Swedish-Russian courtier and diplomat. In Finland, he is considered one of the greatest Finnish statesmen. His advice to Russia's Tsar Alexander I was of utmost importance for securing the autonomy of the Grand Duchy of Finland.
Elias Lönnrot was a Finnish polymath, physician, philosopher, poet, musician, linguist, journalist, philologist and collector of traditional Finnish oral poetry. He is best known for synthesizing the Finnish national epic, Kalevala from short ballads and lyric poems he gathered from Finnish oral tradition during several field expeditions in Finland, Russian Karelia, the Kola Peninsula and Baltic countries. In botany, he is remembered as the author of the 1860 Flora Fennica, the first scientific text written in Finnish rather than in Latin.
The Treaty of Nöteborg, also known as the Treaty of Orehovsk, is a conventional name for the peace treaty signed at Oreshek on 12 August 1323. It was the first agreement between Sweden and the Novgorod Republic regulating their border, mostly in the area which is now known as Finland. Three years later, Novgorod signed the Treaty of Novgorod with the Norwegians.
Uusimaa is a region of Finland. It borders the regions of Southwest Finland, Tavastia Proper (Kanta-Häme), Päijänne Tavastia (Päijät-Häme), and Kymenlaakso. Finland's capital and largest city, Helsinki, along with the surrounding metropolitan area, are both contained in the region, and Uusimaa is Finland's most populous region. The population of Uusimaa is 1,734,000.
Henrik Gabriel Porthan was a professor and rector at the Royal Academy of Turku, Finland. He was a scholar sometimes known as The Father of Finnish History.
The German term Volksschule generally refers to compulsory education, denoting an educational institution every person is required to attend.
Ostrobothnian Swedish is a variety of Finland-Swedish, spoken in Finland. Outside the autonomous island province of Åland, which is officially monolingually Swedish, Ostrobothnia is the only region of mainland Finland where Swedish-speakers are the majority (51%).
The Tales of Ensign Stål is an epic poem written in Swedish by the Finland-Swedish author Johan Ludvig Runeberg, the national poet of Finland. It was published in two cycles, in 1848 and in 1860. The poem describes the events of the Finnish War (1808–1809) in which Sweden lost its eastern territories; these would become incorporated into the Russian Empire as the Grand Duchy of Finland.
Leopold Henrik Stanislaus Mechelin, known as Leo Mechelin, was a Finnish politician, professor, liberal reformer and businessman. A leading defender of the autonomy of the Grand Duchy of Finland, and of the rights of women and minorities, Mechelin's 1905–1908 government ("Mechelin's Senate") made Finland the first nation in the world with the universal right to vote and to be elected. During his period in office the freedom of expression, the press, and of assembly were introduced. Mechelin was born and died in Helsinki, Finland.
Georg August Wallin was a Finnish orientalist, explorer and professor remembered for his journeys in the South-west Asia during the 1840s.
In the history of Finland, the Kagal was a resistance movement that existed before the 1905 Russian Revolution and founded under the period of Russian oppression, in resistance to the oppressive government of Governor-General Nikolai Bobrikov which actively conducted Russification of Finland. The name comes via Russian from qahal. The word was a mocking name used by Russian conservative newspapers as a means of ridicule when referring to the anti-government activity in Finland. In the original meaning, Kagal/Kahal referred to a central body for the Jewish congregations of Russia.
Ernst Runar Schildt was a Swedish-speaking Finnish author from Helsinki. His son was art historian and author Göran Schildt. Although Schildt wrote his books in Swedish, they have also been translated into Finnish, English, French and German.
The Eric Chronicle is the oldest surviving Swedish chronicle. It was written by an unknown author between about 1320 and 1335.
Arvid Mörne was a Finnish author and poet. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature four times.
Martin Wegelius was a Finnish composer and musicologist, primarily remembered as the founder, in 1882, of the Helsinki Music Institute, now known as the Sibelius Academy.
Josef Julius Wecksell was a Finnish poet and playwright.
Torsten (Tor) Evert Karsten was a Finnish philologist who specialized in Germanic studies.
Oscar Percival Parland was a Finland Swedish author, translator and psychiatrist. Parland is known for the praised trilogy Den förtrollade vägen, Tjurens år and Spegelgossen.
Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland is a book series in Swedish, published in Finland since 1886 by the Society of Swedish Literature in Finland (SLS). The main series reached number 734 in the year 2010. The series has several sub-series with own themes and numbering. Several of the publications have been digitised and made freely available by the National Library of Finland.
