Wave Energy Scotland

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Wave Energy Scotland (WES) is a technology development body[ clarification needed ] set up by the Scottish Government to facilitate the development of wave energy in Scotland. It was set up in 2015 and is a subsidiary of Highlands and Islands Enterprise (HIE) based in Inverness.

Contents

WES has managed numerous projects resulting from pre-commercial procurement funding calls in six main topic areas: power take-off, novel wave energy converters, structural materials and manufacturing processes, control systems, quick connection systems, and next generation wave energy. Each of these uses a stage-gate process, with fewer successful projects passing to later stages. WES has also commissioned eight landscaping studies in two phases. [1]

In 2020, together with the Basque Energy Agency (Ente Vasco de la Energía or EVE), WES set up the EuropeWave programme to develop and test the most promising wave energy technologies, of which three concepts will be tested at sea. This is supported by European Horizon 2020 funding.

Inception

The Scottish Government took positive action to support the ailing wave energy sector in Scotland, following the demise of one of the leading developers Pelamis Wave Power. The Energy Minister Fergus Ewing announced an initial budget for the body of £14.3 million over 13 months at the RenewableUK conference in February 2015. [2]

Organisation objectives

The original objectives for WES were set out by the Scottish Government as: [3]

Stage gate selections

The WES development programme uses a series of stage-gates to evaluate technology progress.

Through collaboration with the International Energy Agency's Ocean Energy Systems programme, Wave Energy Scotland has helped to develop "An International Evaluation and Guidance Framework for Ocean Energy Technology", first published in 2021. [4] This sets out a clear evaluation methodology for the technical development and cost-effectiveness of wave and tidal energy technologies. A second edition was published in October 2023, adding the important aspect of environmental acceptability which had been missing from the first draft. [5]

The framework consists of six sequential stages of development, which is equivalent to those used in the IEC guidelines for testing early stage WECs, [6] and can be linked to the widely-used Technology Readiness Level (TRL) scale.

IEA-OES Evaluation Framework Stages
NameTRL
Stage 0Concept creation1
Stage 1Concept development2–3
Stage 2Design optimisation4
Stage 3Scaled demonstration5–6
Stage 4Commercial-scale single device demonstration7–8
Stage 5Commercial-scale array demonstration9

Project calls

The WES development programme uses a staged approach with projects progressing from concept (stage 1), through design (stage 2), to demonstration (stage 3). As of April 2024, WES has held funding calls to start five development programmes, listed below. [7] The successful projects in each stage are tabulated in List of projects funded by Wave Energy Scotland.

Call TitleLaunch DateCall ClosedBudgetNotice
Secondary energy conversion technologies (power take-off systems, PTO)19 March 201522 May 2015£7mMAR203890 [8]
Novel wave energy converters (NWEC)10 June 201513 August 2015up to £2.4mJUN211095 [9]
Structural materials and manufacturing processes (SMMP)15 July 20168 September 2016up to £3mJUL250786 [10]
Control systems (CS)5 April 201712 June 2017£660kAPR279121 [11]
Quick Connection Systems (QCS)24 July 201916 September 2019£490kJUL361298 [12]

In 2023, a sixth area of Next Generation Wave Energy was introduced, focusing on flexible generators.

Power Take-off (PTO)

In March 2015, WES announced the fist call of their development programme, for innovative power take-off systems. Depending on the status of the technology, projects of £100k to £4m were sought, with successful applicants eligible to claim 100% of the cost of development. [13] A total of 42 applications were made for this £7m call, with contracts awarded to nine consortia. [14] [15]

Novel Wave Energy Converter Call (NWEC)

In June 2015, the second call was announced, this time for "truly novel" wave energy converters. [20] Eight projects were funded for the first stage of the NWEC call, out of 37 applications. [21]

Structural Materials and Manufacturing Processes Call

A third call for Structural Materials and Manufacturing Processes was launched in July 2016, looking for materials for the WEC structure or prime mover that would facilitate a step change reduction in LCOE. [25]

Control Systems

In April 2017, a call on feasibility studies for Control System was announced, particularly welcoming experience from other related sectors. This was for initial projects of up to £47k lasting three months. [29]

Quick Connection System

A call was launched in July 2019 for systems that facilitate rapid connection and disconnection of a WEC from the moorings/electrical system, which was expected to speed up installation and operations, both leading to reduced costs. [33]

Next Generation Wave Energy

In July 2023, a call was launched for concept designs that would directly convert motion into electricity, harnessing novel flexible electrostatic polymers and elastomers. [37] Five projects were awarded up to £50k for 12-14 week concept designs investigating dielectric elastomer generators, and dielectric fluid generators. [38]

Two projects, led by 4c Engineering and TTI Marine Renewables, were awarded a further £400k funding in August 2024 for Stage 2. Over the following nine months, they are expected to form collaborations and progress their concepts for flexible wave energy devices. [39]

EuropeWave

In December 2020, together with the Basque Energy Agency (Ente Vasco de la Energía or EVE), WES set up the EuropeWave programme. [40] This builds on the WES programme, using the same staged approach and pre-commercial procurement model. The programme has a budget of over €22.5m, comprising national, regional, and European Horizon 2020 funding. Trade association Ocean Energy Europe is also part of the consortium. [41]

As with the WES Novel Wave Energy Converter call, the programme will consist of three stages (1–3), culminating in scaled demonstration in real sea conditions for a year, at either the European Marine Energy Centre, Orkney, Scotland, or the Biscay Marine Energy Platform (BiMEP) near Armintza, Basque Country. [42]

Seven companies, listed in the table below, were selected in December 2021 to develop their device concepts, sharing a budget of €2.4m. After completing Stage 1, the five most promising technologies progressed to Stage 2 to perform more extensive modelling and testing to optimise their design. [43]

In September 2023, it was announced that CETO Wave Energy Ireland ACHIEVE, IDOM Consulting MARMOK-Atlantic, and Mocean Energy Blue Horizon 250 had progressed to the final stage of the EuropeWave programme with a shared budget of €13.4m. [44] In April 2024, CETO secured a berth to test at BiMEP and also passed the authorisation to proceed milestone, enabling them to award the first contracts for fabrication of the device. [45] Mocean plan to test their 250 kW device at the EMEC Billia Croo site, aiming to launch in 2025. [46]

Companies in the EuropeWave programme [43] [44]
CompanyProjectStatus
AMOG ConsultingSea-Saw WECProgressed to stage 2
Arrecife Energy SystemsTrimaranProgressed to stage 2
Bombora Wave Power EuropeemWaveCompleted stage 1
CETO Wave Energy IrelandACHIEVEProgressed to stages 2 and 3
IDOM ConsultingMARMOK AtlanticProgressed to stages 2 and 3
Mocean EnergyBlue Horizon 250Progressed to stages 2 and 3
WaveramThe WaveramCompleted stage 1

Intellectual property

WES acquired intellectual property developed by the now defunct Scottish wave energy companies Pelamis Wave Power and Aquamarine Power. The former as part of the inception of Wave Energy Scotland, hiring 12 former Pelamis employees including CEO Richard Yemm. [47] The latter was completed in September 2016. [48]

Knowledge Library

WES maintain an online Knowledge Library as part of their website, to provide access to information and documents from their extensive technology development programmes. [49] It also contains reports from the knowledge capture projects from Pelamis Wave Power, Aquamarine Power, and AWS Ocean Energy.

Annual conference

With the exception of 2020 and 2021, WES has held an annual conference since 2016 to showcase progress in the sector. [50]

The first Wave Energy Scotland annual conference was held on 2 December 2016 at Pollock Halls in Edinburgh. [51] This provided an update of ongoing and future calls, plus quick-fire updates from participants ongoing PTO and NWEC calls.

A second annual conference was held on 28 November 2017. [52]

The third annual conference was held on 6 December 2018 at the Edinburgh International Conference Centre. [53]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pelamis Wave Energy Converter</span>

The Pelamis Wave Energy Converter was a technology that used the motion of ocean surface waves to create electricity. The machine was made up of connected sections which flex and bend as waves pass; it is this motion which is used to generate electricity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Renewable energy in Scotland</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">CETO</span> Submerged wave power technology

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">European Marine Energy Centre</span>

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Waves4Power is a Swedish-based developer of buoy-based Offshore Wave Energy Converter (OWEC) systems. Ongoing research and development is done in collaboration with Chalmers University of Technology. A partnership with Dutch engineering specialist BnD-Engineering in 2021 aimed to commercialize and deploy the system on a global scale.

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References

  1. ↑ "Project Landscaping". Wave Energy Scotland Knowledge Library. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
  2. ↑ "Over £14 million for Wave Energy Scotland". The Scottish Government. 25 February 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
  3. ↑ "Wave Energy Scotland Fact Sheet" (PDF). The Scottish Government. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
  4. ↑ Garanovic, Amir (2 February 2021). "IEA-OES releases evaluation guide for ocean energy technology". Offshore Energy. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
  5. ↑ "OES | AN INTERNATIONAL EVALUATION AND GUIDANCE FRAMEWORK FOR OCEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGY". www.ocean-energy-systems.org. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
  6. ↑ International Electrotechnical Commission (2018). "Guidelines for the early stage development of wave energy converters: Best practices and recommended procedures for the testing of pre-prototype scale devices. IEC/TS 62600-103:2018". IEC Webstore. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  7. ↑ "Project calls". Wave Energy Scotland. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
  8. ↑ "View Notice - Power Take-Off Systems for Wave Energy - R&D Services Call". Public Contracts Scotland. 15 March 2015. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  9. ↑ "View Notice - Novel Wave Energy Convertor - R&D Services Call". Public Contracts Scotland. 10 June 2015. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  10. ↑ "View Notice - Structural Materials and Manufacturing Processes - R&D Services Call". Public Contracts Scotland. 15 July 2015. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  11. ↑ "View Notice - Control Systems - R&D Services Call". Public Contracts Scotland. 5 April 2017. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  12. ↑ "View Notice - Quick Connection Systems - R&D Services Call". Public Contracts Scotland. 24 July 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  13. ↑ "WES launches GBP 7 mln power take-off systems R&D call". Offshore Energy. 19 March 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  14. ↑ "WES announces PTO call contract awards". Tidal Energy Today. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
  15. ↑ "International search for innovative power take-off systems for wave energy results in £7m award to technology innovators | hie.co.uk". www.hie.co.uk. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
  16. ↑ "International search for innovative power take-off systems for wave energy". Wave Energy Scotland. 30 July 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  17. ↑ "Wave energy technology projects awarded £2M". Wave Energy Scotland. 21 September 2016. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  18. ↑ "Wave Energy Scotland Awards £7.5m for Power Take Off Projects". Wave Energy Scotland. 16 March 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  19. ↑ "ESS' PTO Awarded £2.5m Funding". Wave Energy Scotland. 28 February 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  20. ↑ Shumkov, Ivan (11 June 2015). "Wave Energy Scotland starts 2nd competitive project call". Renewables Now.
  21. ↑ "Search for novel wave energy converters results in £2.25m award to technology innovators | hie.co.uk". www.hie.co.uk. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
  22. ↑ "Search for novel wave energy converters results in £2.25m award". Wave Energy Scotland. 2 November 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  23. ↑ "Wave energy technology projects awarded £2.84m". Wave Energy Scotland. 27 April 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  24. ↑ "Two Scots Firms Secure £7.7m Funding". Wave Energy Scotland. 8 January 2019. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  25. ↑ "WES launches £3 million innovation call". Offshore Energy. 18 July 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  26. ↑ "£3m investment in wave energy projects". Wave Energy Scotland. 10 January 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  27. ↑ "WES Awards £1.4m to three Materials Projects". Wave Energy Scotland. 19 July 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  28. ↑ "Two Scottish teams secure £1 million to bring down cost of wave energy". Wave Energy Scotland. 27 March 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  29. ↑ "WES opens control systems innovation call". Offshore Energy. 5 April 2017. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  30. ↑ "WES Awards £660K for 13 new Control Systems Projects". Wave Energy Scotland. 13 September 2017. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  31. ↑ "Wave Energy Scotland funds new controls projects". Wave Energy Scotland. 27 March 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  32. ↑ "WES awards new advanced control system projects £1m". Wave Energy Scotland. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  33. ↑ "WES Contemplates Quick Connection System R&D Project". Offshore Energy. 15 May 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  34. ↑ "Offshore and subsea specialists plunge into wave power sector". Wave Energy Scotland. 5 December 2019. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  35. ↑ "Companies secure £1.4 million to develop quick connection system for wave energy". Wave Energy Scotland. 14 July 2020. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  36. ↑ "Companies secure £1.8 million to demonstrate quick connection systems for wave energy". Wave Energy Scotland. 5 July 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  37. ↑ Garanovic, Amir (7 July 2023). "Scots launch new competition to cut costs of wave energy technology". Offshore Energy. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  38. ↑ Garanovic, Amir (20 October 2023). "WES boosts 5 projects to design new class of wave energy converters". Offshore Energy. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  39. ↑ Maksumic, Zerina (1 August 2024). "WES picks second round of Direct Generation Concept Design Competition winners". Offshore Energy. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  40. ↑ Garanovic, Amir (4 December 2020). "Scotland and Basque Country team up for wave energy funding". Offshore Energy. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  41. ↑ "About the project". EuropeWave project website. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  42. ↑ Garanovic, Amir (4 December 2020). "Scotland and Basque Country team up for wave energy funding". Offshore Energy. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  43. 1 2 Largue, Pamela (9 December 2021). "EuropeWave project commits €22.5m to advance wave energy tech". Power Engineering International. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  44. 1 2 Garanovic, Amir (5 September 2023). "EuropeWave unveils top 3 wave energy finalists". Offshore Energy. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  45. ↑ Skopljak, Nadja (17 April 2024). "Carnegie's wave energy converter step closer to deployment at BiMEP". Offshore Energy. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  46. ↑ "Mocean Energy gets £3m EU boost for large new wave energy device". www.imeche.org. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  47. ↑ Shumkov, Ivan (25 February 2015). "Scotland to support new wave energy body with GBP 14.3m". Renewables Now. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  48. ↑ "WES purchases Aquamarine Power IP". Wave Energy Scotland. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
  49. ↑ "Knowledge Library" . library.waveenergyscotland.co.uk. Wave Energy Scotland. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  50. ↑ "Conferences". Wave Energy Scotland Knowledge Library. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
  51. ↑ "Wave Energy Scotland's first Annual Conference" . Retrieved 2 December 2016.
  52. ↑ "WES Annual Conference - 27/11/2017". www.waveenergyscotland.co.uk. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
  53. ↑ "Third Annual Conference". www.waveenergyscotland.co.uk. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
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