Anterior vagal trunk

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Anterior vagal trunk
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Course and distribution of the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves.
Details
Identifiers
Latin Truncus vagalis anterior
TA98 A14.2.01.174
TA2 6674
FMA 6226
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

The anterior vagal trunk is one of the two divisions (the other being the posterior vagal trunk) into which the vagus nerve splits as it passes through the esophageal hiatus to enter the abdominal cavity. [1] The anterior and posterior vagal trunks represent the inferior continuation of the esophageal nervous plexus inferior to the diaphragm. [2] The majority of nerve fibres in the anterior vagal trunk are derived from the left vagus nerve. [1]

Contents

The anterior vagal trunk is responsible mainly for providing parasympathetic innervation to the lesser curvature of the stomach, pylorus, gallbladder, and biliary apparatus. [1]

Anatomy

Branches

Clinical significance

The anterior vagal trunk and its branches are at risk of iatrogenic injury during surgeries of the distal oesophagus, stomach, proximal duodenum, gallbladder, and biliary tract. [1]

See also

Related Research Articles

Vagus nerve Cranial nerve X, for visceral innervation

The vagus nerve, also known as the tenth cranial nerve, cranial nerve X, or simply CN X, is a cranial nerve that interfaces with the parasympathetic control of the heart, lungs, and digestive tract. It comprises two nerves—the left and right vagus nerves—but they are typically referred to collectively as a single subsystem. The vagus is the longest nerve of the autonomic nervous system in the human body and comprises both sensory and motor fibers. The sensory fibers originate from neurons of the nodose ganglion, whereas the motor fibers come from neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and the nucleus ambiguus. The vagus was also historically called the pneumogastric nerve.

Stomach Digestive organ

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Duodenum First section of the small intestine

The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear, and the terms anterior intestine or proximal intestine may be used instead of duodenum. In mammals the duodenum may be the principal site for iron absorption. The duodenum precedes the jejunum and ileum and is the shortest part of the small intestine.

Esophagus Vertebrate organ through which food passes to the stomach

The esophagus or oesophagus, non-technically known also as the food pipe or gullet, is an organ in vertebrates through which food passes, aided by peristaltic contractions, from the pharynx to the stomach. The esophagus is a fibromuscular tube, about 25 cm (10 in) long in adults, that travels behind the trachea and heart, passes through the diaphragm, and empties into the uppermost region of the stomach. During swallowing, the epiglottis tilts backwards to prevent food from going down the larynx and lungs. The word oesophagus is from Ancient Greek οἰσοφάγος (oisophágos), from οἴσω (oísō), future form of φέρω + ἔφαγον.

Parasympathetic nervous system Division of the autonomic nervous system

The parasympathetic nervous system is one of the three divisions of the autonomic nervous system, the others being the sympathetic nervous system and the enteric nervous system. The enteric nervous system is sometimes considered part of the autonomic nervous system, and sometimes considered an independent system.

Articles related to anatomy include:

Celiac plexus Complex network of nerves located in the upper abdomen

The celiac plexus, also known as the solar plexus because of its radiating nerve fibers, is a complex network of nerves located in the abdomen, near where the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and renal arteries branch from the abdominal aorta. It is behind the stomach and the omental bursa, and in front of the crura of the diaphragm, on the level of the first lumbar vertebra.

Gastroduodenal artery

In anatomy, the gastroduodenal artery is a small blood vessel in the abdomen. It supplies blood directly to the pylorus and proximal part of the duodenum. It also indirectly supplies the pancreatic head.

Nerve plexus

A nerve plexus is a plexus of intersecting nerves. A nerve plexus is composed of afferent and efferent fibers that arise from the merging of the anterior rami of spinal nerves and blood vessels. There are five spinal nerve plexuses, except in the thoracic region, as well as other forms of autonomic plexuses, many of which are a part of the enteric nervous system. The nerves that arise from the plexuses have both sensory and motor functions. These functions include muscle contraction, the maintenance of body coordination and control, and the reaction to sensations such as heat, cold, pain, and pressure. There are several plexuses in the body, including:

Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

The superior pancreaticoduodenal artery is an artery that supplies blood to the duodenum and pancreas.

Cardiac plexus Bunch of vagus nerve branches that support the hearts functions

The cardiac plexus is a plexus of nerves situated at the base of the heart that innervates the heart.

Foregut Anterior part of the gastrointestinal tract

The foregut is the anterior part of the alimentary canal, from the mouth to the duodenum at the entrance of the bile duct. Beyond the stomach, the foregut is attached to the abdominal walls by mesentery. The foregut arises from the endoderm, developing from the folding primitive gut, and is developmentally distinct from the midgut and hindgut. Although the term “foregut” is typically used in reference to the anterior section of the primitive gut, components of the adult gut can also be described with this designation. Pain in the epigastric region, just below the intersection of the ribs, typically refers to structures in the adult foregut.

Superior mesenteric ganglion

The superior mesenteric ganglion is a ganglion in the upper part of the superior mesenteric plexus. It lies close to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery.

Vagotomy Surgical procedure

A vagotomy is a surgical procedure that involves removing part of the vagus nerve.

Esophageal plexus

The esophageal plexus is formed by nerve fibers from two sources, branches of the vagus nerve, and visceral branches of the sympathetic trunk. The esophageal plexus and the cardiac plexus contain the same types of fibers and are both considered thoracic autonomic plexus.

Posterior vagal trunk

The posterior vagal trunk is one of the two divisions into which the vagus nerve splits as it passes through the esophageal hiatus to enter the abdominal cavity. The anterior and posterior vagal trunks together represent the inferior continuation of the esophageal nervous plexus inferior to the diaphragm.

Outline of human anatomy Overview of and topical guide to human anatomy

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to human anatomy:

The nervous system, and endocrine system collaborate in the digestive system to control gastric secretions, and motility associated with the movement of food throughout the gastrointestinal tract, including peristalsis, and segmentation contractions.

The nerve of Latarjet or the posterior nerve of the lesser curvature is a branch of the anterior vagal trunk which supplies the pylorus. It is cut in selective vagotomy and preserved in highly selective vagotomy. It functions by increasing peristalsis and relaxing the sphincter, thus draining the contents of the stomach into the first part of duodenum. If damage occurs to this nerve, it can cause retention syndrome.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Baquiran, Maximo; Bordoni, Bruno (2022), "Anatomy, Head and Neck, Anterior Vagus Nerve", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID   31613476 , retrieved 2022-08-08
  2. "truncus vagalis". TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved 2022-08-08.
  3. 1 2 Netter, Frank H. (2006). Atlas of Human Anatomy : With netteranatomy.com (Netter Basic Science). Philadelphia: Saunders. p. 320. ISBN   1-4160-3385-8.