The Croatian euro coins are a set of euro coins currently being minted by the Croatian Mint since July 2022. [1] [2] [3] They are the official euro coins with the national motif of Croatia.
The euro was introduced as a replacement for the Croatian kuna on 1 January 2023. [4] The kuna and the euro were in dual circulation until 14 January 2023 in order to aid the gradual transition to the euro. Prices are displayed in both currencies since 5 September 2022, and will continue to be until 31 December 2023. [5] [6] The euro coins were made available for purchase on 1 December 2022. [3] [7] Each package cost 100 kunas (13.28 euros). [8]
Remaining kuna coins can be exchanged in all banks, Croatian Post offices and the Croatian Financial Agency (Fina) until 31 December 2023. After that period only the Croatian National Bank (HNB) will handle the exchanges. Kuna banknotes can be exchanged indefinitely, while kuna coins can be exchanged until 31 December 2025. [9]
On 21 July 2021, Prime Minister of Croatia Andrej Plenković stated that national identifying marks on the Croatian euro coins would be the Croatian checkerboard, the map of Croatia, a marten, Nikola Tesla and the Glagolitic script. [10] [11]
On 4 February 2022, the Government of Croatia presented the designs for the national side of the future Croatian euro coins, which were chosen in an open contest by the Council of the Croatian National Bank. For the €2 coin, a design with the geographical map of Croatia by designer Ivan Šivak was chosen. The edge inscription uses lyrics from Ivan Gundulić's 1628 pastoral play Dubravka . For the €1 coin, a design with a marten (kuna in Croatian) standing on a branch, an animal after which the Croatian currency at the time was named, by designer Stjepan Pranjković was chosen. For the 10c, 20c and 50c coins, a design with Nikola Tesla, who was born in Smiljan (present-day Croatia, then-Austrian Empire), by designer Ivan Domagoj Račić was chosen. Finally, for 1c, 2c and 5c coins, a design with ligature bound letters Ⱈ (H) and Ⱃ (R) in Glagolitic script by designer Maja Škripelj was chosen. [12] Each author received 70,000 kn (approx€. 9,300) for their chosen design.
After suspicions arose online that the design of the €1 coin used an unlicensed image of a marten on a branch by the Scottish photographer Iain Leach, the designer of the €1 coin, Stjepan Pranjković, withdrew his design on 7 February. [13] On 8 February, the Croatian National Bank announced they will hold a new competition for the design of the Croatian €1 coin with a marten motif. [14]
On 4 May 2022, at the 15th session of the National Council for the Introduction of the Euro, the new €1 coin design was presented to the public. [15] The chosen design depicts a stylised marten on a checkerboard background by artists Jagor Šunde, David Čemeljić and Fran Zekan. This new design was approved by the Council of the European Union on 20 April. [16]
On 18 July 2022, the Croatian Mint officially began the production of the euro coins with the Croatian national motif. Workers were set to have three shifts until the end of 2022. [17] [18]
On 1 September 2022, euro banknotes began being distributed to all banks in Croatia. [19]
On 1 October 2022, the newly minted euro coins had begun distribution to all banks in Croatia. [19]
On 20 October 2022, the executive board of the European Central Bank (ECB) adopted a Decision on the application of minimum reserves by the ECB following the introduction of the euro in Croatia on 1 January 2023. [20]
From 15 December 2022 to 15 January 2023, there were no charging fees for cash withdrawals from ATMs to clients of other banks. [21]
A transitional period for the imposing of minimum requirements on institutions located in Croatia took place from 1 January to 7 February 2023. Institutions located in other eurozone countries could have decided to deduct any liabilities owed to institutions located in Croatia from their reserve base for the maintenance periods from 21 December 2022 to 7 February 2023 and from 8 February to 21 March 2023. [20]
Those who had both kunas and euros in credit institutions, unions, payment institutions, and electronic money institutions before the day of the introduction of euro had the right, until the end of February 2023, to close one or more of their accounts and transfer the funds recorded in those accounts to their accounts to accounts of their choice in the same institution, free of charge. [19]
On 1 April 2023, the Croatian National Bank stopped determining denomination structure for paying out euro banknotes at ATMs.
As of October 2022, there are approximately 420 million euro coins minted with the Croatian national motif. [22]
| €0.01 | €0.02 | €0.05 |
|---|---|---|
 |  |  |
| Ligature for Glagolitic letters ⰘⰓHR, designed by Maja Škripelj | ||
| €0.10 | €0.20 | €0.50 |
 |  |  |
| Silhouette portrait of Nikola Tesla, designed by Ivan Domagoj Račić | ||
| €1.00 | €2.00 | €2 Coin Edge |
 |  |  (Oh beautiful, oh precious, oh sweet Liberty, Lyrics of the Hymn to freedom, part of Dubravka by Ivan Gundulić) |
| Silhouette design of a marten, designed by Jagor Šunde, David Čemeljić, and Fran Zekan | Silhouette map of Croatia, designed by Ivan Šivak | |
The Croatian Ministry of Finance estimated the cost of the changeover from the kuna to the euro to be around 2 billion kuna. [23] Government analysis indicates that most of the cost would be on the loss of the conversion business by the banking system, which is expected to lead to a rise in other banking fees. There is a possibility of a general price increase for consumers, with a simultaneous general currency conversion risk for most debtors. [24]
Starting in January 2023, the Croatian National Bank published quarterly national reference rate for the euro, on the basis of which variable interest rates are calculated. [6]
Until the end of June 2023, all banks must return their amount in euros to those who have payment slips stated in kunas. [19]
Throughout the month of October, four Euro Days were held with the first one being in Osijek on 8 October 2022. The other three Euro Days were held in Rijeka, Split, and Zagreb, all with the aim to promote the upcoming entry of Croatia into the eurozone and educate the local populations about the Euro. [25] [26] [27]
The Croatian Chamber of Economy (HGK) and the Croatian National Bank scheduled an online hybrid education on 12 October 2022 with the intention of providing basic information about the Euro and the new coin designs. [28] [29]
Another promotion campaign of the euro in Croatia called "Euro on Wheels" took place in 27 cities in Croatia from 19 October until 17 December 2022, with the first one being in Vukovar. [30] [31] The cost of the campaign was estimated at 24 million kn (€3.2 million). [32]
On 21 July 2021, Nikola Tesla was selected to be featured in the euro with nearly 2,600 votes. [33] This resulted in opposition from the National Bank of Serbia due to his Serb ethnicity, although he was born in present-day Croatia. [34] Prime Minister Plenković commented: "If I were the head of the National Bank of Serbia, I would say well done." [35] President of Croatia Zoran Milanović suggested a solution: "When Serbia joins the eurozone, let them recommend Tesla [as a national euro coin motif] as well. Everybody's happy." [36]
Boris Milošević, one of deputy prime ministers of Croatia at the time and a member of the country's Serb minority, praised the move, dubbing Tesla the "symbol that binds us (Serbs and Croats) to the whole world. The citizens of Croatia voted for a Serb from Croatia, who was proud of his people and his homeland, who always remained faithful to his culture—a typical Krajina , Prečani one—and now he is going to be on a Croatian euro coin as one of the recognizable symbols of the Republic of Croatia." [37]
On 4 February 2022, the Croatian government presented the new designs for the euro with national motifs of Croatia, including Nikola Tesla on the 10, 20, and 50 cent coins. This led to another wave of opposition from the Serbian media. [38] [39] [40] [41]
Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia ), is a country situated at the crossroads of Central Europe and Mediterranean, geographically located in the northwestern part of the Balkan peninsula. Its coast lies entirely on the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Italy to the west and southwest. Its capital and largest city, Zagreb, forms one of the country's primary subdivisions, with twenty counties. Other major urban centers include Split, Rijeka and Osijek. The country spans 56,594 square kilometres, and has a population of nearly 3.9 million.
The economy of Croatia is a developed social market economy. It is the largest national economy in Southeast Europe by nominal gross domestic product (GDP). It is an open economy with accommodative foreign policy, highly dependent on international trade in Europe. Within Croatia, economic development varies among its counties, with strongest growth in Central Croatia and its financial centre, Zagreb. It has a very high level of human development, low levels of wealth inequality, and a high standard of living. Croatia's labor market has been perennially inefficient, with inconsistent business standards as well as ineffective corporate and income tax policy.
A marten is a weasel-like mammal in the genus Martes within the subfamily Guloninae, in the family Mustelidae. They have bushy tails and large paws with partially retractile claws. The fur varies from yellowish to dark brown, depending on the species; it is valued by animal trappers for the fur trade. Martens are slender, agile animals, adapted to living in the taiga, which inhabit coniferous and northern deciduous forests across the Northern Hemisphere.
The kuna was the currency of Croatia from 30 May 1994 until 31 December 2022. It was replaced by the euro in 2023. The kuna was subdivided into 100 lipa. It was issued by the Croatian National Bank and the coins were minted by the Croatian Mint.
The Croatian National Bank, known until 1997 as the National Bank of Croatia, is the Croatian member of the Eurosystem and has been the monetary authority for Croatia from 1991 to 2022, issuing the Croatian dinar until 1994 and subsequently the Croatian kuna until Croatian adoption of the euro on 1 January 2023. It has also been Croatia's national competent authority within European Banking Supervision since 2020. It was initially established in 1972 under the decentralization of the National Bank of Yugoslavia, and became a fully-fledged central bank in late 1991 with the independence of Croatia.
The A3 motorway is a major motorway in Croatia spanning 306.5 kilometres (190.5 mi). The motorway connects Zagreb, the nation's capital, to the Slavonia region and a number of cities along the Sava River. It represents a major east–west transportation corridor in Croatia and a significant part of the Pan-European Corridor X, serving as a transit route between the European Union states and the Balkans. Apart from Zagreb, where the A3 motorway comprises a considerable part of the Zagreb bypass, the motorway runs near a number of significant Croatian cities.
The A5 motorway is a motorway in Croatia spanning 83.6 kilometres (51.9 mi). It connects Osijek, the largest city in Slavonia region, to the Croatian motorway network at the Sredanci interchange of the A3 motorway. The A5 represents a significant north–south transportation corridor in Croatia and is a part of the European route E73. The A5 motorway route also follows Pan-European corridor Vc. In addition to Osijek, the A5 motorway also passes near Đakovo and Beli Manastir.
The Croatian World Games are an Olympics-style amateur multi-sport competition pitting autochthonous Croat communities in Croatia and neighbouring nations against each other and Croatian diaspora communities, representing countries they live in. The event is organized by the Croatian Olympic Committee and the Croatian World Congress. It is also known under the unofficial name Crolympics, with the motto "Olympic games with Croatian sign".
Highways in Croatia are the main transport network in Croatia. The Croatian classification includes several classes of highways:
The foreign relations between Croatia and Serbia are bound together by shared history, language, geography and contesting ideologies. The two states established diplomatic relations in 1996, following the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the Croatian War of Independence and the independence of Croatia. Modern diplomatic relations are functional but cold, stemming from historic nation-building conflict and divergent political ideologies. Their relationship holds geopolitical importance in Southeast Europe given their economic influence in the region.
Energy in Croatia describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in Croatia.
Croatia adopted the euro as its currency on 1 January 2023, becoming the 20th member state of the eurozone. A fixed conversion rate was set at 1 € = 7.5345 kn.
The Croatian Mint, formerly known as the Croatian Monetary Institute is a state-owned enterprise, that produces circulating coinage for Croatia to conduct its trade and commerce, as well as gold and silver medals, commemorative medallions and badges in different metals, and license plates. It does not produce paper money.
The Nikola Tesla Memorial Center is a cultural-historical site and museum located in Smiljan, Croatia, located at the birthplace of Nikola Tesla, one of the world's foremost engineers and inventors. It is dedicated to Tesla, who was born in 1856 in his Serb parents house in Smiljan, then part of the Croatian Military Frontier within the Habsburg monarchy. The young engineer later left his homeland to work in America. The Lika Museum in nearby Gospić administers the site.
This is a description of the current and historical currencies of Croatia, or historically used in the region. The currency of Croatia is the euro, in use since 2023.
The Fifteenth Government of the Republic of Croatia is the current Croatian Government cabinet formed on 23 July 2020, following the 2020 election. It is led by Prime Minister Andrej Plenković.
Boris Milošević is a Croatian Serb lawyer and politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister of Croatia between 2020 and 2022. He is a member of the Independent Democratic Serb Party (SDSS). He previously served as the president of the Serb National Council from July 2019 until July 2020.
The Croatian Sovereignists are a conservative and Christian right-wing political party in Croatia. The party was founded in 2019 and is led by Marijan Pavliček.
Ukraine and Russia have had hostile relations since 2014 Russian occupation of Ukrainian peninsula of Crimea. In February 2022, a major escalation happened after Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine. This article concerns influence of Russo-Ukrainian conflict on Croatians and Republic of Croatia.
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