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In bacteriology, gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their type of cell wall.
Pseudomonadota is a major phylum of Gram-negative bacteria. The renaming of several prokaryote phyla in 2021, including Pseudomonadota, remains controversial among microbiologists, many of whom continue to use the earlier name Proteobacteria, of long standing in the literature. The phylum Proteobacteria includes a wide variety of pathogenic genera, such as Escherichia, Salmonella, Vibrio, Yersinia, Legionella, and many others. Others are free-living (non-parasitic) and include many of the bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation.
Euryarchaeota is a phylum of archaea. Euryarchaeota are highly diverse and include methanogens, which produce methane and are often found in intestines, halobacteria, which survive extreme concentrations of salt, and some extremely thermophilic aerobes and anaerobes, which generally live at temperatures between 41 and 122 °C. They are separated from the other archaeans based mainly on rRNA sequences and their unique DNA polymerase.
Acidobacteriota is a phylum of Gram-negative bacteria. Its members are physiologically diverse and ubiquitous, especially in soils, but are under-represented in culture.
Porphyromonas is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, obligately anaerobic and non-motile genus from the family Porphyromonadaceae. There were 16 different Porphyromonas species documented as of 2015, which reside in both animal and human reservoirs. It was discovered more recently that Porphyromonas also exist in the environment, albeit to a lesser extent. This genus is notably implicated in the modulation of oral cavity, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract disease states. It is suggested that Porphyromonas either operate as benign bacteria pertinent to host immunity or are potential pathobionts that opportunistically provoke diseased states when homeostasis is disrupted. Despite its characterization not being fully elucidated due to sparse research, various studies report the prevalence of this genus at 58.7% in healthy states compared with 41.3% in diseased states.
Tepidibacter is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae.
Desulfomonile is a Gram negative, strict anaerobe and non-motile bacterial genus from the family of Syntrophaceae. Desulfomonile bacteria can reduce sulfur oxyanions to H2S.
Anoxynatronum is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming and moderately alkaliphilic bacterial genus from the family of Clostridiaceae, with one known species.
Anaeromusa is a Gram-negative and obligately anaerobic bacterial genus from the family of Sporomusaceae, with one known species.
Holdemania is a Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic and non-spore-forming genus from the family of Erysipelotrichaceae, with two known species: Holdemania filiformis and Holdemania massiliensis.
Atopostipes is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic and non-motile bacterial genus from the family of Carnobacteriaceae, with one known species.
Belliella is a Gram-negative, aerobic, chemoheterotrophic and non-motile bacterial genus from the family of Cyclobacteriaceae.
Anaerococcus is a genus of bacteria. Its type species is Anaerococcus prevotii. These bacteria are Gram-positive and strictly anaerobic. The genus Anaerococcus was proposed in 2001. Its genome was sequenced in August 2009. The genus Anaerococcus is one of six genera classified within the group GPAC. These six genera are found in the human body as part of the commensal human microbiota.
Desulfofaba is a Gram-negative, anaerobic, non-spore-forming and motile bacteria genus from the family of Desulfobacteraceae.
Tessaracoccus is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic and non-motile bacterial genus from the family Propionibacteriaceae.
Caldanaerobacter is a Gram-positive or negative and strictly anaerobic genus of bacteria from the family of Thermoanaerobacteraceae.
Anaerofustis is a Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacterial genus from the family of Eubacteriaceae with one known species. Anaerofustis stercorihominis was isolated from human feces.
Oscillospiraceae is a family of bacteria in the class Clostridia. All Oscillospiraceae are obligate anaerobes. However, members of the family have diverse shapes, with some rod-shaped and others cocci.
Cetobacterium is a Gram-negative, pleomorphic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile genus of bacteria from the family of Fusobacteriaceae.
Lillian V. Holdeman Moore was an American microbiologist who was instrumental in founding The Anaerobe Lab at Virginia Tech. The Anaerobe Lab was built in 1970 and lab scientists led the world in developing techniques to grow and identify anaerobic bacteria in culture. She was an authority in the field of anaerobic bacteriology and food poisoning.
References
- 1 2 Parte, A.C. "Allobaculum". LPSN .
- ↑ "Allobaculum". www.uniprot.org.
- ↑ "Allobaculum". Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: 1–2. 1 January 2015. doi:10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00759. ISBN 9781118960608.
