Fagopyrum tataricum

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Fagopyrum tataricum
Fagopyrum tataricum - Kops.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Polygonaceae
Genus: Fagopyrum
Species:
F. tataricum
Binomial name
Fagopyrum tataricum
Synonyms [1]
  • Fagopyrum dentatum Moench
  • Fagopyrum rotundatum Bab.
  • Fagopyrum subdentatum Gilib.
  • Fagopyrum suffruticosum F.Schmidt
  • Polygonum tataricum L.

Fagopyrum tataricum, also known as Tartary buckwheat, [2] green buckwheat, [3] ku qiao, [3] Tatar buckwheat,[ citation needed ] or bitter buckwheat, [4] is a domesticated food plant in the genus Fagopyrum in the family Polygonaceae. [5] [6] [7] With another species in the same genus, common buckwheat, it is often counted as a cereal, but the buckwheats are not closely related to true cereals.

Contents

Tartary buckwheat is more bitter and contains more rutin than common buckwheat. It also contains other bioactive components such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, [6] 2-hydroxybenzylamine and quercitrin. [8]

Uses

Known in Chinese as "bitter buckwheat" (Chinese :苦荞麦; pinyin :kǔqiáomài) and in Japan as dattan-soba (韃靼蕎麦/ダッタンソバ; 'Tartary buckwheat'), the plant was domesticated as a crop in East Asia and is also being cultivated in Europe and North America. [9] While it is an unfamiliar food in the West, it is common in the Himalayan region today, as well as other regions in Southwest China such as Sichuan province.[ citation needed ] Tartary buckwheat is commonly roasted to make buckwheat tea, and it can also be distilled to make alcohol. [10] While not traditionally eaten in Japan, due to its high rutin content it was briefly popular as a health fad in Japan in the late 1990s. [11]

The plant has been cultivated in many parts of the world; however, when found among other crops it is considered a weed. [12] [13] Less bitter varieties are now commercially available. [14]

Chemistry

Fagopyrum tataricum contains aromatic substances. The most important difference when compared to the aroma of Fagopyrum esculentum is the absence of salicylaldehyde and presence of naphthalene. [15]

References

  1. ↑ "The Plant List: A Working Checklist of all Plant Species".
  2. ↑ NRCS. "Fagopyrum tataricum". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 19 January 2016.
  3. 1 2 "Fagopyrum tataricum". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 21 December 2017.
  4. ↑ Report of a Network Coordinating Group on Minor Crops. Bioversity International. pp. 65–66. GGKEY:J811QDJNL4H.
  5. ↑ Wang Y, Nie Z, Ma T (2022-02-24). "The Effects of Plasma-Activated Water Treatment on the Growth of Tartary Buckwheat Sprouts". Frontiers in Nutrition. 9 849615. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.849615 . PMC   8908094 . PMID   35284468.
  6. 1 2 Zou L, Wu D, Ren G, Hu Y, Peng L, Zhao J, et al. (July 2021). "Bioactive compounds, health benefits, and industrial applications of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum)". Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 63 (5): 657–673. doi:10.1080/10408398.2021.1952161. PMID   34278850. S2CID   236091952.
  7. ↑ Wang Y, Nie Z, Ma T (2022). "The Effects of Plasma-Activated Water Treatment on the Growth of Tartary Buckwheat Sprouts". Frontiers in Nutrition. 9 849615. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.849615 . PMC   8908094 . PMID   35284468.
  8. ↑ Fabjan N, Rode J, Kosir IJ, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Kreft I (October 2003). "Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) as a source of dietary rutin and quercitrin". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 51 (22): 6452–6455. doi:10.1021/jf034543e. PMID   14558761.
  9. ↑ Anjen L, Hong SP (2004). "Fagopyrum tataricum". Flora of China. Vol. 5.
  10. ↑ "Maopu Buckwheat Spirits·Jinqiao". Jing Liquor.
  11. ↑ "韃靼そばってどんなそば？" [What kind of soba is Tartary soba?]. nikkoku.co.jp.
  12. ↑ "Interactive Agricultural Ecology Atlas of Russia and Neighbouring Countries" . Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  13. ↑ Sharma MP (1986). "The Biology Of Canadian Weeds: 74. Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn". Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 66 (2): 381–393. doi:10.4141/cjps86-052.
  14. ↑ "信濃霧山ダッタンそばとは" [What is Shinano Kiriyama Darttan Soba?]. dattan.jp.
  15. ↑ Janeš D, Prosen H, Kreft S (July 2012). "Identification and quantification of aroma compounds of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) and some of its milling fractions". Journal of Food Science. 77 (7): C746 –C751. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02778.x. PMID   22757696.
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