2015 Catalan regional election

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2015 Catalan regional election
Flag of Catalonia.svg
←  2012 27 September 2015 2017  →
All 135 seats in the Parliament of Catalonia
68 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Registered5,510,853 Green Arrow Up Darker.svg 1.8%
Turnout4,130,196 (75.0%)
Green Arrow Up Darker.svg 7.2 pp
 First partySecond partyThird party
  Artur Mas 2015 (cropped).jpg Ines Arrimadas 2017b (cropped).jpg Miquel Iceta 2015a (cropped).jpg
Leader Artur Mas Inés Arrimadas Miquel Iceta
Party JxSí C's PSC–PSOE
Leader since15 July 20153 July 201519 July 2014
Leader's seat Barcelona Barcelona Barcelona
Last election71 seats, 44.4% [lower-alpha 1] 9 seats, 7.6%20 seats, 14.4%
Seats won622516
Seat change Red Arrow Down.svg 9 Green Arrow Up Darker.svg 16 Red Arrow Down.svg 4
Popular vote1,628,714736,364523,283
Percentage39.6%17.9%12.7%
Swing Red Arrow Down.svg 4.8 pp Green Arrow Up Darker.svg 10.3 pp Red Arrow Down.svg 1.7 pp
 Fourth partyFifth partySixth party
  Lluis Rabell 2015d (cropped).jpg Xavier Garcia Albiol 2015b (cropped).jpg Antonio Banos 2015 (cropped).jpg
Leader Lluís Rabell Xavier García Albiol Antonio Baños
Party CatSíqueesPot PP CUP
Leader since23 July 201528 July 201530 July 2015
Leader's seat Barcelona Barcelona Barcelona
Last election13 seats, 9.9% [lower-alpha 2] 19 seats, 13.0%3 seats, 3.5%
Seats won111110
Seat change Red Arrow Down.svg 2 Red Arrow Down.svg 8 Green Arrow Up Darker.svg 7
Popular vote367,613349,193337,794
Percentage8.9%8.5%8.2%
Swing Red Arrow Down.svg 1.0 pp Red Arrow Down.svg 4.5 pp Green Arrow Up Darker.svg 4.7 pp
CataloniaProvinceMapParliament2015.png
2015 Catalan regional parliamentary election.svg
President before election

Artur Mas
CDC

Elected President

Carles Puigdemont
CDC (JxSí)

The 2015 Catalan regional election was held on Sunday, 27 September 2015, electing the 11th Parliament of the autonomous community of Catalonia. All 135 seats in the Parliament were up for election. This was the third regional Catalan election in only five years, after the 2010 and 2012 elections and the first one in over 37 years in which Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC) and Democratic Union of Catalonia (UDC) ran separately, after the dissolution of Convergence and Union (CiU) in June 2015 over disagreements on the coalition's separatist turn.

Contents

The plan to hold a snap election in 2015 was announced on 14 January by President Artur Mas. After the non-binding 2014 independence referendum, Mas declared that the election was to be turned into an alternative vote on independence, with pro-independence parties including the independence goal in their election manifestos. [1] As part of the process, CDC, along with Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC), Democrats of Catalonia (DC) and Left Movement (MES) would run together under the Junts pel Sí (JxSí) platform, with support from members of the pro-independence Catalan National Assembly (ANC), Òmnium and the Municipalities' Association for Independence (AMI). The alliance, however, failed to achieve its self-stated goal to attain an absolute majority on its own.

Newly formed Podemos (Spanish for "We can"), Initiative for Catalonia Greens (ICV), United and Alternative Left (EUiA) and Equo stood together under the Catalunya Sí que es Pot (Catalan for "Catalonia yes we can") label, a second novel electoral grouping formed for this election. The alliance was modeled after the Barcelona en Comú platform that won the 2015 Barcelona election, but it failed to garner the decisive support of the city's popular mayor Ada Colau and saw a poor performance. Citizens (C's) benefited from its anti-independence stance and climbed to second place ahead of a declining Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC), which scored a new historical low for the third election in a row. The People's Party (PP) suffered from its national counterpart decline and scored its worst result since 1992, whereas the left-wing Popular Unity Candidacy (CUP) saw a strong performance which allowed it to hold the key to government formation with JxSí.

Overview

Electoral system

The Parliament of Catalonia was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Catalonia, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Catalan Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a regional president. [2] As a result of no regional electoral law having been approved since the re-establishment of Catalan autonomy, the electoral procedure came regulated under Transitory Provision Fourth of the 1979 Statute, supplemented by the provisions within the national electoral law. [lower-alpha 3] Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age, registered in Catalonia and in full enjoyment of their political rights. Additionally, Catalans abroad were required to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish : Voto rogado). [3]

The 135 members of the Parliament of Catalonia were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Barcelona, Girona, Lleida and Tarragona, with each being allocated a fixed number of seats: [2] [4]

SeatsConstituencies
85 Barcelona
18 Tarragona
17 Girona
15 Lleida

The use of the D'Hondt method might result in a higher effective threshold, depending on the district magnitude. [5]

Election date

The term of the Parliament of Catalonia expired four years after the date of its previous election, unless it was dissolved earlier. The regional president was required to call an election fifteen days prior to the date of expiry of parliament, with election day taking place within from forty to sixty days after the call. The previous election was held on 25 November 2012, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 25 November 2016. The election was required to be called no later than 10 November 2016, with it taking place up to the sixtieth day from the call, setting the latest possible election date for the Parliament on Monday, 9 January 2017. [2]

The president had the prerogative to dissolve the Parliament of Catalonia and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process and that dissolution did not occur before one year had elapsed since a previous one under this procedure. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional president within a two-month period from the first ballot, the Parliament was to be automatically dissolved and a fresh election called. [2]

Background

Secessionist process

After the 2012 regional election resulted in Convergence and Union (CiU) unexpectedly losing seats, President Mas was placed in a difficult political position, as he fell 18 seats short of the absolute majority. He was forced to sign an agreement with Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC), in which the latter pledged to support the government, albeit without entering a formal coalition, in return for a faster process to obtain the independence of Catalonia.

Catalan president Artur Mas and ERC leader Oriol Junqueras, signing the government agreement on 19 December 2012. El President Mas acompanyat d'Oriol Junqueras aquest mati al Parlament.jpg
Catalan president Artur Mas and ERC leader Oriol Junqueras, signing the government agreement on 19 December 2012.

On 23 January 2013, the Parliament of Catalonia adopted the Declaration of Sovereignty and of the Right to Decide of the Catalan People, which stated that "The people of Catalonia have—by reason of democratic legitimacy—the character of a sovereign political and legal entity." This declaration was provisionally suspended by the Constitutional Court of Spain on 8 May 2013, and on 25 March 2014 the same court declared that it was void and unconstitutional due to the fact that the Spanish Constitution of 1978 makes the Spanish people as a whole the only subject of sovereignty. [6] At the same time, opinion polls began to show ERC topping the voters' preferences for the first time since the 1932 Catalan election, with the CiU vote declining as a result of the 2012 election backlash, but also because of Mas' management of the economic crisis and the involvement of several CiU leading figures in several corruption scandals. Among those involved was party founder Jordi Pujol, charged in a tax fraud scandal related to an undeclared inheritance in Andorra, accompanied by allegations of bribery, embezzlement, breach of trust, influence peddling, forgery of documents and money laundering crimes allegedly committed during his time as president of Catalonia. [7]

On 12 December 2013, the Government of Catalonia announced that a non-binding referendum on the independence issue would be held on 9 November 2014, for the purpose of giving independence leaders a political mandate to negotiate with the Government of Spain. Mariano Rajoy's government stated shortly after its intention to block such a referendum, which it considered unconstitutional and not within the competences of the Autonomous Community. [8]

In spite of this, a not legally sanctioned referendum was held as scheduled, with over 80% voting for independence, albeit on a low turnout of around 40%. Independence parties considered the result a success. Artur Mas explained in a public act on 25 November his plan to reach independence, proposing calling an extraordinary regional election—turned into an alternative vote on independence—at some point during 2015, on the condition that ERC agreed to join a common list with his party to stand together at the polls. ERC leader Oriol Junqueras agreed with most of the plan but initially refused such a joint list, threatening to break its government pact with CiU in order to force an election in early 2015. [9] [10] After weeks of calibrated brinkmanship from both sides, with CDC pushing for a joint candidature to cover for its forecasted loss of support and ERC refusing to run with Artur Mas as presidential candidate, both parties finally reached an agreement, and on 14 January 2015, Mas announced that a snap regional election would be held on 27 September that same year, with the intention to turn in into the true plebiscite on independence. [1]

Aside from the pact to hold an extraordinary election, the agreement also included to complete state structures as a basic element to culminate the process of "national transition" as well as negotiation of budgets. [11] [12] Mas and Junqueras also apologized for the rarefied political climate between the pro-independence parties in the negotiations that had taken place during the weeks prior to the announcement. [13]

The Spanish government, in response to the election announcement eight months ahead of the scheduled date, accused Mas of having "no interest in attending the Catalan people's problems, nor it has any capacity to solve them". [14] The People's Party (PP), Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) and Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) also criticized the announcement. [15]

CiU breakup

Tension within both parties forming the CiU federation had reached an all-time high in June 2015 due to differences between the positions the Democratic Union of Catalonia (UDC) leadership and Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC) leader Artur Mas took over the sovereignty process. CDC was in favour of outright independence even if it meant breaking the established Spanish legality, while UDC was against doing it without a successful negotiation with the Spanish Government. As a result, a vote was held on 14 June 2015 between UDC members, asking whether the party should commit itself to continue with the process but establishing several conditions—including not violating the legality in force through unilateral independence declarations—or starting the constituent processes at the margin of legal norms. [16] [17] The first option, supported by UDC leaders and contrary to the signed agreements between CDC, ERC and sovereignty entities, was approved by UDC members with a narrow 50.9% to 46.1% choosing to stand at the side of CDC. [18] After this, CDC issued an ultimatum to UDC for the latter to decide within "two or three days" whether it committed itself to the independence plan. [19] On 17 June, after a meeting of the UDC leadership, it was announced that the party was withdrawing all three of its members from the Government of the Generalitat of Catalonia, although they agreed to maintain parliamentary stability until the end of the legislature. [20] That same day at night, the CDC national executive committee met and in a press conference the next day confirmed that UDC and CDC would not run together in the 2015 regional election, and that the political project of the CiU federation was over, signalling the end of 37 years of cooperation between both parties as Convergence and Union, [21] [22] a coalition which had dominated Catalan politics since the 1980s.

Run up to election

On 3 August 2015, Catalan president Artur Mas signed the election decree and highlighted the extraordinariness of the proposal's background, which nonetheless did not mention the word plebiscite. The President justified the extraordinary meaning of the election after having unsuccessfully tried to negotiate a legal and agreed-to referendum with the Government of Spain. Mas, however, did not mention how much support did he considered necessary for proceeding with the independence process. [23] [24] Only pro-independence parties recognized the plebiscitary character of the election, with other parties arguing that—acknowledging the election's importance—it still was an election to the Parliament of Catalonia as many others had been held in the past. The PP, PSC and C's, however, hinted on the possibility of a post-election pact to curb the independence process. [25] The Spanish Government said it would keep a close watch closely the legality of the whole election process while demanding neutrality from Mas. [26] Mariano Rajoy stated: "There won't be a plebiscitary election, as there wasn't a referendum", in relation to the 9 November 2014 vote. [27] Several parties and media questioned the legality of holding the Free Way demonstration on 11 September, as it coincided with the start date of the election campaign.

Parliamentary composition

The Parliament of Catalonia was officially dissolved on 4 August 2015, after the publication of the dissolution decree in the Official Journal of the Government of Catalonia. [28] The table below shows the composition of the parliamentary groups in the chamber at the time of dissolution. [29] [30] [31]

Parliamentary composition in August 2015 [32]
GroupsPartiesLegislators
SeatsTotal
Convergence and Union's Parliamentary Group CDC 3450
UDC 10
DC 6
Republican Left of Catalonia's Parliamentary Group ERC 1921
CatSí 2
Socialist Parliamentary Group PSC 1919
People's Party of Catalonia's Parliamentary Group PP 1919
Initiative for Catalonia Greens–United and
Alternative Left's Parliamentary Group		 ICV 1013
EUiA 3
Citizens's Parliamentary Group Cs 99
Mixed Group CUP 33
Non-Inscrits MES 1 [lower-alpha 4] 1

Parties and candidates

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. [34]

Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:

CandidacyParties and
alliances		Leading candidateIdeologyPrevious resultGov.Ref.
Votes (%)Seats
JxSí Artur Mas 2015 (cropped).jpg Artur Mas Catalan independence
Big tent 		44.41% [lower-alpha 1] 71Yes check.svg [lower-alpha 5] [35]
[36]
PSC–PSOE Miquel Iceta 2015a (cropped).jpg Miquel Iceta Social democracy 14.43%20X mark.svg [37]
PP
List
 Xavier Garcia Albiol 2017 (cropped).jpg Xavier García Albiol Conservatism
Christian democracy 		12.98%19X mark.svg [38]
CatSíqueesPot Lluis Rabell 2015d (cropped).jpg Lluís Rabell Left-wing populism
Direct democracy
Eco-socialism 		9.90% [lower-alpha 2] 13X mark.svg [39]
C's Ines Arrimadas 2017b (cropped).jpg Inés Arrimadas Liberalism 7.57%9X mark.svg [40]
CUP Antonio Banos 2015 (cropped).jpg Antonio Baños Catalan independence
Anti-capitalism
Socialism 		3.48%3X mark.svg [41]
[42]
[43]
unio.cat Ramon Espadaler 2013 (cropped).jpg Ramon Espadaler Regionalism
Christian democracy 		New party [lower-alpha 6] X mark.svg [44]
[45]

Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC), Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC), Democrats of Catalonia (DC) and Left Movement (MES) agreed by mid-July 2015 to run together under the Junts pel Sí (English: Together for Yes) joint separatist list, with support from the pro-independence Catalan National Assembly (ANC), Òmnium and the also separatist Municipalities' Association for Independence (AMI). [35] Artur Mas was named as the agreed presidential candidate, even though, as a result of balance of power negotiations between ERC and CDC, he was placed 4th in the electoral ticket. [36] Instead, the list was to be headed by three independent figures: Raül Romeva, former MEP for ICV who had left the party for not supporting independence; Carme Forcadell, former ANC president and Muriel Casals, Òmnium chairwoman. Oriol Junqueras would follow in 5th place. [46] [47]

The coalition was thus scheduled to comprise the ruling centre-right CDC; its supporting centre-left partner in parliament, ERC; DC and MES, pro-independence splits from UDC and PSC, respectively; and members from separatist sectors of the civil society. [48] The Popular Unity Candidacy (CUP), which had also participated in the negotiations to form the unitary list, eventually refused on the grounds that "it was formed by politicians"—in reference to CDC and ERC's strong presence in the coalition's lists—and decided to run separately. [49]

After the success of Ada Colau's Barcelona en Comú platform in the 2015 Barcelona municipal election, its member parties Podemos, Initiative for Catalonia Greens (ICV) and United and Alternative Left (EUiA) entered talks for coalescing into a similar, regional-wide coalition for the September election to run as an alternative to Mas' independence plan. [50] [51] By 15 July 2015, negotiations between the parties were already close to success, and it was agreed that they would stand together in the Catalunya Sí que es Pot electoral platform (English: Catalonia Yes We Can). [52] [53] On 23 July, Lluís Rabell was presented as the platform's candidate for the regional premiership, [54] while ecologist party Equo announced its intention to join the coalition on 29 July. [55]

Campaign

Party slogans

Party or allianceSlogan (Catalan)Slogan (Spanish)English translationRef.
JxSí « El vot de la teva vida »« El voto de tu vida »"The vote of your life" [56] [57] [58]
PSC–PSOE « Per una Catalunya millor en una Espanya diferent »« Por una Cataluña mejor en una España diferente »"For a better Catalonia in a different Spain" [58] [59] [60]
PP « Units guanyem. Plantem cara »« Unidos ganamos. Plantemos cara »"United we win. Stand up!" [58] [61]
CatSíqueesPot « La Catalunya de la gent »« La Catalunya de la gente »"The Catalonia of the people" [58] [62]
C's « Una nova Catalunya per a tothom »« Una nueva Cataluña para todos »"A new Catalonia for everyone" [58] [63]
CUP « Governem-nos »« Gobernémonos »"Let's govern ourselves" [58] [64]
unio.cat « La força del seny »« La fuerza del sentido común »"The force of common sense" [58] [65]

Party stances

Source: Historia Electoral.com [29]
Stance on
independence		Parties and alliancesReferendumConstitutional
reform
Yes check.svg Yes Together for Yes Yes check.svgBlue question mark (italic).svg
Popular Unity Candidacy Yes check.svgBlue question mark (italic).svg
X mark.svg No Socialists' Party of Catalonia X mark.svgYes check.svg
People's Party X mark.svgX mark.svg
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry X mark.svgX mark.svg
Blue question mark (italic).svg Neutral Catalonia Yes We Can Yes check.svgYes check.svg
Democratic Union of Catalonia Yes check.svgYes check.svg

Election debates

2015 Catalan regional election debates
DateOrganisersModerator(s)   P Present   S Surrogate   NI Non-invitee  A Absent invitee 
JxSí PSC PP CSQP unio.cat C's CUP Refs
17 September 8tv
(El debat de '8 al dia')		Josep CuníP
Romeva 		P
Iceta 		P
Albiol 		P
Rabell 		P
Espadaler 		P
Arrimadas 		S
Gabriel 		[66]
17 September RTVE
(El Debat de La 1)		Maria CasadoS
Comín 		S
Granados 		S
Levy 		S
Coscubiela		S
Montañola 		S
Carrizosa 		P
Baños 		[67]
19 September TV3
(El Debat Electoral)		Mònica TerribasP
Romeva 		P
Iceta 		P
Albiol 		P
Rabell 		P
Espadaler 		P
Arrimadas 		P
Baños 		[68]
20 September laSexta
(El Debat)		Ana PastorP
Romeva 		P
Iceta 		P
Albiol 		P
Rabell 		P
Espadaler 		P
Arrimadas 		P
Baños 		[69]
23 September 8tv
(Cara a cara)		Josep CuníP
Junqueras 		NIP
Margallo 		NINININI [70]

Opinion polls

The tables below list opinion polling results in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll.

Graphical summary

OpinionPollingCataloniaRegionalElection2015.svg
Local regression trend line of poll results from 25 November 2012 to 27 September 2015, with each line corresponding to a political party.

Voting intention estimates

The table below lists weighted voting intention estimates. Refusals are generally excluded from the party vote percentages, while question wording and the treatment of "don't know" responses and those not intending to vote may vary between polling organisations. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font; 68 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Parliament of Catalonia.

Color key:

  Poll conducted after legal ban on opinion polls  Exit poll

Voting preferences

The table below lists raw, unweighted voting preferences.

Victory preferences

The table below lists opinion polling on the victory preferences for each party in the event of a regional election taking place.

Victory likelihood

The table below lists opinion polling on the perceived likelihood of victory for each party in the event of a regional election taking place.

Preferred President

The table below lists opinion polling on leader preferences to become president of the Government of Catalonia.

Color key:

  Poll conducted after legal ban on opinion polls

Results

Overall

← Summary of the 27 September 2015 Parliament of Catalonia election results →
CataloniaParliamentDiagram2015.svg
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes %±pp Total+/−
Together for Yes (JxSí)11,628,71439.59–4.8262–9
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)736,36417.90+10.3325+16
Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE)523,28312.72–1.6716–4
Catalonia Yes We Can (CatSíqueesPot)2367,6138.94–0.9611–2
People's Party (PP)349,1938.49–4.4911–8
Popular Unity Candidacy (CUP)337,7948.21+4.7310+7
Democratic Union of Catalonia (unio.cat)103,2932.51New0±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)30,1570.73+0.160±0
Zero Cuts–The Greens (Recortes Cero–EV)14,4440.35New0±0
Let's Win Catalonia (Ganemos)1,1670.03New0±0
Pirates of Catalonia–To Decide Everything (Pirata.cat/XDT)3270.01–0.490±0
Blank ballots21,8950.53–0.93
Total4,114,244135±0
Valid votes4,114,24499.61+0.51
Invalid votes15,9520.39–0.51
Votes cast / turnout4,130,19674.95+7.19
Abstentions1,380,65725.05–7.19
Registered voters5,510,853
Sources [29] [71] [72]
Footnotes:
Popular vote
JxSí
 
39.59%
C's
 
17.90%
PSC–PSOE
 
12.72%
CatSíqueesPot
 
8.94%
PP
 
8.49%
CUP
 
8.21%
unio.cat
 
2.51%
Others
 
1.12%
Blank ballots
 
0.53%
Seats
JxSí
 
45.93%
C's
 
18.52%
PSC–PSOE
 
11.85%
CatSíqueesPot
 
8.15%
PP
 
8.15%
CUP
 
7.41%

Distribution by constituency

Constituency JxSí C's PSC CSQP PP CUP
 %S %S %S %S %S %S
Barcelona 36.13218.81713.71210.198.888.37
Girona 56.11112.528.714.815.918.61
Lleida 55.21011.628.414.3−7.318.21
Tarragona 41.6919.4411.826.518.917.41
Total39.66217.92512.7168.9118.5118.210
Sources [29] [72]

Aftermath

Government formation

Investiture
Artur Mas (CDC)
Ballot →10 November 201512 November 2015
Required majority →68 out of 135 X mark.svgSimple X mark.svg
Yes
62 / 135
62 / 135
No
73 / 135
73 / 135
Abstentions
0 / 135
0 / 135
Absentees
0 / 135
0 / 135
Sources [29]

Following the failure to choose a leader in January 2016 in which 1,515 CUP members voted for Mas and the same number voted against him, [73] the assembly was due to be dissolved on 10 January and a new election called in March. [74] Rajoy supported the new election on the grounds that it could "quash" calls for independence.

Investiture
Carles Puigdemont (CDC)
Ballot →10 January 2016
Required majority →68 out of 135 Yes check.svg
Yes
70 / 135
No
63 / 135
Abstentions
2 / 135
Absentees
0 / 135
Sources [29]

A last minute deal was struck between Junts pel Sí and Popular Unity Candidacy to ensure a separatist government, although without Mas as president. [75] As a result, Carles Puigdemont assumed office on 12 January 2016 as Catalan president after his investiture was approved by the Parliament on 10 January. [76] [77]

2016 motion of confidence

Motion of confidence
Carles Puigdemont (PDeCAT)
Ballot →29 September 2016
Required majority →Simple Yes check.svg
Yes
72 / 135
No
63 / 135
Abstentions
0 / 135
Absentees
0 / 135
Sources [29]

Notes

  1. 1 2 Results for CiU (30.71%, 50 seats) and ERC–CatSí (13.70%, 21 seats) in the 2012 election.
  2. 1 2 Results for ICV–EUiA in the 2012 election.
  3. ↑ Transitory Provision Second of the 2006 Statute maintained the validity of the electoral regulations within the 1979 Statute, of application for as long as a specific law regulating the procedures for elections to the Parliament of Catalonia was not approved.
  4. ↑ Marina Geli, former PSC legislator. [33]
  5. ↑ CDC was in the government, while all other parties were in opposition providing confidence and supply support.
  6. ↑ unio.cat contested the 2012 election within CiU, securing 13 seats.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 Within JxSí.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 Within CatSíqueesPot.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 Within CiU.
  10. ↑ Catalunya en Comú and Llista del President (CDC+independents from civil society) hypothesis.
  11. 1 2 3 4 Within CeC.
  12. ↑ Undecided and/or abstentionists excluded.
  13. ↑ "Now is the time" (CiU, ERC and CUP+independents from civil society) hypothesis.

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The 2006 Catalan regional election was held on Wednesday, 1 November 2006, to elect the 8th Parliament of the autonomous community of Catalonia. All 135 seats in the Parliament were up for election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1995 Catalan regional election</span>

The 1995 Catalan regional election was held on Sunday, 19 November 1995, to elect the 5th Parliament of the autonomous community of Catalonia. All 135 seats in the Parliament were up for election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1992 Catalan regional election</span> Regional election in Catalonia

The 1992 Catalan regional election was held on Sunday, 15 March 1992, to elect the 4th Parliament of the autonomous community of Catalonia. All 135 seats in the Parliament were up for election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2010 Catalan regional election</span>

The 2010 Catalan regional election was held on Sunday, 28 November 2010, to elect the 9th Parliament of the autonomous community of Catalonia. All 135 seats in the Parliament were up for election. This was the first election held in Catalonia after the Constitutional Court of Spain struck down parts of the regional 2006 Statute of Autonomy that granted new powers of self-rule to the region. The ruling came after four years of deliberation concerning a constitutional appeal filed by the conservative People's Party (PP) under Mariano Rajoy and was met with anger and street protests throughout the region.

In the run up to the 2011 Spanish general election, various organisations carried out opinion polling to gauge voting intention in Spain during the term of the 9th Cortes Generales. Results of such polls are displayed in this article. The date range for these opinion polls is from the previous general election, held on 9 March 2008, to the day the next election was held, on 20 November 2011.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2012 Catalan regional election</span>

The 2012 Catalan regional election was held on Sunday, 25 November 2012, to elect the 10th Parliament of the autonomous community of Catalonia. All 135 seats in the Parliament were up for election. It was a snap election, announced on 25 September by President Artur Mas following the pro-independence demonstration in Barcelona on 11 September—the National Day of Catalonia—and the failed talks between President Mas and Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy to give greater fiscal autonomy to Catalonia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Junts pel Sí</span> Political party in Spain

Junts pel Sí was a Catalan electoral, political and parliamentary alliance focused on achieving the independence of Catalonia from Spain. Established ahead of the 2015 Catalan regional election, it was formed by Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC), Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC), Democrats of Catalonia (DC), Left Movement (MES) and Independence Rally (RI.cat), as well as a number of independent personalities from pro-independence sectors of civil society, including the pro-independence organizations Catalan National Assembly, Òmnium and the Association of Municipalities for Independence. The Popular Unity Candidacy (CUP) had been invited to participate in the alliance, but refused to do so and ran on its own instead, citing its disagreement with the presence of politicians in the list.

In the run up to the 2015 Spanish general election, various organisations carried out opinion polling to gauge voting intention in autonomous communities in Spain during the term of the 10th Cortes Generales. Results of such polls are displayed in this article. The date range for these opinion polls is from the previous general election, held on 20 November 2011, to the day the next election was held, on 20 December 2015.

In the run up to the 2011 Spanish general election, various organisations carried out opinion polling to gauge voting intention in autonomous communities and constituencies in Spain during the term of the 9th Cortes Generales. Results of such polls are displayed in this article. The date range for these opinion polls is from the previous general election, held on 9 March 2008, to the day the next election was held, on 20 November 2011.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2017 Catalan regional election</span> Regional election in Catalonia

The 2017 Catalan regional election was held on Thursday 21 December 2017 to elect the 12th Parliament of the autonomous community of Catalonia. All 135 seats in the Parliament were up for election. The election was called by Spanish prime minister Mariano Rajoy after the invocation of Article 155 of the 1978 Spanish Constitution to enforce direct rule in Catalonia and the subsequent dismissal of the Catalan government under President Carles Puigdemont. The three pro-Catalan independence parties won a slim majority of parliamentary seats, claiming 70 out of 135, but fell short of a majority in the popular vote by securing 47.6% of the share.

Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes was a Catalan pro-independence electoral alliance. The alliance was formed by Republican Left of Catalonia, Catalonia Yes and independents, and in the 2015 and 2016 Spanish general elections it was led by Gabriel Rufián.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1984 Catalan regional election</span>

The 1984 Catalan regional election was held on Sunday, 29 April 1984, to elect the 2nd Parliament of the autonomous community of Catalonia. All 135 seats in the Parliament were up for election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 Catalan regional election</span> 2021 election to elect the 13th Parliament of Catalonia

The 2021 Catalan regional election was held on Sunday, 14 February 2021, to elect the 13th Parliament of the autonomous community of Catalonia. All 135 seats in the Parliament were up for election.

In the run up to the 2015 Spanish local elections, various organisations carried out opinion polling to gauge voting intention in local entities in Spain. Results of such polls for municipalities in Catalonia are displayed in this article. The date range for these opinion polls is from the previous local elections, held on 22 May 2011, to the day the next elections were held, on 24 May 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2024 Catalan regional election</span>

The 2024 Catalan regional election will be held on Sunday, 12 May 2024, to elect the 14th Parliament of the autonomous community of Catalonia. All 135 seats in the Parliament will be up for election.

In the run up to the 2023 Spanish local elections, various organisations carry out opinion polling to gauge voting intention in local entities in Spain. Results of such polls for municipalities in Catalonia are displayed in this article. The date range for these opinion polls is from the previous local elections, held on 26 May 2019, to the day the next elections will be held, on 28 May 2023.

References

Opinion poll sources
  1. ↑ "CATALUÑA, Septiembre 2015. Sondeo a pie de urna TNS Demoscopia". Electograph (in Spanish). September 27, 2015.
  2. ↑ "Junts pel Sí (67/71), a tocar de la majoria absoluta". Directe.cat (in Catalan). September 26, 2015. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  3. ↑ "Les forces independentistes aconseguirien la majoria absoluta el 27S". El Periòdic d'Andorra (in Catalan). September 25, 2015.
  4. ↑ "Elecciones Autonómicas en Cataluña 2015". GAD3 (in Spanish). September 27, 2015.
  5. ↑ "ENQUESTA EXCLUSIVA '8 AL DIA': l'independentisme aconseguiria majoria absoluta el 27-S". 8TV (in Catalan). September 21, 2015.[ permanent dead link ]
  6. ↑ "CATALUÑA, Septiembre 2015. Sondeo Técnicas Demoscópicas". Electograph (in Spanish). September 21, 2015.
  7. 1 2 3 "Tracking electoral autonómico. Mes de septiembre de 2015" (PDF). Celeste-Tel (in Spanish). September 27, 2015.
  8. ↑ "El sondeo electoral definitivo del 27-S". Encuestamos (in Spanish). September 21, 2015. Archived from the original on September 25, 2015.
  9. ↑ "La candidatura de Juntos por el Sí toca techo". La Razón (in Spanish). September 21, 2015.
  10. ↑ "Radiografía del voto. Encuesta septiembre 2015" (PDF). La Razón (in Spanish). September 21, 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 27, 2015. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  11. ↑ "Junts pel Sí crece en campaña a costa de la CUP y confirma la clara mayoría absoluta independentista en escaños". Público (in Spanish). September 18, 2015.
  12. ↑ "Los partidos independentistas rozan la mayoría absoluta a una semana del 27S". Público (in Spanish). September 20, 2015.
  13. ↑ "Barómetro electoral autonómico. Mes de septiembre de 2015" (PDF). Celeste-Tel (in Spanish). September 20, 2015.
  14. ↑ "Los independentistas no llegan a la mitad de los votos a una semana del 27-S". ABC (in Spanish). September 20, 2015.
  15. ↑ "Junts pel Sí sigue creciendo y lograría la mayoría absoluta con el apoyo de la CUP". laSexta (in Spanish). September 21, 2015. Archived from the original on April 22, 2016. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  16. ↑ "Freno a la subida de la lista unitaria". La Razón (in Spanish). September 20, 2015.
  17. ↑ "Intención de voto elecciones catalanas". El Mundo (in Spanish). September 20, 2015.
  18. ↑ "Junts pel Sí avanza hasta situarse a tres escaños de la mayoría absoluta". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). September 20, 2015.
  19. ↑ ""Los mensajes en positivo podrían cambiar el voto"". Cadena SER (in Spanish). September 21, 2015.
  20. 1 2 "El ObSERvatorio de la Cadena SER. Preelectoral Cataluña (21/9/2015)" (PDF). MyWord (in Spanish). September 21, 2015.
  21. 1 2 "PP y PSC arañan medio punto desde la Diada". La Razón (in Spanish). September 19, 2015.
  22. 1 2 "Septiembre de 2015. Intención de voto al Parlamento de Catalunya" (PDF). Infortécnica (in Spanish). September 16, 2015.
  23. ↑ Noguer, Miquel (September 19, 2015). "El independentismo logra la mayoría en escaños y roza el 50% de los votos". El País (in Spanish).
  24. ↑ "Intención de voto en Cataluña". El País (in Spanish). September 18, 2015.
  25. ↑ "Cataluña: Los independentistas alcanzarían la mayoría absoluta en escaños". Metroscopia (in Spanish). September 19, 2015. Archived from the original on September 18, 2017. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  26. ↑ "Mas y la CUP logran la mayoría absoluta por escaños y rozarían ya el 50% de los votos". El Confidencial (in Spanish). September 18, 2015.
  27. ↑ "Mas y Junqueras lograrían 62 diputados, según el sondeo de Economía Digital". Economía Digital (in Spanish). September 17, 2015.[ permanent dead link ]
  28. ↑ "Los independentistas de Junts pel si, al borde de la mayoría absoluta". Telecinco (in Spanish). September 17, 2015.
  29. ↑ "Una Cataluña dividida en manos de Podemos". La Razón (in Spanish). September 17, 2015.
  30. ↑ "Radiografía del voto. Encuesta septiembre 2015" (PDF). La Razón (in Spanish). September 17, 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 27, 2015. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  31. ↑ "El CIS 'cocinó' su encuesta para reducir en más de cuatro puntos el voto a las filas independentistas". Público (in Spanish). September 12, 2015.
  32. ↑ "Anàlisi electoral. Fusió de dues enquestes de treball (12 de setembre de 2015)" (PDF). El Món (in Catalan). September 12, 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2015.
  33. ↑ "CATALUÑA, Septiembre 2015. Sondeo interno Junts pel Sí". Electograph (in Spanish). September 13, 2015.
  34. ↑ "El 62% de los catalanes, en contra de la independencia sin una mayoría de votos". laSexta (in Spanish). September 11, 2015.
  35. ↑ "Los secesionistas conseguirían la mayoría de escaños, pero no la de votos". Última Hora (in Spanish). September 13, 2015.
  36. ↑ "El independentismo catalán aventaja en número de diputados pero no en el de votos". Última Hora (in Spanish). September 13, 2015.
  37. ↑ "La lista independentista ganaría las elecciones catalanas". Encuestamos (in Spanish). September 7, 2015. Archived from the original on September 11, 2015.
  38. 1 2 3 4 5 "Preelectoral de Cataluña. Elecciones autonómicas 2015. (Estudio nº 3108. Agosto-Septiembre 2015)" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). September 10, 2015.
  39. ↑ "El día D". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). September 11, 2015.
  40. ↑ "Las listas independentistas obtendrán una holgada mayoría absoluta en el Parlament y un 48,8% de los votos". Público (in Spanish). September 3, 2015.
  41. ↑ "Junts pel Sí voreja l'absoluta". El Punt Avui (in Catalan). September 5, 2015.
  42. ↑ "CATALUÑA, Septiembre 2015. Sondeo GAPS". Electograph (in Spanish). September 4, 2015.
  43. ↑ "Un 46% de los catalanes, en contra de la independencia". El Mundo (in Spanish). September 7, 2015.
  44. ↑ "El independentismo obtendría una ajustada mayoría absoluta el 27-S". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). September 6, 2015.
  45. ↑ "El independentismo obtendría una ajustada mayoría absoluta el 27-S". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). September 6, 2015. Archived from the original on March 10, 2016. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  46. ↑ "La lista independentista, lejos de la mayoría absoluta". La Razón (in Spanish). August 27, 2015.
  47. ↑ "Radiografía del voto. Encuesta agosto 2015" (PDF). La Razón (in Spanish). August 27, 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 27, 2015. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  48. ↑ "Mas y Junqueras pierden 11 escaños tras anunciar su "lista unitaria"". La Razón (in Spanish). July 27, 2015.
  49. ↑ "La mayoría inexistente de los soberanistas catalanes" (PDF). La Razón (in Spanish). July 27, 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 27, 2015. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  50. ↑ "Las listas independentistas sumarán mayoría absoluta por la mínima en el Parlament de Catalunya tras el 27-S". Público (in Spanish). July 21, 2015.
  51. ↑ "CDC, ERC y la CUP no sumarían mayoría absoluta por separado". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). July 12, 2015.
  52. ↑ "Enquesta sobre la proposta de la "Llista per la independència" el 27S". Òmnium (in Catalan). July 5, 2015.
  53. ↑ "Una candidatura sobiranista sense polítics fregaria el 50% dels vots". Ara (in Catalan). July 5, 2015.
  54. ↑ "Una 'Catalunya en Comú' disputaría la victoria a la 'llista del president'". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). June 25, 2015.
  55. ↑ "Una 'Catalunya en Comú' disputaría la victoria a la 'llista del president'". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). June 25, 2015. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  56. ↑ "Solo un tercio de votantes de CiU quería mantener viva la federación". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). June 25, 2015. Archived from the original on July 15, 2015. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  57. ↑ "CiU y ERC quedan lejos de la mayoría y Ciutadans roza la segunda posición". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). May 3, 2015.
  58. 1 2 "Baròmetre d'Opinió Política 34. 1a onada 2015" (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). March 13, 2015.
  59. ↑ "El 'impasse' soberanista erosiona a CiU y ERC y espolea a Ciutadans". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). March 4, 2015.
  60. ↑ "El 'impasse' soberanista erosiona a CiU y ERC y espolea a Ciutadans". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). March 4, 2015. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  61. ↑ "Una encuesta secreta de Convergència le da a Mas una cómoda victoria sobre ERC". El Confidencial (in Spanish). January 26, 2015.
  62. ↑ "CATALUÑA, Enero 2015. Sondeo interno CiU". Electograph (in Spanish). January 26, 2015.
  63. ↑ "El bloque soberanista de Mas retrocede cuatro escaños". La Razón (in Spanish). January 19, 2015.
  64. ↑ "Radiografía del voto en Cataluña" (PDF). La Razón (in Spanish). January 19, 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 3, 2016. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  65. 1 2 "Un sondeig d'ERC fa de les llistes paraigua l'opció que més suma". Ara (in Catalan). December 29, 2014.
  66. ↑ "CATALUÑA, Diciembre 2014. Sondeo Tàstic". Electograph (in Spanish). January 11, 2015.
  67. 1 2 "Enquesta sobre context polític a Catalunya. 2014" (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). December 19, 2014.
  68. ↑ "CiU y ERC no suman mayoría ni con una lista única ni por separado". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). December 7, 2014.
  69. ↑ "La situación catalana". El Mundo (in Spanish). November 24, 2014.
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  71. ↑ "El 9-N devuelve a CiU el liderazgo y Podemos ya es la tercera fuerza". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). November 21, 2014.
  72. ↑ "El 9-N devuelve a CiU el liderazgo y Podemos ya es la tercera fuerza". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). November 21, 2014. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  73. ↑ "CDC y ERC suman menos escaños en lista conjunta que por separado". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). November 24, 2014. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
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  75. ↑ "Estimación JM 11/14 (Elecciones autonómicas)". Jaime Miquel (in Spanish). November 7, 2014.
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  78. ↑ "CiU obtendría los peores resultados de su historia por el efecto del "caso Pujol"". La Razón (in Spanish). September 8, 2014.
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  81. ↑ "CATALUÑA / CATALUNYA, Agosto 2014. Sigma Dos / El Mundo". Electograph (in Spanish). September 1, 2014.
  82. ↑ "La recta final del 9-N precipita la caída de CiU". La Razón (in Spanish). July 27, 2014.
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  84. ↑ "ERC saca más ventaja que nunca a CiU y Podemos logra 10 escaños". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). June 25, 2014. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  85. ↑ "Voto estimado a partir del sondeo" (PDF). El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). June 25, 2014.
  86. ↑ "CDC conseguiría casi los mismos escaños yendo sola que con Unió". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). June 26, 2014. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
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  88. ↑ "Proyección del resultado de las europeas en los parlamentos autonómicos". El País (in Spanish). May 31, 2014.
  89. ↑ "CiU mantiene una leve ventaja sobre ERC en un escenario muy fraccionado". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). May 12, 2014.
  90. 1 2 "Baròmetre d'Opinió Política 32. 1a onada 2014" (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). April 30, 2014.
  91. ↑ "Una Cataluña ingobernable". La Razón (in Spanish). April 21, 2014.
  92. ↑ "Radiografía del voto" (PDF). La Razón (in Spanish). April 21, 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 3, 2016. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  93. ↑ "CATALUÑA / CATALUNYA, Marzo 2014. Proyección Ara". Electograph (in Spanish). March 15, 2014. Archived from the original on March 6, 2015.
  94. ↑ "CiU coge aire y recupera el liderato ante una Esquerra que pierde fuelle". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). March 9, 2014. Archived from the original on March 14, 2016. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  95. ↑ "Voto estimado a partir del sondeo" (PDF). El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). March 9, 2014.
  96. ↑ "Sondeo elaborado por Sondeos R.A. España para Cataluña: Empate técnico entre ERC y CiU". Electomanía (in Spanish). February 16, 2014.
  97. ↑ "El independentismo se desinfla". La Razón (in Spanish). February 4, 2014. Archived from the original on February 4, 2014.
  98. ↑ "CiU y ERC libran una estrecha pugna por la primera plaza". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). December 22, 2013.
  99. ↑ "Radiografía del voto" (PDF). La Razón (in Spanish). December 15, 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 16, 2013. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  100. ↑ "CiU adelanta otra vez a ERC por el protagonismo de Mas". El Mundo (in Catalan). December 16, 2013.
  101. 1 2 "Baròmetre d'Opinió Política 31. 3a onada 2013" (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). November 22, 2013.
  102. ↑ Noguer, Miquel (November 2, 2013). "ERC confirma el 'sorpasso' a CiU". El País (in Spanish).
  103. ↑ "Intención de voto y valoración de los políticos". El País (in Spanish). November 1, 2013.
  104. 1 2 "Si hubiera elecciones autonómicas en Cataluña: estimación electoral". Metroscopia (in Spanish). November 5, 2013. Archived from the original on November 11, 2018. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  105. ↑ "La tensión soberanista afianza a Esquerra y catapulta a Ciutadans". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). October 28, 2013. Archived from the original on March 17, 2016. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  106. ↑ "Voto estimado a partir del sondeo" (PDF). El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). October 28, 2013.
  107. ↑ "El mapa electoral catalán de la transición se hace pedazos". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). October 6, 2013.
  108. 1 2 "El ObSERvatorio de la Cadena SER. Especial Cataluña (11/09/2013)" (PDF). MyWord (in Spanish). September 11, 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 1, 2019. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  109. 1 2 "Baròmetre d'Opinió Política 30. 2a onada 2013" (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). June 20, 2013.
  110. ↑ "ERC se pone en cabeza". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). June 7, 2013. Archived from the original on March 15, 2016. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  111. ↑ "Voto estimado a partir del sondeo" (PDF). El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). June 7, 2013.
  112. ↑ "Radiografía del voto" (PDF). La Razón (in Spanish). March 25, 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 3, 2016. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  113. 1 2 "Baròmetre d'Opinió Política 29. 1a onada 2013" (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). February 21, 2013.
  114. ↑ "ERC le come terreno a CiU". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). January 20, 2013. Archived from the original on March 8, 2016. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  115. ↑ "El pacto con ERC le cuesta a CiU dos escaños". La Razón (in Spanish). January 2, 2013.
  116. 1 2 "Enquesta preelectoral a Catalunya de cara al 27S. Setembre de 2015" (PDF). GESOP (in Catalan). September 6, 2015.
  117. 1 2 3 "Baròmetre polític de Catalunya. Juny de 2015" (PDF). GESOP (in Catalan). June 25, 2015.
  118. 1 2 "Baròmetre polític de Catalunya. Febrer de 2015" (PDF). GESOP (in Catalan). March 4, 2015.
  119. ↑ "Sondeig d'Opinió ICPS, 2014" (PDF). ICPS (in Catalan). December 22, 2014.
  120. 1 2 "Baròmetre polític de Catalunya. Novembre de 2014" (PDF). GESOP (in Catalan). November 21, 2014.
  121. ↑ "L'impacte de la confessió de Jordi Pujol. Setembre de 2014" (PDF). GESOP (in Catalan). September 6, 2014.
  122. ↑ "Baròmetre polític de Catalunya. Juny de 2014" (PDF). GESOP (in Catalan). June 26, 2014.
  123. 1 2 "Baròmetre polític de Catalunya. Febrer de 2014" (PDF). GESOP (in Catalan). March 9, 2014.
  124. 1 2 "Baròmetre polític de Catalunya. Octubre de 2013" (PDF). GESOP (in Catalan). October 28, 2013.
  125. ↑ "Sondeig d'Opinió ICPS, 2013" (PDF). ICPS (in Catalan). November 11, 2013.
  126. ↑ "Baròmetre polític de Catalunya. Maig de 2013" (PDF). GESOP (in Catalan). June 20, 2013.
  127. ↑ "Baròmetre polític de Catalunya. Gener de 2013" (PDF). GESOP (in Catalan). January 20, 2013.
Other
  1. 1 2 "Mas gana el pulso a ERC y convoca elecciones para el 27 de septiembre". El País (in Spanish). January 14, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Ley Orgánica 6/2006, de 19 de julio, de reforma del Estatuto de Autonomía de Cataluña". Organic Law No. 6 of 19 July 2006 (in Spanish). Retrieved March 14, 2017.
  3. ↑ Reig Pellicer, Naiara (December 16, 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Retrieved July 17, 2017.
  4. ↑ "Ley Orgánica 4/1979, de 18 de diciembre, de Estatuto de Autonomía de Cataluña". Organic Law No. 4 of 18 December 1979 (in Spanish). Retrieved March 14, 2017.
  5. ↑ Gallagher, Michael (July 30, 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on July 30, 2017. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
  6. ↑ "El TC tumba por unanimidad la declaración soberanista de Mas". ABC (in Spanish). March 25, 2014. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  7. ↑ "La jueza cita como imputado a Jordi Pujol por el dinero en Andorra". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). December 16, 2014. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  8. ↑ "Spain to block Catalonia independence referendum". BBC News. December 12, 2013. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  9. ↑ "Junqueras rechaza la lista unitaria pero propone un programa común". El País (in Spanish). November 12, 2014. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  10. ↑ "Mas busca independientes para diluir las siglas de CiU de su lista electoral". El País (in Spanish). November 24, 2014. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  11. ↑ "La culminació de les estructures d'estat, una altra part de l'acord" (in Catalan). CCMA. January 14, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  12. ↑ "La negociació dels pressupostos, part de l'acord entre Mas i Junqueras" (in Catalan). CCMA. January 14, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  13. ↑ "Mas demana disculpes pel clima de les darreres setmanes" (in Catalan). CCMA. January 14, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  14. ↑ "El govern espanyol diu que Mas no té 'ni interès ni capacitat' per a resoldre els problemes dels catalans" (in Catalan). VilaWeb. January 14, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  15. ↑ ""Frau, tragèdia, poca seriositat...": Madrid reacciona a l'anunci d'eleccions a Catalunya". Ara (in Catalan). January 15, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  16. ↑ "Unió consultará a sus militantes para definirse sobre el proceso soberanista". El País (in Spanish). February 21, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  17. ↑ "Unió somete a votación el compromiso con el plan soberanista". El País (in Spanish). June 14, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  18. ↑ "Duran logra un ajustado apoyo para condicionar el plan de Mas". El País (in Spanish). June 14, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  19. ↑ "Mas da tres días a Duran para que decida si apoya la independencia". El País (in Spanish). June 15, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  20. ↑ "Unió sale del Gobierno de Mas como rechazo al plan de independencia". El País (in Spanish). June 17, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  21. ↑ "CiU se desintegra: 'El proyecto político de la federación se ha acabado'". El Mundo (in Spanish). June 18, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  22. ↑ "La ruptura de CiU da vía libre a Mas para volcarse en su plan soberanista". El País (in Spanish). June 18, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  23. ↑ "Artur Mas firma el decreto de convocatoria de las elecciones del 27S". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). August 3, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  24. ↑ "Mas convoca el 27-S sin decir qué apoyo necesita para la independencia". El País (in Spanish). August 3, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  25. ↑ "Los constitucionalistas catalanes también encaran el 27-S con estrategia de plebiscito". Noticias de Gipuzkoa (in Spanish). August 6, 2015. Archived from the original on July 13, 2018. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  26. ↑ "El Gobierno pide neutralidad a Mas arremetiendo contra su candidatura". El País (in Spanish). August 3, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  27. ↑ "Rajoy advierte a Mas: "No habrá elecciones plebiscitarias como tampoco hubo referéndum"" (in Spanish). Europa Press. July 31, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  28. ↑ "Decreto 174/2015, de 3 de agosto, de convocatoria de elecciones al Parlamento de Cataluña y de su disolución" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (185): 69731. August 4, 2015. ISSN   0212-033X.
  29. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Eleccions al Parlament de Catalunya (1980 - 2021)". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved May 19, 2021.
  30. ↑ "Parlament de Catalunya: grups parlamentaris (1980 - ...)". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved May 19, 2021.
  31. ↑ "Diputats del Parlament de Catalunya (1932 - 2021)". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved May 19, 2021.
  32. ↑ "X legislatura". Parliament of Catalonia (in Catalan). Retrieved July 14, 2020.
  33. ↑ "Marina Geli deja el grupo parlamentario del PSC pero seguirá como diputada no adscrita". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). January 29, 2015. Retrieved February 5, 2020.
  34. ↑ "Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General". Organic Law No. 5 of 19 June 1985 (in Spanish). Retrieved December 28, 2016.
  35. 1 2 "Rull y Junqueras anuncian un principio de acuerdo Convergència-ERC sobre la lista unitaria". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). June 18, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  36. 1 2 "El Govern y ERC desautorizan a Romeva para blindar a Mas". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). July 24, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  37. ↑ "Iceta, candidato del PSC: 'Basta de engaños, del 27-S no saldrá la independencia'". El Mundo (in Spanish). July 25, 2015. Retrieved February 5, 2020.
  38. ↑ "Rajoy elige a Albiol para plantar cara a Mas el 27-S". El Mundo (in Spanish). July 28, 2015. Retrieved February 5, 2020.
  39. ↑ "La izquierda alternativa ya negocia una alianza electoral para el 27-S". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). June 26, 2015. Retrieved February 5, 2020.
  40. ↑ "Albert Rivera, proclamado candidato de Ciudadanos a la presidencia del Gobierno sin necesidad de primarias" (in Spanish). RTVE. July 3, 2015. Retrieved February 5, 2020.
  41. ↑ "La CUP ratifica presentarse bajo el nombre CUP-Crida Constituent a las elecciones del 27S" (in Spanish). Europa Press. July 11, 2015. Retrieved February 5, 2020.
  42. ↑ "El periodista Antonio Baños liderará la candidatura de la CUP". El País (in Spanish). July 30, 2015. Retrieved February 5, 2020.
  43. ↑ "La CUP ratifica al periodista Antonio Baños como candidato". El Mundo (in Spanish). August 10, 2015. Retrieved February 5, 2020.
  44. ↑ "Unió planta cara a Mas y concurrirá en solitario a las elecciones del 27-S". El País (in Spanish). June 20, 2015. Retrieved February 5, 2020.
  45. ↑ "Duran carga contra Mas y CDC por no negociar para evitar la ruptura". El País (in Spanish). June 26, 2015. Retrieved February 5, 2020.
  46. ↑ "El Consell Nacional de ERC ratifica la lista unitaria con CDC por asentimiento". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). July 15, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  47. ↑ "Raül Romeva, Forcadell y Casals encabezarán la lista de Mas del 27-S". El Mundo (in Spanish). July 15, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  48. ↑ "Mas doblega a ERC y el 27-S liderará la lista independentista". El Mundo (in Spanish). July 15, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  49. ↑ "David Fernández: "La última propuesta imposibilitaba cualquier acuerdo" por la lista unitaria". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). July 14, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  50. ↑ "Podemos e ICV ultiman una lista como alternativa a Mas para el 27-S". El País (in Spanish). June 25, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  51. ↑ "Els partits del 'Sí se puede' sí que fan candidatura unitària" (in Catalan). elSingular.cat. June 25, 2015. Archived from the original on July 16, 2015. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
  52. ↑ "'Catalunya Sí que es Pot' integrará a Podem, ICV-EUiA y Procés el 27-S". Público (in Spanish). July 15, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  53. ↑ "Catalunya Sí que es Pot, el nom de la confluència d'esquerres pel 27-S". Ara (in Catalan). July 15, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  54. ↑ "El líder vecinal Lluís Rabell será el candidato de Catalunya sí que es pot". El País (in Spanish). July 23, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  55. ↑ "Equo se integra en la confluencia de izquierdas Catalunya Sí que es pot". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). July 29, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  56. ↑ Masreal, Fidel (September 8, 2015). "'El vot de la teva vida', lema de Junts pel Sí". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Catalan). Barcelona. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  57. ↑ Masreal, Fidel (September 8, 2015). ""El voto de tu vida", lema de Junts pel Sí". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). Barcelona. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  58. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Arranca la campaña para el 27S: las elecciones catalanas más decisivas". El Economista (in Spanish). September 11, 2015. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  59. ↑ "'Per una Catalunya millor en una Espanya diferent. Tenim solucions', lema del PSC cap al 27-S". El Punt Avui (in Catalan). Barcelona. August 25, 2015. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  60. ↑ Romero, Juanma (September 13, 2015). "El PSC afronta el 27-S atacando a Podemos por su "ambigüedad" e igualando PP y C's". El Confidencial (in Spanish). Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  61. ↑ Julve, Rafa (September 7, 2015). "'Units guanyem. Plantem cara', eslògan del PP per al 27-S". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Catalan). Barcelona. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  62. ↑ Font, Marc (September 10, 2015). ""La Catalunya de la gente", cartel de campaña de Catalunya Sí Que es Pot". Público (in Spanish). Barcelona. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  63. ↑ ""Una nova Catalunya per a tothom", l'eslògan de campanya de C's pel 27-S". Nació Digital (in Catalan). August 24, 2015. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  64. ↑ Terrassa, Rodrigo (September 28, 2015). "Seis momentos para saber qué es la CUP". El Mundo (in Catalan). Madrid. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  65. ↑ Hinojosa, Silvia (September 11, 2015). "Unió ofrece 'seny' para reconstruir el antiguo espacio moderado de CiU". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  66. ↑ "Debate vibrante con la UE como motivo de discordia". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). September 18, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  67. ↑ "Especial eleccions a Catalunya 2015 - Debat Electoral" (in Catalan). RTVE. September 17, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  68. ↑ "El Debat Electoral" (in Catalan). CCMA. September 20, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  69. ↑ "'El Debat' de laSexta calienta la última semana de campaña electoral en Cataluña" (in Spanish). laSexta. September 20, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  70. ↑ "El debate Margallo-Junqueras, un duelo de altura por Europa". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). September 23, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  71. ↑ "Electoral results. Parliament of Catalonia election 2015". gencat.cat (in Catalan). Government of Catalonia . Retrieved September 24, 2017.
  72. 1 2 "Parliament of Catalonia election results, 27 September 2015" (PDF). www.juntaelectoralcentral.es (in Spanish). Central Electoral Commission. November 6, 2015. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
  73. ↑ "Catalonia pro-independence party fails to agree on new leader". Webindia123. December 28, 2015. Archived from the original on February 3, 2020. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  74. ↑ "Catalonia faces new election as leftist CUP rejects Mas". BBC News. January 3, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  75. ↑ "Artur Mas Steps Down And Announces 11th-Hour Separatist Deal In Catalonia". The Spain Report. January 9, 2016. Archived from the original on January 27, 2016. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
  76. ↑ "Junts pel Sí i la CUP tanquen un acord per a dur endavant la legislatura" (in Catalan). VilaWeb. January 9, 2016. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
  77. ↑ "Acord entre Junts pel Sí i la CUP amb Carles Puigdemont de president i sense Mas" (in Catalan). CCMA. January 9, 2016. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
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