Crime in Canada | |
---|---|
Crime rates* (2022) | |
Violent Criminal Code violations | |
Homicide | 2.25 (2022 Stat) |
Attempted murder | 2.16 |
Sexual assault | 90 |
Assault | 503 |
Robbery | 56 |
Uttering threats | 224 |
Total violent crime violations | 1,365 |
Property crime violations | |
Breaking and entering | 341 |
Theft of motor vehicle | 271 |
Theft over $5,000 | 62 |
Theft under $5,000 | 963 |
Mischief | 807 |
Total property crime violations | 3,314 |
Notes *Number of reported crimes per 100,000 population. Census population: 35,151,728 [1] Source: Police-reported crime for selected offences, Canada, 2021 and 2022 |
Crime in Canada is generally considered low overall. [2] Under the Canadian constitution, the power to establish criminal law & rules of investigation is vested in the federal Parliament. The provinces share responsibility for law enforcement (although provincial policing in many jurisdictions is contracted to the federal Royal Canadian Mounted Police), and while the power to prosecute criminal offences is assigned to the federal government, responsibility for prosecutions is delegated to the provinces for most types of criminal offences. Laws and sentencing guidelines are uniform throughout the country, but provinces vary in their level of enforcement. [3]
According to Statistics Canada, overall crime in Canada had been steadily declining since the late 1990s as measured by the Crime Severity Index (CSI) and the Violent Crime Severity Index (VCSI), with a more recent uptick since an all-time low in 2014. [4] Both measures of crime saw an 8% to 10% decrease between 2010 and 2018. [4] Violent crime, specifically homicide, has declined in Canada by over 40% since its peak in 1975, placing Canada 95th in the world by homicide rate—far worse than Australia, England, France and Ireland, and relatively close to poorer European countries. It is tied for first in the Americas with Chile (homicide rates are 2.7 times lower than in the United States).
More current crimes that are increasing include drug-related offences, fraud, sexual assault and theft, with fraud increasing 46% between 2008 and 2018. [5] The Crime Severity Index (CSI) in Canada rose by 2% in 2023, marking the third consecutive year of increase and the continuation of a trend that began in 2015. [6] The overall increase was significantly influenced by a rise in reported fraud, which was still identified as a major factor, extortion and child pornography cases, which soared by 52% in 2023. [6] According to the Institute for Economics & Peace Global Peace Index, Canada is ranked the 11th safest country in the world out of 163 countries. [7]
The Crime Severity Index (CSI) in Canada rose by 2% in 2023, marking the third consecutive year of increase and the continuation of a trend that began in 2015. The increase was largely attributed to significant shifts in certain types of crime, particularly in the Non-violent CSI, while the Violent CSI saw minimal change. Data showed that the police-reported crime rate per 100,000 people was 5,843 in 2023, reflecting a 2. 5% annual change. Both the Violent Crime Severity Index and the Non-violent Crime Severity Index recorded values of 99. 5 and 73. 5, respectively. [6]
In 2023, there were 778 victims of homicide, 104 fewer than in 2022. Gang-related homicides continued to account for about one-quarter (22%) of all homicides; 78% of these were committed with a firearm, most often a handgun. The proportion of women who were killed by their spouse or intimate partner was approximately 5 times higher than the proportion of men (31% versus 6%).The number of police-reported hate crimes was 4,777 a 32% increase from 2022. Hate crimes targeting a religion or a sexual orientation accounted for most of the increase. [8]
The overall increase in the CSI was significantly influenced by a rise in reported child pornography cases, which soared by 52% in 2023. The increase was deemed partly due to enhanced awareness and better collaboration among law enforcement agencies. Other contributors to the CSI included increases in fraud and shoplifting rates, with fraud rising by 12% and shoplifting of amounts under $5,000 rising by 18%. [6]
Conversely, some crime types saw a decline, including breaking and entering, which dropped by 5%, continuing a slow decline observed since the 1990s. While the Violent CSI remained virtually unchanged, the police reported lower rates of homicide and sexual offenses against children, with a decrease of 14% in homicide rates compared to the previous year. [6]
Several crime types emphasized in the report include fraud, which was identified as a major factor, and extortion, rising by 35% for the fourth consecutive year. Despite the rise in reported incidents, many cases of fraud remain unreported. Reports indicated that only about 11% of fraud victims decided to notify the authorities. [6]
The statistics also highlighted the changing landscape of theft-related crimes, as motor vehicle theft and robbery rates saw increases. Notably, while motor vehicle theft has risen by 5% from the previous year, the rate remains about 50% lower than it was 25 years ago. Relationships to robbery showed a similar trend, with a 4% rise in incidents but still being lower than historical figures from years ago. [6]
Crime statistics vary considerably through different parts of Canada. In general, the eastern provinces have the lowest violent crime rates while the western provinces have higher rates and the territories higher still. Of the provinces, Manitoba and Saskatchewan have the highest violent crime rates.
In Newfoundland and Labrador, the 2023 Crime Severity Index was 86. 3, experiencing a 5. 1% increase. The police-reported crime rate for the province stood at 7,175, also rising by 5. 0%. Similar trends were noted across various provinces, with notable increases in other areas including Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, while some areas like Nova Scotia reported a slight decrease in their Crime Severity Index. [6]
The chart below also shows that Saskatchewan has the highest provincial assault rate, and that Manitoba has the highest provincial sexual assault rate, robbery rate and homicide rate of any Canadian province. In many instances the crime rates in the Yukon, North West Territories and Nunavut are the highest in the country and can be up to ten times the national average.
2020 crime statistics for the provinces and territories are given below, as reported by Statistics Canada. [9]
Province/Territory | Total of all violations | Violent Criminal Code violations (total) | Homicide | Attempted murder | Sexual assault (not including against children) | Sexual violations against children | Assault (not including against a police officer) | Assaults against a police officer | Discharge firearm with intent | Robbery | Forcible confinement or kidnapping | Extortion | Criminal harassment | Uttering threats | Indecent/Harassing communications | Other violent violations | Property crime violations (total) | Breaking and entering | Theft of motor vehicle | Theft over $5000 (non-motor vehicle) | Theft under $5000 (non-motor vehicle) | Fraud | Identity theft and identity fraud | Mischief | Other property crime violations | Other Criminal Code violations (total) | Child pornography (including making and distributing) | Disturb the peace | Administration of justice violations | Other Criminal Code violations (all other violations) | Criminal Code traffic violations (total) | Impaired driving | Other Criminal Code traffic violations | Federal Statute violations (total) | Drug violations (total) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Canada | 5703.54 | 1051.62 | 1.95 | 2.14 | 57.91 | 19.06 | 574.05 | 27.47 | 2.98 | 60.05 | 10.43 | 8.28 | 51.88 | 166.59 | 41.96 | 27.14 | 3206.84 | 438.51 | 216.91 | 42.48 | 1365.91 | 299.05 | 46.92 | 717.44 | 79.62 | 965.39 | 17.21 | 268.84 | 560.17 | 119.17 | 341.53 | 194.31 | 147.22 | 339.16 | 262.96 | ||
NL | 6478.06 | 1327.42 | 1.32 | 1.32 | 58.85 | 23.39 | 693.61 | 25.47 | 3.58 | 42.07 | 6.98 | 7.36 | 67.53 | 329.73 | 45.08 | 21.13 | 3375.41 | 509.69 | 92.81 | 43.76 | 1004.1 | 269.37 | 11.51 | 1407.58 | 36.59 | 1221.59 | 16.41 | 438.38 | 617.4 | 149.4 | 325.2 | 259.56 | 65.64 | 228.44 | 185.24 | ||
PE | 4949.24 | 785.74 | 0 | 0 | 47.09 | 22.2 | 399.6 | 6.73 | 0.67 | 12.11 | 2.69 | 2.69 | 52.47 | 151.36 | 78.04 | 10.09 | 2916.94 | 255.64 | 59.87 | 22.87 | 1276.83 | 390.85 | 21.53 | 836.2 | 53.15 | 619.58 | 16.14 | 264.38 | 232.76 | 106.3 | 397.58 | 328.29 | 69.29 | 229.4 | 187.69 | ||
NS | 5540.17 | 1153.45 | 1.37 | 2.74 | 65.93 | 22.12 | 561.56 | 34.54 | 1.37 | 28.44 | 10.64 | 6.64 | 45.81 | 242.65 | 102.79 | 26.85 | 2843.18 | 307.21 | 96.05 | 24.75 | 1221.06 | 296.68 | 15.8 | 771.35 | 110.28 | 882.25 | 21.49 | 158.4 | 553.13 | 149.23 | 326.07 | 263.4 | 62.67 | 335.23 | 287.62 | ||
NB | 5291.89 | 1176.56 | 1.45 | 0.92 | 48.63 | 22.99 | 623.16 | 30.79 | 1.98 | 29.86 | 4.89 | 4.23 | 69.37 | 257.01 | 59.33 | 21.95 | 2696.16 | 429.98 | 124.34 | 30.13 | 1057.64 | 235.6 | 24.45 | 718.44 | 75.58 | 823.62 | 14.27 | 189.88 | 457.07 | 162.4 | 300.09 | 221.46 | 78.63 | 295.46 | 221.6 | ||
QC | 3567.02 | 950.41 | 0.8 | 2.29 | 49.19 | 23.11 | 483.88 | 30.42 | 1.27 | 44.45 | 16.69 | 13.7 | 61.9 | 180.2 | 8.56 | 33.95 | 1854.28 | 371.75 | 143.24 | 35.55 | 705.84 | 181.01 | 58.42 | 314.94 | 43.53 | 442.21 | 9.7 | 6.41 | 362.98 | 63.12 | 480.02 | 180.46 | 299.56 | 340.1 | 293.93 | ||
ON | 3011.72 | 789.81 | 1.47 | 1.86 | 53.39 | 13.92 | 421.06 | 18.69 | 3.4 | 59.01 | 7.16 | 5.7 | 54.98 | 104.06 | 21.81 | 23.3 | 2286.89 | 285.55 | 123.17 | 32.46 | 1108.64 | 292.48 | 34.78 | 372.62 | 37.19 | 531.65 | 10.63 | 39.65 | 407.83 | 73.54 | 201.4 | 105.59 | 95.81 | 221.97 | 179.63 | ||
MB | 9446.88 | 1938.05 | 3.19 | 3.26 | 108.57 | 36.34 | 1210.5 | 62.13 | 5.23 | 156.21 | 10.92 | 3.34 | 16.77 | 246.26 | 44.38 | 30.95 | 5093.28 | 727.7 | 313.1 | 34.82 | 1437.72 | 268.79 | 26.94 | 2157.98 | 126.23 | 1775.32 | 16.31 | 671.71 | 903.86 | 183.44 | 324.7 | 257.26 | 67.44 | 315.52 | 206.35 | ||
SK | 13305.3 | 2027.58 | 4.69 | 5.74 | 103.94 | 32.42 | 1289.38 | 49.89 | 6.87 | 85.87 | 13.3 | 5.21 | 48.58 | 266.72 | 68.31 | 46.66 | 6553.36 | 886.9 | 492.16 | 54.93 | 1882.97 | 564.04 | 51.71 | 2402.59 | 218.06 | 3164.78 | 14.78 | 551.44 | 2294.91 | 303.65 | 811.12 | 554.22 | 256.9 | 748.46 | 300.36 | ||
AB | 8801.19 | 1243.53 | 2.73 | 1.25 | 63.45 | 17.61 | 721.63 | 30.9 | 4.56 | 71.41 | 12.51 | 6.47 | 46.04 | 179.38 | 58.29 | 27.3 | 5205.65 | 658.12 | 536.13 | 76.3 | 2112.83 | 428.2 | 63.27 | 1112.89 | 217.91 | 1610.56 | 8.63 | 437.16 | 980.56 | 184.21 | 407.11 | 286.65 | 120.46 | 334.34 | 275.63 | ||
BC | 8674.51 | 1139.34 | 1.83 | 2.4 | 50.17 | 15.59 | 589.2 | 26.05 | 1.85 | 62.17 | 7.01 | 11.32 | 34.87 | 200.31 | 115.1 | 21.47 | 5001.44 | 628.02 | 294.76 | 58.82 | 2578.37 | 364.13 | 67.66 | 913.18 | 96.5 | 1597.37 | 58 | 901.29 | 432.32 | 205.76 | 330.18 | 240.99 | 89.19 | 606.17 | 452.63 | ||
YT | 24319.85 | 4147.55 | 10.67 | 2.67 | 200.05 | 58.68 | 2627.23 | 85.35 | 0 | 58.68 | 21.34 | 5.33 | 117.36 | 701.48 | 181.37 | 77.34 | 9225.97 | 672.14 | 469.43 | 72.02 | 2440.52 | 472.1 | 13.34 | 4979.73 | 106.69 | 9169.96 | 18.67 | 6244 | 2544.54 | 362.75 | 1165.58 | 976.21 | 189.37 | 610.8 | 450.76 | ||
NT | 43457.24 | 7836.92 | 6.75 | 0 | 310.33 | 85.45 | 5313.81 | 139.42 | 15.74 | 69.71 | 47.22 | 13.49 | 175.4 | 1216.58 | 353.05 | 89.97 | 20661.58 | 1014.19 | 526.21 | 40.48 | 1931.68 | 301.33 | 11.25 | 16697.02 | 139.42 | 12089.32 | 20.24 | 8632.98 | 2797.45 | 638.65} | 1738.29 | 1490.93 | 247.36 | 1131.13 | 859.03 | ||
NU | 35790.95 | 8152.2 | 2.7 | 24.27 | 418 | 277.76 | 5361.1 | 204.95 | 35.06 | 26.97 | 59.33 | 5.39 | 188.77 | 1092.17 | 374.84 | 80.89 | 15171.78 | 1766.36 | 323.61 | 29.66 | 725.42 | 210.34 | 5.4 | 11970.77 | 140.22 | 11088.94 | 8.09 | 8146.81 | 2491.77 | 442.27 | 790.14 | 644.52 | 145.62 | 587.89 | 544.74 |
CMAs in Canada – Violent Crime Severity Index, by year [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
City | 2020 | 2019 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | ||
Abbotsford–Mission | 77.2 | 86.4 | 82.3 | 90.4 | 81.1 | 70.7 | 79.7 | 72.4 | 89.8 | 118.8 | ||
Barrie | 44.9 | 53.1 | 46.3 | 43.8 | 42.3 | 38.6 | 46.1 | 49.2 | 50.1 | 53.9 | ||
Brantford | 80.8 | 83.4 | 88.4 | 70.0 | 73.5 | 73.9 | 67.6 | 84.5 | 92.5 | 91.5 | ||
Calgary | 78.0 | 92.9 | 61.3 | 72.1 | 63.0 | 62.0 | 61.2 | 72.1 | 82.1 | 84.8 | ||
Edmonton | 104.8 | 114.9 | 102.5 | 103.9 | 93.3 | 89.7 | 95.8 | 105.9 | 106 | 118.7 | ||
Gatineau | 51.4 | 55.8 | 63.8 | 55.9 | 57.5 | 65.1 | 71.4 | 68.1 | 59.7 | 74.5 | ||
Greater Sudbury | 87.8 | 82.1 | 61.4 | 63.9 | 62.9 | 66.3 | 75.4 | 78.7 | 85 | 98.1 | ||
Guelph | 63.1 | 64.6 | 49.1 | 47.3 | 44.1 | 42.5 | 53.8 | 48.2 | 44.5 | 49.2 | ||
Halifax | 64.3 | 60.7 | 60.2 | 77.3 | 79.0 | 73.6 | 84.8 | 92.4 | 111.7 | 105.6 | 120.0 | |
Hamilton | 55.5 | 66.0 | 54.6 | 55.0 | 59.9 | 62.5 | 75.8 | 80.9 | 84.3 | |||
Kelowna | 111.9 | 121.4 | 62.7 | 69.8 | 60.4 | 67.1 | 81.8 | 86.0 | 95.9 | 104.3 | ||
Kingston | 70.6 | 67.8 | 38.5 | 54.5 | 44.3 | 48.6 | 53.7 | 48.1 | 54.5 | 71.9 | ||
Kitchener–Cambridge–Waterloo | 74.7 | 73.3 | 60.1 | 54.5 | 51.1 | 57.0 | 60.9 | 69.5 | 69.8 | 65.1 | ||
London | 74.7 | 75.1 | 59.4 | 56.7 | 49.0 | 56.9 | 64.1 | 70.5 | 74.3 | 69.9 | ||
Moncton | 104.2 | 108.9 | 79.3 | 75.6 | 74.5 | 66.5 | 73.4 | 68.2 | 72.4 | 79.4 | ||
Montreal | 52.7 | 58.0 | 73.1 | 76.1 | 72.5 | 79.5 | 87.8 | 97.7 | 98.3 | 102.7 | ||
Ottawa | 48.3 | 57.0 | 62.1 | 53.7 | 49.6 | 56.1 | 58.2 | 63.9 | 67.5 | 78.1 | ||
Peterborough | 62.1 | 54.4 | 68.9 | 56.9 | 51.7 | 57.7 | 66.2 | 60.2 | 65.8 | 59.5 | ||
Quebec | 100 | 43.1 | 47.5 | 48.3 | 50.8 | 48.6 | 51.3 | 50.9 | ||||
Regina | 104.8 | 130.0 | 124.1 | 107.9 | 103.8 | 105.8 | 110.1 | 123.5 | 151.2 | 155.6 | ||
Saguenay | 67.7 | 47.7 | 61.3 | 58.2 | 57.2 | 79.4 | 55.2 | 59.2 | 72.8 | |||
Saint John | 43.9 | 56.1 | 49.3 | 64.3 | 63.8 | 65.7 | 61.6 | 59.5 | 68.0 | 91.3 | 96.4 | 100.3 |
Saskatoon | 105.7 | 117.3 | 114.0 | 113.5 | 122.6 | 109.9 | 126.4 | 134.5 | 155.7 | 154.7 | ||
Sherbrooke | 47.8 | 47.2 | 55.6 | 44.1 | 51.6 | 45.3 | 49.7 | 49.3 | N/A | 54.2 | ||
St. Catharines–Niagara | 58.1 | 64.3 | 37.6 | 42.2 | 40.9 | 49.3 | 54.1 | 48.0 | 56.9 | 63.5 | ||
St. John's | 88.9 | 71.3 | 79.6 | 69.5 | 79.5 | 77.3 | 74.7 | 90.1 | 69.3 | |||
Thunder Bay | 93.8 | 100.6 | 125.6 | 119.2 | 138.5 | 110.9 | 118.8 | 128.7 | 138.5 | 136.1 | ||
Toronto | 46.2 | 54.2 | 70.4 | 64.6 | 63.5 | 68.2 | 78.4 | 84.7 | 88.4 | 94.5 | ||
Trois-Rivières | 47.7 | 51.8 | 46.2 | 59.9 | 57.3 | 51.4 | 46.4 | 46.2 | 44.4 | 56.0 | ||
Vancouver | 88.6 | 95.4 | 77.8 | 85.0 | 78.2 | 83.6 | 92.6 | 98.3 | 108.2 | 117.8 | ||
Victoria | 75.8 | 74.3 | 56.8 | 69.1 | 58.4 | 54.4 | 63.7 | 70.9 | 81.3 | 81.0 | ||
Windsor | 83.3 | 80.3 | 58.1 | 67.7 | 57.0 | 61.9 | 66.4 | 59.8 | 65.1 | 74.6 | ||
Winnipeg | 116.3 | 131.7 | 149.6 | 122.1 | 116.1 | 119.9 | 145.4 | 173.8 | 163.9 | 187.0 | ||
Canada | 73.4 | 79.5 | 75.3 | 74.5 | 70.2 | 73.7 | 81.4 | 85.3 | 88.9 | 93.7 |
In 2005, there were 61,050 police officers in Canada which equates to one police officer per 528.6 persons, but with significant regional variations. [19] Newfoundland and Labrador and Prince Edward Island have the fewest police per capita with 664.9 and 648.4 persons per police officer, respectively. Conversely, the highest ratio of police to population is found in Canada's northern territories; Nunavut has 247.9 persons per police officer, the Northwest Territories has 248.5 persons per officer and the Yukon has 258.2 persons for each police officer. [20]
That is a substantially lower rate than most developed countries with only Japan and Sweden having so few police officers. The United States has one officer per 411.5 persons, and Germany 344.8.
Canada's national police force is the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) which is the main police force in Canada's north, and in rural areas except in Quebec, Ontario, and Newfoundland. Those three provinces have their own provincial police forces, although the RCMP still operate throughout rural Newfoundland and also provide specific federal policing services in Ontario and Quebec. Many cities and districts have their own municipal police forces, while others have contracts with the provincial police or RCMP to police their communities.
Comparing crime rates between countries is difficult due to the differences in jurisprudence, reporting and crime classifications. National crime statistics are in reality statistics of only selected crime types. Data are collected through various surveying methods that have previously ranged between 15% and 100% coverage of the data. A 2001 Statistics Canada study concluded that comparisons with the U.S. on homicide rates were the most reliable. Comparison of rates for six lesser incident crimes was considered possible but subject to more difficulty of interpretation. For example, types of assaults receive different classifications and laws in Canada and the U.S., making comparisons more difficult than homicides. At the time, the U.S. crime of aggravated assault could be compared to the sum of three Canadian crimes (aggravated assault, assault with a weapon, and attempted murder). This comparison had a predicted bias that would inflate the Canadian numbers by only 0.1%. The study also concluded that directly comparing the two countries' reported total crime rate (i.e. total selected crimes) was "inappropriate" since the totals include the problem data sets as well as the usable sets. [22] For reasons like these, homicides have been favored in international studies looking for predictors of crime rates (predictors like economic inequality).
Crime Comparison Between Selected Countries (Reported crimes per 100 000 population) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Country | Homicide | Robbery | Sexual Assault | Statistics Year | ||||||||
Canada | 1.6 | 79.4 | 62.9 | 2012 [23] | ||||||||
Australia | 1.3 | 63.3 | 80.1 | 2011 [24] [25] | ||||||||
England and Wales | 1.0 | 119.3 | 78.2 | 2012 [26] [27] [28] | ||||||||
Ireland | 1.0 | 61.1 | 39.7 | 2011 [29] [30] | ||||||||
New Zealand | 0.9 | 47.1 | 76.5 | 2012 [31] | ||||||||
Northern Ireland | 1.5 | 72.6 | 88.9 | 2010/2011 [32] [33] | ||||||||
Scotland | 1.7 | 34.9 | 85.1 | 2012/2013 [34] [35] | ||||||||
South Africa | 30.1 | 297.5 | 2012 [36] [37] | |||||||||
United States of America | 4.5 | 102.2 | 110 | 2014 [38] [39] | ||||||||
Much study has been done of the comparative experience and policies of Canada with its southern neighbour the United States, and this is a topic of intense discussion within Canada.
Historically, the violent crime rate in Canada was far lower than that of the U.S.. For example, in 2000 the United States' rate for robberies was 65% higher, its rate for aggravated assault was more than double, and its murder rate was triple that of Canada. However, the rate of some property crime types is lower in the U.S. than in Canada. For example, in 2006, the rates of vehicle theft were 22% higher in Canada than in the U.S. [40]
The homicide rate in Canada peaked in 1975 at 3.03 per 100,000 and has dropped since then; it reached lower peaks in 1985 (2.72) and 1991 (2.69). It reached a post-1970 low of 1.73 in 2003. The average murder rate between 1970 and 1976 was 2.52, between 1977 and 1983 it was 2.67, between 1984 and 1990 it was 2.41, between 1991 and 1997 it was 2.23 and between 1998 and 2004 it was 1.82. [41] The attempted homicide rate has fallen at a faster rate than the homicide rate. [42] By comparison, the homicide rate in the U.S. reached 10.1 per 100,000 in 1974, peaked in 1980 at 10.7 and reached a lower peak in 1991 (10.5). The average murder rate between 1970 and 1976 was 9.4, between 1977 and 1983 it was 9.6, between 1984 and 1990 it was 9, between 1991 and 1997 it was 9.2 and between 1998 and 2004 it was 6.3. In 2004, the murder rate in the U.S. dipped below 6 per 100,000, for the first time since 1966, and as of 2010 stood at 4.8 per 100,000 [43]
From 2014 to 2022, Canada's violent crime rate rose by 43. 8% to 434 with 1 violent crimes per 100,000 people. In the U.S, the increase was 5. 3% to 380 with 7 per 100,000 people. Property crimes in Canada, was 2,491. 0.0 per 100,000 people in 2022, a 7. 0% increase since 2014, while U. S. property crimes fell by 24. 1%. Homicides in Canada grew from 1. 5 to 2. 3 per 100,000, a 53. 4% rise, while the U. S. homicide rate is higher at 5. 8 per 100,000, increasing by 49. 4%. [44]
Statistics Canada conducts a country-wide census that collects demographic data every five years on the first and sixth year of each decade. The 2021 Canadian census enumerated a total population of 36,991,981, an increase of around 5.2 percent over the 2016 figure. It is estimated that Canada's population surpassed 40 million in 2023 and 41 million in 2024. Between 1990 and 2008, the population increased by 5.6 million, equivalent to 20.4 percent overall growth. The main driver of population growth is immigration, with 6.2% of the country's population being made up of temporary residents as of 2023, or about 2.5 million people. Between 2011 and May 2016, Canada's population grew by 1.7 million people, with immigrants accounting for two-thirds of the increase.
A violent crime, violent felony, crime of violence or crime of a violent nature is a crime in which an offender or perpetrator uses or threatens to use harmful force upon a victim. This entails both crimes in which the violent act is the objective, such as murder, assault, rape and assassination, as well as crimes in which violence is used as a method of coercion or show of force, such as robbery, extortion and terrorism. Violent crimes may, or may not, be committed with weapons. Depending on the jurisdiction, violent crimes may be regarded with varying severities from homicide to harassment.
North Battleford is a city in west-central Saskatchewan, Canada. It is the seventh largest city in the province and is directly across the North Saskatchewan River from the Town of Battleford. Together, the two communities are known as "The Battlefords". North Battleford borders the Rural Municipality of North Battleford No. 437, as well as the North Battleford Crown Colony.
Canada ranks 36th by population among countries of the world, comprising about 0.5% of the world's total, with more than 40 million Canadians as of 2024. Despite being the second-largest country by total area, the vast majority of the country is sparsely inhabited, with most of its population south of the 55th parallel north. Just over 60 percent of Canadians live in just two provinces: Ontario and Quebec. Though Canada's overall population density is low, many regions in the south, such as the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor, have population densities higher than several European countries. Canada has six population centres with more than one million people: Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton and Ottawa.
Thompson is a city in north-central Manitoba, Canada, the largest city and most populated municipality in Northern Manitoba.
Crime in St. Louis includes an overview of crime both in the city of St. Louis and in the Greater St. Louis metropolitan area. Crime in the city increased from the 1960s through the early 1990s as measured by the index crime rate. Despite decreasing crime, rates of violent crime and property crime in both the city and the metropolitan area remain higher than the national metropolitan area average. In addition, the city of St. Louis consistently has been ranked among the most dangerous cities in the United States. As of April 2017, St. Louis has the highest murder rate in America. At the end of 2017, St. Louis metropolitan had 205 murders, 159 of which were within the city limits. In 2018, the new Chief of Police, John Hayden said two-thirds (67%) of all the murders and one-half of all the assaults are concentrated in a triangular area in the north part of the city.
British Columbia is a Canadian province with a population of about 5.7 million people. The province represents about 13.2% of the population of the Canadian population. Most of the population is between the ages of 15 and 49. About 60 percent of British Columbians have European descent with significant Asian and Aboriginal minorities. Just under 30% of British Columbians are immigrants. Over half of the population is irreligious, with Christianity and Sikhism being the most followed religions.
Ontario, one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada, is located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province by a large margin, accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians, and is the second-largest province in total area. Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included. It is home to the nation's capital city, Ottawa, and the nation's most populous city, Toronto.
The municipal government of Winnipeg is represented by 15 city councillors and a mayor elected every four years.
Crime has been recorded in the United States since its founding and has fluctuated significantly over time. Most available data underestimate crime before the 1930s, giving the false impression that crime was low in the early 1900s and had a sharp rise after. Instead, violent crime during the colonial period was likely three times higher than the highest modern rates in the data we have, and crime had been on the decline since colonial times. Within the better data for crime reporting and recording available starting in the 1930s, crime reached its broad, bulging modern peak between the 1970s and early 1990s. After 1992, crime rates have generally trended downwards each year, with the exceptions of a slight increase in property crimes in 2001 and increases in violent crimes in 2005–2006, 2014–2016 and 2020–2021. As of July 1, 2024 violent crime was down and homicides were on pace to drop to 2015 levels by the end of the year.
Alberta has experienced a relatively high rate of growth in recent years, due in large part to its economy. Between 2003 and 2004, the province saw high birthrates, relatively high immigration, and a high rate of interprovincial migration when compared to other provinces. Approximately 81% of the population live in urban areas and only about 19% live in rural areas. The Calgary–Edmonton Corridor is the most urbanized area in Alberta and is one of Canada's four most urban regions. Many of Alberta's cities and towns have also experienced high rates of growth in recent history. From a population of 73,022 in 1901, Alberta has grown to 4,262,635 in 2021 and in the process has gone from less than 1.5% of Canada's population to 11.5%. It is the fourth most populated province in Canada. Between the 2016 and 2021 censuses, the Alberta population grew by 4.8%.
Manitoba is one of Canada's 10 provinces. It is the easternmost of the three Prairie provinces.
Nova Scotia is a Canadian province located on the country's southeastern coast. It is the most populous province in Atlantic Canada, and its capital, Halifax, is a major economic centre of the region. Geographically, Nova Scotia is the second smallest province in Canada, with an area of 52,824.71 km2 (20,395.73 sq mi). As of 2021, it has a population of 969,383 people.
Yukon is the westernmost of Canada's three northern territories. Its capital is Whitehorse. People from Yukon are known as Yukoners. Unlike in other Canadian provinces and territories, Statistics Canada uses the entire territory as a single at-large census division.
Crime in Italy, though low compared to other developed countries, is present in various forms throughout the nation. Italy is notorious for its organized crime groups, which are present worldwide and collectively referred to as the Mafia. Resultantly, financial crimes like corruption, extortion, and theft are the most common type of illicit activity in the country. Violent crimes are very rare in Italy evidenced by its homicide rate of 0.51 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2021, which is the lowest in Europe aside from micro states like Vatican City and San Marino, and one of the lowest in the world.
In the 2021 Census, the City of Calgary had a population of 1,306,784 residents, representing 30.7% of the 4,262,635 residents in all of Alberta, and 3.5% compared to a population of 36,991,981 in all of Canada. The total population of the Calgary census metropolitan area (CMA) was 1,481,806. Calgary is the largest city in Alberta, and the third-largest municipality and fifth-largest metropolitan area in Canada, as of 2021.
The demographics of Winnipeg reveal the city to be a typically Canadian one: multicultural and multilingual. Winnipeg is also prominent in the size and ratio of its First Nations population, which plays an important part in the city's makeup. About 12.4% of Winnipeggers are of Indigenous descent, which exceeds the national average of 5.0%.
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