| Alteribacter | |
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| Genus: | AlteribacterGupta et al. 2020 |
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Information based from LPSN 2021 | |
Alteribacter is a genus of Gram-positive or Gram-variable, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales . [1] [2] The type species for this genus is Alteribacter auranticus. [3]
Alteribacter is composed of species originally belonging to the genus Bacillus , a large genus that displays extensive polyphyly among its members. The polyphyletic nature of this genus has long been recognized by the scientific community, [4] [5] and occurred partly due to the vague criteria used to assign species into this genus. [6] For example, many phylogenetically unrelated species possess the ability to form endospores under aerobic conditions, yet this criterion was deemed sufficient for inclusion into the genus Bacillus. [6] In order to clarify the complex taxonomic interrelationships of this genus, multiple studies focused on phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses have restricted Bacillus to only include species closely related to Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus [7] [1] as well as transferred many species into new novel genera such as Virgibacillus, Solibacillus, Brevibacillus and Ectobacillus . [8] [9] [10] [1]
The name Alteribacter is derived from the prefix "alter-" (which comes from the Latin adjective alter, and translates to "another") and the suffix "-bacter" (which comes from the Latin noun bacter, referring to a rod). Put together, the name Alteribacter refers to another rod. [1]
Members of the genus Alteribacter are aerobic, endospore-forming, non-motile cells. The bacterial colonies they form are generally yellowish/goldish-orange in colour and are catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Species can be found in Hungarian soda lakes and the rhizosphere soil of Populus euphratica tree in the Taklamakan desert. Alteribacter can survive in temperatures ranging from 10°C to 45°C, but optimal growth occurs in the range of 25-28°C. [1]
Analyses of genome sequences from Bacillaceae species have identified five conserved signature indels (CSIs) that are uniquely present in members of the Alteribacter genus in the proteins phosphatidylserine decarboxylase, tRNA pseudouridine (38-40) synthase TruA, competence/damage-inducible protein A, NO-inducible flavohemoprotein and ABC transporter substrate-binding protein. [1] These CSIs provide a method of differentiation in molecular terms to demarcate Alteribacter from other Bacillaceae genera and bacteria.
As of May 2021, there are a total of 3 species with validly published names in the genus Alteribacter. [3] From comparative genomic studies, species belonging to Alteribacter were found to exclusively share a number of conserved signature indels (a type of molecular marker) as well as form a monophyletic branch within various phylogenetic trees, indicating their unrelatedness to other Bacillus species. [1] This branching pattern was also reflected in the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB). [11] Together, these findings led to the transfer of these species into Alteribacter.
There is one non-validly published species, 'Bacillus lacisalsi", that was also found to branch reliably with other members of the Alteribacter clade as well as share the unique molecular markers. [1] However, transfer was not proposed for this species due to the lack of culture strain information. It is important to continually monitor and update these classifications as new Bacillus species are identified and their genome sequence and culture strain information becomes available.
Caldibacillus is a facultative anaerobe genus of bacteria that stains Gram-positive from the family of Bacillaceae. The type species of this genus is Caldibacillus debilis.
Metabacillus is a genus of rod-shaped bacteria exhibiting Gram-positive or Gram-variable staining in the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales. The type species for this genus is Metabacillus fastidiosus.
Neobacillus is a genus of rod-shaped bacteria that show Gram-positive or Gram-variable staining. This genus belongs under the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales. The type species of Neobacillus is Neobacillus niacini.
Cytobacillus is a genus of rod-shaped bacteria that stain either Gram-positive or Gram-variable in the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales. The type species for this genus is Cytobacillus firmus.
Peribacillus is a genus of rod-shaped bacteria that exhibits Gram-positive or Gram-variable staining that belongs in the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales. The type species for this genus is Peribacillus simplex.
Mesobacillus is a genus of gram-positive or gram-variable, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales. The type species for this genus is Mesobacillus jeotgali.
Ectobacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales. The type species for this genus is Ectobacillus panaciterrae.
Evansella is a genus of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales. The type species for this genus is Evansella cellulosilytica.
Ferdinandcohnia is a genus of rod-shaped bacteria that generally display Gram-positive staining in the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales. The type species for this genus is Ferdinandcohnia humi.
Gottfriedia is a genus of gram-positive or Gram-variable rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales. The type species for this genus is Gottfriedia luciferensis.
Heyndrickxia is a genus of gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales. The type species for this genus is Heyndrickxia oleronia.
Lederbergia is a genus of gram-positive or Gram-variable, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales. The type species for this genus is Lederbergia galactosidilyticus.
Margalitia is a genus of Gram-Positive or Gram-variable rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Margalitia shackletonii.
Niallia is a genus of Gram-Positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Niallia circulans.
Priestia is a genus of mostly Gram-Positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Priestia megaterium.
Robertmurraya is a genus of mostly Gram-Positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Robertmurraya siralis.
Schinkia is a genus of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Schinkia azotoformans.
Sutcliffiella is a genus of Gram-Positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Sutcliffiella cohnii.
Weizmannia is a genus of Gram-Positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Weizmannia coagulans.
Alkalicoccus is a genus of Gram-Positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Alkalicoccus saliphilus.