Bicuspidon Temporal range: Cenomanian-Maastrichtian | |
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Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Reptilia |
Order: | Squamata |
Clade: | † Polyglyphanodontia |
Genus: | † Bicuspidon Nydam and Cifelli, 2002 |
Type species | |
Bicuspidon numerosus Nydam and Cifelli, 2002 | |
Species | |
List of species
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Bicuspidon is an extinct genus of polyglyphanodont lizard known from the Late Cretaceous of North America, Europe and Africa, two species, B. numerosus [1] and B. smikros [2] are known from the Cenomanian of Utah in the Mussentuchit Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation and the Naturita Formation respectively. While B. hatzegiensis is known from the Maastrichtian Sânpetru Formation of Romania [3] and B. hogreli is known from the Cenomanian Kem Kem Beds of Morocco. [4] An indeterminate taxon closely related to B. hatzegiensis referred to as B. aff. hatzegiensis is known from the Santonian Csehbánya Formation of Hungary. [5] The dentition is heterodont, with conical anterior teeth and transversely oriented bicuspid posterior teeth. Analysis of dental microwear and macrowear patterns and jaw and tooth morphology of Bicuspidon specimens from the Csehbánya Formation suggests that it had a diverse diet consisting of both soft and hard food items. [6]
Characiformes is an order of ray-finned fish, comprising the characins and their allies. Grouped in 18 recognized families, more than 2000 different species are described, including the well-known piranha and tetras.
Paracimexomys is a genus of extinct mammals in the extinct Multituberculata order. Paracimexomys lived during the Cretaceous period. The few fossils remains come from North America. Some Romanian fossils were also tentatively assigned to this genus, though that classification now seems doubtful.
Mesodma is an extinct genus of mammal, a member of the extinct order Multituberculata within the suborder Cimolodonta, family Neoplagiaulacidae. It lived during the upper Cretaceous and Paleocene Periods of what is now North America. The earliest definitive record is from the late Santonian stage strata of the Straight Cliffs Formation. A single premolar tooth from the lower Cenomanian stage strata of the Cedar Mountain Formation has been tentatively assigned to this genus based on its similarity, but its describers noted that it is unlikely that Mesodma lived during that time.
Enchodus is an extinct genus of aulopiform ray-finned fish related to lancetfish and lizardfish. Species of Enchodus flourished during the Late Cretaceous, where they were a widespread component of marine ecosystems worldwide, and there is some evidence that they may have survived to the Paleocene or Eocene; however, this may just represent reworked Cretaceous material.
Hungarosaurus tormai, is a herbivorous nodosaurid ankylosaur from the Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) Csehbánya Formation of the Bakony Mountains of western Hungary. It is the most completely known ankylosaur from the Cretaceous of Europe.
Doratodon is an extinct genus of Late Cretaceous crocodylomorph that may have been a member of the Sebecosuchia. Doratodon was a relatively small animal with ziphodont teeth, meaning the teeth had flattened sides and serrated edges. Two species of Doratodon are known to science: D. carcharidens from Austria and Hungary, the type species; and D. ibericus from Spain. Teeth similar to those of Doratodon are also known from Italy and Romania, though they cannot be confidently assigned to this genus.
Bakonydraco is a genus of pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Late Cretaceous period of what is now the Csehbánya Formation of the Bakony Mountains, Iharkút, Veszprém, western Hungary.
Bothremydidae is an extinct family of side-necked turtles (Pleurodira) known from the Cretaceous and Cenozoic. They are closely related to Podocnemididae, and are amongst the most widely distributed pleurodire groups, with their fossils having been found in Africa, India, the Middle East, Europe, North America and South America. Bothremydids were aquatic turtles with a high morphological diversity, indicative of generalist, molluscivorous, piscivorous and possibly herbivorous grazing diets, with some probably capable of suction feeding. Unlike modern pleurodires, which are exclusively freshwater, bothremydids inhabited freshwater, marine and coastal environments. Their marine habits allowed bothremydids to disperse across oceanic barriers into Europe and North America during the early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian). The youngest records of the group are indeterminate remains from Saudi Arabia and Oman, dating to the Miocene.
Peirosauridae is a Gondwanan family of mesoeucrocodylians that lived during the Cretaceous period. It was a clade of terrestrial crocodyliforms that evolved a rather dog-like skull, and were terrestrial carnivores. It was phylogenetically defined in 2004 as the most recent common ancestor of Peirosaurus and Lomasuchinae and all of its descendants. Lomasuchinae is a subfamily of peirosaurids that includes the genus Lomasuchus.
Tethysaurus is an extinct genus of tethysaurine mosasauroid from the Early Turonian period. The only species is Tethysaurus nopcsai.
Iharkutosuchus is an extinct genus of basal eusuchian crocodyliform. Its fossils have been found in the Santonian-age Upper Cretaceous Csehbánya Formation in the Bakony Mountains of western Hungary.
Coelodus is an extinct genus of marine and possibly freshwater pycnodont fish. It contains only one definitive species, C. saturnusHeckel, 1854, from the Late Cretaceous of Slovenia. Other species from the Late Jurassic to the Eocene have also been attributed to this genus based on isolated dental elements, but their assignment to Coelodus is uncertain, and this genus likely represents a non-monophyletic wastebasket taxon. A potential diagnostic trait is a prearticular tooth row with three regular highly elongated teeth.
Pneumatoraptor is a genus of small paravian, possibly a dromaeosaurid, dinosaur that lived in Hungary. It is known from a single complete left shoulder girdle (scapulocoracoid) found in the Csehbánya Formation of the Iharkút locality in the Bakony Mountains of western Hungary. This formation dates to the late Cretaceous period about 85 million years ago.
The Csehbánya Formation is a geological formation in the Transdanubian Mountains of Veszprém County, Hungary. The formation dates to the Late Santonian of the Late Cretaceous. It represents a floodplain environment as opposed to the swampy lacustrine environment of the simultaneous Ajka Coal Formation, though there is complete overlap in terms of fauna. It underlies the Jákó Marl Formation, and laterally transitions to the Ajka Coal Formation.
Bakonybatrachus is an extinct genus of discoglossine discoglossid frog known from northwestern Hungary.
Polyglyphanodontia, also known as the Borioteiioidea, is an extinct clade of Cretaceous lizards. Polyglyphanodontians were the dominant group of lizards in North America and Asia during the Late Cretaceous.
Pannoniasaurus is an extinct genus of tethysaurine mosasauroid known from the Late Cretaceous Csehbánya Formation and Ajka Coal Formation of Hungary. It contains a single species, Pannoniasaurus inexpectatus, dubbed "unexpected" because it was discovered in freshwater sediments, unlike other mosasaurs, which were marine predators. It was a medium-sized mosasaur, reaching up to 6 metres (20 ft) in length.
Chromatogenys is an extinct genus of Scincomorph lizard from the Santonian of Hungary, containing the species C. tiliquoides. It is known from the Csehbánya Formation with the remains consisting of a partial right mandible, the name coming from the vibrant colours on the preserved specimen. The dentition is durophagous, and the animal likely ate hard shelled prey.
Distortodon is an extinct genus of polyglyphanodont lizard from the Late Cretaceous of Europe, containing the species D. rhomboideus found in the Csehbánya Formation from the Santonian of Hungary. It is distinguished from other polyglyphanodonts by having a more distal lingual cusp, creating a distinctive rhomboidal shape in occlusal view.
Pelsochamops is an extinct genus of Chamopsiid lizard, containing the single species P. infrequens from the Santonian aged Csehbánya Formation of Hungary, known from a partial dentary and maxilla fragments. It is the first chamopsiid known from Europe, the rest being known from North America.
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