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A lipoma is a benign tumor made of fat tissue. They are generally soft to the touch, movable, and painless. They usually occur just under the skin, but occasionally may be deeper. Most are less than 5 cm (2.0 in) in size. Common locations include upper back, shoulders, and abdomen. It is possible to have several lipomas.
A benign tumor is a mass of cells (tumor) that does not invade neighboring tissue or metastasize. Compared to malignant (cancerous) tumors, benign tumors generally have a slower growth rate. Benign tumors have relatively well differentiated cells. They are often surrounded by an outer surface or stay contained within the epithelium. Common examples of benign tumors include moles and uterine fibroids.
Synovial osteochondromatosis (SOC) (synonyms include synovial chondromatosis, primary synovial chondromatosis, synovial chondrometaplasia) is a rare disease that creates a benign change or proliferation in the synovium or joint-lining tissue, which changes to form bone-forming cartilage. In most occurrences, there is only one joint affected, either the knee, the hip, or the elbow. Rarely involves the TMJ.
Myositis ossificans comprises two syndromes characterized by heterotopic ossification (calcification) of muscle. The World Health Organization, 2020, has grouped myositis ossificans together with fibro-osseous pseudotumor of digits as a single specific entity in the category of fibroblastic and myofibroblastic tumors.
A dentigerous cyst, also known as a follicular cyst, is an epithelial-lined developmental cyst formed by accumulation of fluid between the reduced enamel epithelium and the crown of an unerupted tooth. It is formed when there is an alteration in the reduced enamel epithelium and encloses the crown of an unerupted tooth at the cemento-enamel junction. Fluid is accumulated between reduced enamel epithelium and the crown of an unerupted tooth.
The Stafne defect is a depression of the mandible, most commonly located on the lingual surface. The Stafne defect is thought to be a normal anatomical variant, as the depression is created by ectopic salivary gland tissue associated with the submandibular gland and does not represent a pathologic lesion as such. This cavity is commonly observed on panoramic radiograph.
Calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) is a rare developmental lesion that comes from odontogenic epithelium. It is also known as a calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor, which is a proliferation of odontogenic epithelium and scattered nest of ghost cells and calcifications that may form the lining of a cyst, or present as a solid mass.
The calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT), also known as a Pindborg tumor, is an odontogenic tumor first recognized by the Danish pathologist Jens Jørgen Pindborg in 1955. It was previously described as an adenoid adamantoblastoma, unusual ameloblastoma and a cystic odontoma. Like other odontogenic neoplasms, it is thought to arise from the epithelial element of the enamel origin. It is a typically benign and slow growing, but invasive neoplasm.
Chondroblastoma is a rare, benign, locally aggressive bone tumor that typically affects the epiphyses or apophyses of long bones. It is thought to arise from an outgrowth of immature cartilage cells (chondroblasts) from secondary ossification centers, originating from the epiphyseal plate or some remnant of it.
Cementoma is an odontogenic tumor of cementum. It is usually observed as a benign spherical mass of hard tissue fused to the root of a tooth. It is found most commonly in the mandible in the region of the lower molar teeth, occurring between the ages of 8 and 30 in both sexes with equal frequency. It causes distortion of surrounding areas but is usually a painless growth, at least initially. Considerable thickening of the cementum can often be observed. A periapical form is also recognized. Cementoma is not exclusive to the mandible as it can infrequently occur in the maxilla and other parts of the body such as the long bones.
Pellegrini–Stieda syndrome refers to the ossification of the superior part of the medial collateral ligament of the knee. It is a common incidental finding on knee radiographs. It is named for the Italian surgeon A. Pellegrini and the German surgeon A. Stieda (1869–1945). While the eponym is credited to Pellegrini and Stieda, the condition was first discovered by Köhler in 1903, before any namesakes. Pellegrini-Stieda combines the aforementioned radiographic findings and concomitant medial knee joint pain or restricted range of motion.
A lung nodule or pulmonary nodule is a relatively small focal density in the lung. A solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) or coin lesion, is a mass in the lung smaller than three centimeters in diameter. A pulmonary micronodule has a diameter of less than three millimetres. There may also be multiple nodules.
A pneumatocele is a cavity in the lung parenchyma filled with air that may result from pulmonary trauma during mechanical ventilation.
Fat necrosis is necrosis affecting fat tissue. The term is well-established in medical terminology despite not denoting a specific pattern of necrosis. Fat necrosis may result from various injuries to adipose tissue, including: physical trauma, enzymatic digestion of adipocytes by lipases, radiation therapy, hypoxia, or inflammation of subcutaneous fat (panniculitis).
A hibernoma is a benign neoplasm of vestigial brown fat. They were first described under the name ‘pseudolipoma’ by the German physician H. Merkel in 1906 and the term hibernoma was proposed by the French anatomist Louis Gery in 1914 because of its resemblance to brown fat in hibernating animals.
Neural fibrolipoma is an overgrowth of fibro-fatty tissue along a nerve trunk that often leads to nerve compression. These only occur in the extremities, and often affect the median nerve. They are rare, very slow-growing, and their origin is unknown. It is believed that they may begin growth in response to trauma. They are not encapsulated by any sort of covering or sheath around the growth itself, as opposed to other cysts beneath the skin that often are. This means there are loosely defined margins of this lipoma. Despite this, they are known to be benign. Neural fibrolipomas are often more firm and tough to the touch than other lipomas. They are slightly mobile under the skin, and compress with pressure.
A bone cyst or geode is a cyst that forms in bone.
Extraskeletal chondroma is a cutaneous condition, a rare benign tumor of mature cartilage.
Lipoblastoma is a type of rare, subcutaneous, benign, fatty tumor, found in infants, and children, more common in males with tendency of local recurrence. Local recurrence can happen in up to 80% of incompletely resected tumours. Therefore, complete surgical resection is required to prevent recurrence. It arises from embyronic white fat that is rapidly enlarging. Most common locations are at the trunk and extremities.
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is a condition characterized by abnormal calcification/bone formation (hyperostosis) of the soft tissues surrounding the joints of the spine, and also of the peripheral or appendicular skeleton. In the spine, there is bone formation along the anterior longitudinal ligament and sometimes the posterior longitudinal ligament, which may lead to partial or complete fusion of adjacent vertebrae. The facet and sacroiliac joints tend to be uninvolved. The thoracic spine is the most common level involved. In the peripheral skeleton, DISH manifests as a calcific enthesopathy, with pathologic bone formation at sites where ligaments and tendons attach to bone.
References
- ↑ Milgram, J W (April 1988). "Intraosseous lipomas: radiologic and pathologic manifestations". Radiology. 167 (1): 155–160. doi:10.1148/radiology.167.1.3347718. ISSN 0033-8419 . Retrieved 2 January 2025.
- ↑ Yip, TW; Chien, PYC (December 2024). "Case report illustrating evolution of an intraosseous lipoma: Radiology findings and differentials". Radiology case reports. 19 (12): 6621–6624. doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2024.09.071. PMID 39380835 . Retrieved 2 January 2025.
- ↑ Team, radRounds (22 July 2020). "Cockade Sign". radRounds Radiology Network. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
- ↑ Campbell, R. S. D.; Grainger, A. J.; Mangham, D. C.; Beggs, I.; Teh, J.; Davies, A. M. (1 April 2003). "Intraosseous lipoma: report of 35 new cases and a review of the literature". Skeletal Radiology. 32 (4): 209–222. doi:10.1007/s00256-002-0616-7. ISSN 1432-2161 . Retrieved 2 January 2025.
- ↑ "General approach to lytic bone lesions | Applied Radiology". appliedradiology.com. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
- ↑ Lamichhane, Bishesh; Lamichhane, Saral; Shah, Roshan; Yadav, Mamata; Pant, Sujata (2023). "Intraosseous lipoma of Calcaneum: A rare incidental finding". Clinical Case Reports. 11 (1): e6849. doi:10.1002/ccr3.6849. ISSN 2050-0904 . Retrieved 2 January 2025.
- ↑ Murphey, Mark D.; Carroll, John F.; Flemming, Donald J.; Pope, Thomas L.; Gannon, Francis H.; Kransdorf, Mark J. (September 2004). "From the Archives of the AFIP". RadioGraphics. 24 (5): 1433–1466. doi:10.1148/rg.245045120. ISSN 0271-5333 . Retrieved 2 January 2025.