Ferrari F40

Last updated

Ferrari F40
F40 Ferrari 20090509.jpg
Overview
Manufacturer Ferrari S.p.A.
Production1987–1992
1,311 produced [1] [2] [3]
Assembly Maranello, Italy
Designer Pietro Camardella [4] under the supervision of Aldo Brovarone at Pininfarina [5]
Nicola Materazzi (Chief Engineer) [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11]
Body and chassis
Class Sports car (S)
Body style 2-door berlinetta
Layout Longitudinally-mounted, rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive [12]
Powertrain
Engine 2,936 cc (2.9 L) twin-turbocharged Tipo F120A/F120D 90° V8 [1] [13]
Power output478 PS (352 kW; 471 hp) [1]
484 PS (356 kW; 477 hp) US-spec [13]
Transmission 5-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase 2,450 mm (96.5 in)
Length4,358 mm (171.6 in)
Width1,970 mm (77.6 in)
Height1,124 mm (44.3 in)
Kerb weight 1,254 kg (2,765 lb) (Europe) [14]
1,369 kg (3,018 lb) (US) [12]
Chronology
Predecessor Ferrari 288 GTO
Successor Ferrari F50

The Ferrari F40 (Type F120) is a mid-engine, rear-wheel drive sports car [12] engineered by Nicola Materazzi with styling by Pininfarina. It was built from 1987 until 1992, with the LM and GTE race car versions continuing production until 1994 and 1996 respectively. [15] As the successor to the 288 GTO (also engineered by Materazzi), it was designed to celebrate Ferrari's 40th anniversary and was the last Ferrari automobile personally approved by Enzo Ferrari. [1] At the time it was Ferrari's fastest, most powerful, and most expensive car for sale. [16]

Contents

The car debuted with a planned production total of four hundred units and a factory suggested retail price of approximately US$400,000 (fivefold the price of its predecessor, the 288 GTO [17] ) in 1987 ($1,070,000 today). [18] One of those that belonged to the Formula One driver Nigel Mansell was sold for the then record of £1 million in 1990, a record that stood into the 2010s. [19] [20] A total of 1,311 [1] [21] to 1,315 cars were manufactured with 213 units destined for the United States. [22]

Development

Origin

As early as 1984, Materazzi had proposed to Enzo Ferrari the idea of using the Group B 4-litre category (2.8-litre if turbocharged) to prove the performance of new road cars which with increased power could no longer safely display their performance on the road in the hands of regular buyers. Since Enzo Ferrari no longer had control over the production part of the business, Materazzi had to obtain permission from General Manager Eugenio Alzati. Permission was granted but only at the condition that work would take place outside of the Monday to Friday work week. A very small team thus developed the GTO Evoluzione on Saturdays to compete in the same class entered by the Porsche 959 in FIA Group B. [6] [7] [8] [9] [11]

The FIA's move to end the Group B category for the 1986 season saw Enzo Ferrari left with five 288 GTO Evoluzione development cars, and no series to enter them into. These were left for enthusiasts who might consider purchasing one until a validation driver convinced Enzo Ferrari that Materazzi could keep the base car concept alive and make it roadworthy. [11] Enzo's desire to leave a legacy in his final sports car allowed the Evoluzione program to be further developed to produce a car exclusively for road use. In particular, Ferrari had been impressed with the development of recent cars which claimed back much of the performance deficit inflicted by ever more restrictive emissions regulations. [23]

In response to the quite simple, but very expensive car with relatively little out of the ordinary being called a "cynical money-making exercise" aimed at speculators, a figure from the Ferrari marketing department was quoted as saying "We wanted it to be very fast, sporting in the extreme and Spartan," "Customers had been saying our cars were becoming too plush and comfortable." "The F40 is for the most enthusiastic of our owners who want nothing but sheer performance. It isn't a laboratory for the future, as the 959 is. It is not Star Wars. And it wasn't created because Porsche built the 959. It would have happened anyway." [24] In fact the reasons for the car's rawness and simplicity are very much linked to Materazzi's racing background (starting from the Stratos Gr.4, the Gr.5 Silhouette, then the Osella F2 and F1 cars, the 126C and eventually the 288 GTO). [6] [7] [8]

The body of the F40 was designed by Pietro Camardella under the supervision of Aldo Brovarone of the Pininfarina design house. [5] Nicola Materazzi meanwhile worked on evolutions of the engine, gearbox and other mechanical parts of the car to make them roadworthy. Many of these were well validated in the 288 GTO Evoluzione, from which the F40 takes many styling cues. From the beginning of the project on 10 June 1986, Enzo Ferrari asked for the car to be completed in a very short space of time (eleven months) and be presented in the summer of 1987. For this reason, he gave Materazzi permission to choose all the engineers on the team. Some of the development of the car, such as the bodywork was carried out at external companies like Michelotto  [ it; fr ]. [11]

Power, torque, and suspension

Power came from an enlarged, high-revving 2,936 cc (2.9 L; 179.2 cu in) version of the 288 GTO's IHI four-stroke 90 degrees twin turbocharged and intercooled V8 engine generating a peak power output of 478 PS (471 hp; 352 kW) at 7,000 rpm and 577 N⋅m (426 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4,000 rpm as stated by the manufacturer. [1] Gearing, torque curves, and actual power output differed among the cars. The F40 did without a catalytic converter until 1990, when US regulations made them a requirement for emissions control reasons. The flanking exhaust pipes guide exhaust gases from each bank of cylinders while the central pipe guides gases released from the wastegate of the turbochargers. The F40's twin-turbocharged V8 would be Ferrari's final forced induction engine until the California T in 2014.

1991 Ferrari F40 (US Spec) 1991 Ferrari F40 front, concours 6.1.19.jpg
1991 Ferrari F40 (US Spec)

The suspension setup was similar to the GTO's double wishbone setup, though many parts were upgraded and settings were changed; the unusually low ground clearance prompted Ferrari to include the ability to raise the vehicle's ground clearance when necessary for later cars via hydraulic lift chambers in the front dampers.[ citation needed ]

Body and interior

1991 Ferrari F40 (US Spec) (rear view) 1991 Ferrari F40 rear, concours 6.1.19.jpg
1991 Ferrari F40 (US Spec) (rear view)
Hidden headlamps Ferrari F40 (8716133845) (cropped).jpg
Hidden headlamps

The body was an entirely new design by Pininfarina featuring panels made of Kevlar, carbon fibre, and aluminium for strength and low weight, and intense aerodynamic testing employed. Weight was further minimised through the use of a polycarbonate plastic windshield and windows. The cars did have moderate air conditioning but had no sound system, door handles, glove box, leather trim, carpets, or door panels. The first fifty cars produced had sliding Lexan windows, while later cars were fitted with wind-down windows. [25]

All cars left the factory in "Rosso Corsa" colour and left-hand drive. At least seven cars were modified and delivered to the Sultan of Brunei in right-hand drive. The Sultan employed Pininfarina's prototype manager Paolo Garella to make modifications to the car's colour, power, and interior comforts. [26] [27]

Aerodynamics

Cooling was important as forced induction engines generate significant amounts of heat. In order to dissipate the heat, the car was designed similarly to an open-wheel racing car with a body. It had a partial undertray to smooth airflow beneath the radiator, front section, and the cabin, and a second one with diffusers behind the engine, but the engine bay was not sealed. It has a drag coefficient of  Cd =0.34. [28]

F40 rear clamshell open F4o.jpg
F40 rear clamshell open

Tyres

Because the car had an additional 80 bhp (81 PS; 60 kW) compared to the 288 GTO, a new tyre had to be developed to cope with the power levels which were more typically associated with racing cars. Materazzi contacted the Pirelli head of development Mario Mezzanotte, who he had known since the rallying years with the Lancia cars. Pirelli made a carcass with light materials (including Kevlar) after the experience gained in the Formula 1 seasons from 1980 to 1985 and asymmetrical tread patterns to create the P-Zero specifically for the F40. [29] [30]

Launch and promotion

The F40 was revealed on 21 July 1987 at the Civic Centre in Maranello. Originally the presentation was due to happen at the Frankfurt Motor Show according to Materazzi but Fiat needed to present the Alfa Romeo 164 at that show and the two would have clashed. Hence on insistence of Enzo Ferrari the launch was anticipated by more than two months. Counting from the project inception (June 1986) until the launch, the car was developed in thirteen months. [11]

The promotion of the car was captured by the cameras in a documentary that included footage of Enzo Ferrari's past interviews, work inside the factory and the F40 driving through the streets of Modena. F1 driver Michele Alboreto drove the car on several occasions including a Christmas 1987 special programme for the Italian TV and journalist Ezio Zermiani when the car was filmed driving from Maranello to Milan. [31] [32] [33]

Racing

LM

F40 LM Ferrari F40 LM - Museo Ferrari (17951923010).jpg
F40 LM

The racing cars were prepared by Michelotto (based in Padua) the Ferrari specialist who had already carried out work on the GTO Evoluzione and on parts of the road-going version of the F40. [34]

Three chassis were prepared and two were used in races, with serial numbers 79890 and 79891. The third chassis, with serial number 88521, was intended to be raced and was a spare car that stayed at Michelotto but was never raced.

The car saw competition as early as 1989 when it debuted in the Laguna Seca Raceway round of the IMSA, appearing in the GTO category, with an LM evolution model driven by Jean Alesi, finishing third to the two faster spaceframe four wheel drive Audi 90s and beating a host of other factory-backed spaceframe specials that dominated the races. In the following race, it had to retire after eighteen laps. The next IMSA season, driven by a host of guest drivers such as Jean-Pierre Jabouille, Jacques Laffite and Hurley Haywood, three second-places and one third-place were the best results. [35]

Although the F40 would not return to IMSA in 1991, it would later be a popular choice by privateers to compete in numerous domestic GT series including JGTC.

In 1994, the car made its debut in international competitions, with one car campaigned in the BPR Global GT Series by Strandell, winning at the 4 Hours of Vallelunga. [36]

In 1995, the number of F40s climbed to four, developed independently by Pilot-Aldix Racing (F40 LM) and Strandell (F40 GTE, racing under the Ferrari Club Italia banner), winning the 4 Hours of Anderstorp. No longer competitive against the newly entered McLaren F1 GTR, the Ferrari F40 returned for another year in 1996, managing to repeat the previous year's Anderstorp win, and from then on it was no longer seen in GT racing. [37]

In total nineteen cars were produced. [38]

Competizione

A Ferrari F40 Competizione on display at Museo dell'automobile di Torino Ferrari F40 e ALFA ROMEO 33 TT 12 al Museo Nazionale dell'automobile di Torino.JPG
A Ferrari F40 Competizione on display at Museo dell'automobile di Torino

The F40 Competizione is a non-sponsored, more powerful version of the F40 LM, which was the result of consumer requests following the order of a French importer who wanted to enter one in the 24 Hours of Le Mans. Ten examples were built, all at customer request, the first two being called F40 LM's, and the remaining eight being F40 Competizione, as Ferrari felt that the LM tag was too restrictive. [39]

The F40 Competizione is rated at 700 PS; 691 hp (515 kW) at 8,100 rpm from its upgraded twin-turbocharged V8 engine. The car can reportedly achieve a top speed of about 367 km/h (228 mph). [40]

Chassis number 80782 was originally purchased as a road car and imported into the Netherlands in 1989 by the official Ferrari importer, Kroymans BV. Work was then done by Peter van Erp of Cavallino Tuning, Kroymans' racing division to convert it into "Competizione" specification, with new shock absorbers, new instrumentation, brakes, bodywork, and a new paint job. The car was consistently promoted through the Ferrari Challenge, and modifications in 1995 were made to maintain the car's competitiveness. Modifications were made by British tuning house G-Tex in collaboration with Michelotto and included air jacks, an upgraded roll hoop, and upgrades to the engine which increased its power output to over 700 bhp (710 PS; 522 kW). After the car was sold to its most recent owner, it had a decorative makeover which consisted of a repaint in grey and blue fabric seats. [41] [42]

Performance

The first independent measurements yielded 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) in 4.7 seconds and a top speed of 321 km/h (199 mph) onto the French Sport Auto September 1988 cover.[ citation needed ]

The next opportunity to reach the claimed top speed was a shootout at Nardò Ring organized by Auto, Motor und Sport . Ferrari sent two cars but neither could reach more than 321 km/h (199 mph), beaten by the Porsche 959 S, which attained a top speed of 339 km/h (211 mph), and the Ruf CTR, which attained a top speed of 342 km/h (213 mph). Both were limited production cars with only twenty-nine built, so while the F40 never was the world's fastest sports car as self-appraised by Ferrari, it could still claim the title of the fastest production car with over five hundred units built until the arrival of the Lamborghini Diablo (depending on how the term "production car" is defined). [43] [44] [45] Road & Track measured a top speed of 315 km/h (196 mph) for both the European and US spec cars while Car and Driver measured a top speed of 317 km/h (197 mph). [12] [46] [47]

Reception

Interior Ferrari, Techno-Classica 2018, Essen (IMG 9434).jpg
Interior

When the F40 was unveiled in 1987 it received mixed reactions. Dennis Simanaitis praised its looks in Road & Track , [48] but others were unimpressed. Observers considered it a cynical attempt to cash in on speculators’ money after seeing how much was paid for used 288 GTOs and for the Porsche 959. [49] Speculators were expecting Enzo Ferrari's death and to benefit from raising prices. [50] It was estimated in 1990 that only 10% of the delivered F40s were used for driving. [51]

Speculators sold the cars with ever-rising prices, up to over seven times the list price in 1989 (before the bubble burst) which made it even more desirable. [52]

Autocar tested an F40 in 1988 at the Fiorano test circuit. The writer, Mel Nichols, stated: "I do not yet know whether the F40 is untractable in traffic, fearsome in the wet, uncomfortably harsh on bumpy roads or too noisy on long journeys. It has no luggage space and getting in and out is awkward. But I do know this: on a smooth road it is a scintillatingly fast car that is docile and charming in its nature; a car that is demanding but not difficult to drive, blessed as it is with massive grip and, even more importantly, superb balance and manners. You can use its performance, the closest any production car maker has yet come to race car levels, and revel in it." [53]

In 1988, Ferrari invited journalists to test the F40 at their home track Fiorano Circuit and bring a Porsche 959 along for comparison. The Automobile Magazine and Car magazines made an overall verdict, for both of them, the Porsche 959 was the better car. [54] [55]

Gordon Murray analyzed the car in Motor Trend's July 1990 issue: "It's the lack of weight that makes the Ferrari so exciting. There's nothing else magic about the car at all...They're asking two- and three-inch-diameter steel tubes at chassis base datum level to do all the work, and it shows – you can feel the chassis flexing on the circuit and it wobbles all over the place on the road. It really does shake about. And, of course, once you excite the chassis the door panels start rattling and squeaking. Whereas the other cars feel taut and solid, this one's like a big go-kart with a plastic body on it." He severely criticized the old racing technology: "It's not even '60s technology, from a frame point of view, it's '50s twin-tube technology, not even a spaceframe. It's only got local frames to hold the bulkhead to the dash, attach the front suspension, rear suspension and roll bar. And then you have the marketing Kevlar glues in with a quarter-inch of rubber." [56]

Car and Driver called the car a "mix of sheer terror and raw excitement". The most fun was accelerating in first gear from 15 mph (24 km/h), "pure terror" was driving on a busy highway. The rear vision was so bad that lane changes required "leaps of faith". It was found unfit for daily road use, "clunky and cantankerous" around town, "so mechanically delinquent that an onboard mechanic is advised", to describe driver discomfort "Bangkok debtors' prison" was used. In a comparison test the Lamborghini Diablo was found better looking by the civilians while the testers opted for the F40. [12] [57] When Car and Driver declared the Porsche 911 Turbo the quickest A-to-B four-wheeled transport on American highways, the "nervous" Ferrari F40 wasn't found competitive because of being a 30-minute car. "After that, you'd like a cool drink and a brief nap." [58]

Legacy

Despite the mixed reviews on the car due to its spartan design and lack of the latest technology (when compared to the Porsche 959 and other supercars), the F40 remains a car that is liked by many individuals in the press and owners. Evo magazine's 2013 "Ferrari F40 buying guide" started with "For many it's the greatest road-going Ferrari of all". An expert explained its popularity among the Ferrari cognoscenti: "They will never be allowed to make another F40 in today's world of red tape and health and safety. That is what makes it so special and so desirable." [18]

Richard Hammond compared the F40 to the Porsche 959 stating the F40 to be "as visceral and edgy an experience as the 959 is refined and sophisticated." [59]

The value and the appeal of supercars are very subjective. Autocar named it the ultimate car to drive. Pistonheads stated that "There have been prettier, quicker, rarer Ferraris than the one built in its 40th year. But none as special". Motor Sport Magazine re-appraised it for the 21st century noting that its engine power delivery is docile at modest speeds and is unleashed when demanded by the driver. Classic And Sportscar concluded after a test with XJ220, EB110 and F40: "It's far from perfect. Actually, perfect isn't even on its radar but it's brutal, ballistic and a bit scary. Magic. No it really is that good." Autoexpress also noted that when the cars have the correct servicing of mechanical components and of the rubberised fuel tanks they are to this day robust and reliable thanks to their simplicity. [60] [61] [62] [63] [64]

Ferrari chief test-driver Dario Benuzzi feels that despite the 1970s and 80s technology, the car is very relevant and interesting to passionate drivers: “It was a lightweight car with a lot of power and that's what makes it fun to drive. Of course, the handling was also very good. So, all in all, a very good package! I think that, if we'd been able to adopt a steering and brake servo, the F40 would still be a force to be reckoned with among supercars today.” [65] [66]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sports car</span> Performance-oriented car class, generally small or light-weight with good handling

A sports car is a type of car that is designed with an emphasis on dynamic performance, such as handling, acceleration, top speed, the thrill of driving, and racing capability. Sports cars originated in Europe in the early 1910s and are currently produced by many manufacturers around the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Porsche 959</span> Sports car model

The Porsche 959 is a sports car manufactured by German automobile manufacturer Porsche from 1986 to 1993, first as a Group B rally car and later as a road legal production car designed to satisfy FIA homologation regulations requiring at least 200 units be produced.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferrari 328</span> Motor vehicle

The Ferrari 328 GTB and GTS are mid-engine V8, two-seat sports cars created by Italian automobile manufacturer Ferrari. It was the successor to the Ferrari 308 GTB and GTS. While mechanically still based on the 308, modifications were made to the body, chassis, and engine, most notably an increase in engine displacement to 3.2 L for increased power and torque output. The 328 is still considered by some enthusiasts to be one of the most reliable and functional Ferraris; unlike other models, much of its maintenance can be performed without lowering the engine from the vehicle. In 1989, the 328 was succeeded by the 348.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferrari Enzo</span> Italian flagship sports car

The Ferrari Enzo, officially marketed as Enzo Ferrari, is a mid-engine sports car manufactured by Italian automobile manufacturer Ferrari and named after the company's founder, Enzo Ferrari. It was developed in 2002 using Formula One technology, such as a carbon-fibre body, Formula One-style automated-shift manual transmission, and carbon fibre-reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) ceramic composite disc brakes, as well as technologies not allowed in Formula One, such as active aerodynamics. The Enzo's F140 B V12 engine was also the first of a new generation for Ferrari. The Enzo generates substantial amounts of downforce through its front underbody flaps, small adjustable rear spoiler and rear diffuser, which work in conjunction to produce 343 kilograms (756 lb) of downforce at 200 km/h (124 mph) and 775 kilograms (1,709 lb) of downforce at 300 km/h (186 mph), before decreasing to 585 kilograms (1,290 lb) at top speed.

Noble Automotive Ltd, more commonly known simply as Noble, is an English sports car manufacturer based in Leicester. Noble Automotive Ltd. was established in 1999 by Lee Noble in Leeds, West Yorkshire, for producing high-speed sports cars with a rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout. Lee Noble was the chief designer and part owner of Noble. The company was sold in August 2006. He left the company in February 2008 and shortly after announced his new venture, Fenix Automotive in 2009.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bugatti EB 110</span> Motor vehicle

The Bugatti EB 110 is a mid-engine sports car initially conceived by Ing. Paolo Stanzani in the mid 1980s and produced by Bugatti Automobili S.p.A. from 1991 until 1995, when the company was liquidated. The model restarted the brand's presence in the automobile industry after a hiatus of nearly 40 years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferrari 275</span> Motor vehicle

The Ferrari 275 is a series of front-engined V12-powered grand touring automobiles with two-seater coupé and spider bodies produced by Ferrari between 1964 and 1968. The first 275 series cars were powered by a 3.3 L (3286 cc) overhead camshaft Colombo 60° V12 engine producing 260–320 hp (190–240 kW). An updated 275 GTB/4 was introduced in 1966, with a revised four overhead camshaft engine producing 300 hp (220 kW). The 275 series were the first road-going Ferraris equipped with a transaxle and independent rear suspension.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferrari 348</span> V8 sports car manufactured by Italian automobile manufacturer Ferrari as a successor to the 328

The Ferrari 348 is a mid-engine V8-powered 2-seat sports car produced by Italian automaker Ferrari, replacing the 328 in 1989 and remaining in production until 1995, when it was replaced by the F355. It was the final V8 model developed under the direction of Enzo Ferrari before his death, commissioned to production posthumously.

The Ferrari Dino engine is a line of mechanically similar V6 and V8 engines produced by Ferrari for about 40 years from the late 1950s into the early 2000s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferrari 250</span> Series of sports cars and grand tourers built by Ferrari from 1952 to 1964

The Ferrari 250 is a series of sports cars and grand tourers built by Ferrari from 1952 to 1964. The company's most successful early line, the 250 series includes many variants designed for road use or sports car racing. 250 series cars are characterized by their use of a 3.0 L (2,953 cc) Colombo V12 engine designed by Gioacchino Colombo. The 250 series designation refers to this engine's cylinder displacement of approximately 250 cc. They were replaced by the 275 and 330 series cars.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferrari 599</span> Grand Tourer produced by Ferrari from 2006–2012 as a successor to the 575M

The Ferrari 599 GTB Fiorano is a grand tourer produced by the Italian automobile manufacturer Ferrari. It served as the brand's front-engined, two-seat model, replacing the 575M Maranello in 2006 as a 2007 model, and was later replaced for the 2013 model year by the F12berlinetta.

Ferrari is an Italian company which has produced sports cars since 1947, but traces its roots back to 1929 when Enzo Ferrari formed the Scuderia Ferrari racing team.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ruf Automobile</span> German automobile manufacturer

Ruf Automobile GmbH is a German car manufacturer. Formerly using Porsche bodies in white to build cars, today they build vehicles on their own bodies and chassis. They also manufacture performance parts for various Porsche models, including the 911, Boxster, and Cayman.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ruf CTR</span> Motor vehicle

The Ruf CTR also known as the CTR Yellowbird or simply Yellowbird, is a limited-production, high performance sports car manufactured by German automobile manufacturer Ruf Automobile. Introduced for the 1987 model year and based on the Porsche 911, the CTR featured an enlarged and highly tuned version of Porsche's 3.2 litre flat-six cylinder engine, lightened body panels, an integrated roll cage, upgraded suspension and braking systems, a custom-designed transmission, and several unique trim pieces such as polyurethane bumpers, and the use of the side-mounted oil filler necessitated by relocating the oil tank forward to clear the intercooler on that side.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferrari 288 GTO</span> Motor vehicle

The Ferrari GTO is an exotic homologation version of the Ferrari 308 GTB produced from 1984 until 1987 in Ferrari's Maranello factory. It was designated GT for Gran Turismo and O for Omologata.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ruf BTR</span> Motor vehicle

The Ruf BTR is a sports car built by German automobile manufacturer Ruf Automobile. The BTR began production in 1983 and was based on the Porsche 911 available in a narrow 911 or optional wide body configuration akin to the 930 Turbo. The BTR was the first Ruf production sports car with a company specific VIN.

Koenig Specials GmbH is a German tuning house based in Munich that specialised in modifications to European luxury cars but gained notability in the 1980s and 1990s for their performance modifications to Ferraris. Some of its most notable works included a twin-turbo Ferrari Testarossa with extensive body modifications that made it resemble a Ferrari F40 that produced up to a claimed 1,000 PS DIN in "Evolution" guise, a highly unusual output for cars at the time, as well as the 850 PS DIN Ferrari F50. Koenig also entered into automobile production with its road-going version of the Porsche 962 known as the Koenig C62, therefore becoming the first road-legal Group C-based car.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferrari 812 Superfast</span> Grand Tourer produced from 2017

The Ferrari 812 Superfast is a front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive grand tourer produced by the Italian sports car manufacturer Ferrari that made its debut at the 2017 Geneva Motor Show. The 812 Superfast is the successor to the F12berlinetta.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nicola Materazzi</span> Italian mechanical engineer (1939–2022)

Nicola Materazzi was an Italian mechanical engineer who developed several sports and racing cars, including the Ferrari 288 GTO, Ferrari F40, Bugatti EB110, and B Engineering Edonis. He was one of Italy's leading turbocharging specialists from the mid-1970s, a respected sports car and motorcycle engineer, and is sometimes referred to as "Mr. F40" or the "father of the F40."

The Ferrari 268/282C/308C engine is a twin-turbocharged, 2.6-litre, 2.8-litre, and 3.0-litre, V-8 racing engine, designed, developed and built by Ferrari, for their sister company Lancia, to use in their Lancia LC2 Group C sports prototype race car; between 1983 and 1986. The engine itself is derived from the Dino engine.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Ferrari F40 (1987)". Ferrari . Archived from the original on 30 July 2012.
  2. ↑ "Ferrari's best-selling cars: in pictures". The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group. 24 March 2011. Retrieved 12 October 2016. Ferrari F40 (1987–1992) / Sales 1,311
  3. ↑ "1990 Ferrari F40". Bring a Trailer. May 2022. one of approximately 1,311 examples
  4. ↑ "Rencontre avec Pietro Camardella & Gino Finizio" (in French). July 2006. Archived from the original on 26 September 2006. Retrieved 5 March 2008.
  5. 1 2 Ferriccioli, Laura (23 May 2021). "Pietro Camardella: "So I designed my Ferraris"". TopClassico.
  6. 1 2 3 Sackey, Joe (2013). Ferrari 288 GTO. Dorchester: Veloce Publishing. p. 5. ISBN   978-1845842734.
  7. 1 2 3 Goodfellow, Winston (2014). Ferrari Hypercars. Beverly: Motorbooks. p. 96. ISBN   978-0760346082.
  8. 1 2 3 Mantovani, Alberto (2018). Ferrari: Le Turbo Otto Cilindri. New York: Youcanprint SelfPublishing. p. 140. ISBN   978-8827844403.
  9. 1 2 Delbo, Massimo (25 August 2022). "Vale Nicola Materazzi: Father of the F40 dies". WhichCar. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
  10. ↑ Reggiani (10 December 2012), Lancia LC2: così è rinato un gioiello tecnologico (in Italian), retrieved 1 April 2020
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 Cironi, Davide (21 July 2017). "Ferrari F40: The creator Nicola Materazzi tells why Ferrari made it" (Video) – via YouTube.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 Ceppos, Rich (February 1991). "Ferrari F40". Car and Driver . Hearst Corporation. p. 37. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 June 2015. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
  13. 1 2 "Ferrari F40 manual data". 9 August 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  14. ↑ Gebhardt, Christian (12 March 2016). "Test Ferrari 488 GTB und Treffen mit F40: Neues Biturbo-Ass trifft Legende" [New biturbo ace meets legend]. auto motor und sport (in German). ...nur 1.254 Kilo...
  15. ↑ "1987 – 1992 Ferrari F40". TopSpeed.com. TopSpeed. 8 October 2015. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
  16. ↑ "BBC Radio 2 – Chris Evans Breakfast Show – Photos". BBC . 25 June 2014. Archived from the original on 19 April 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
  17. ↑ Peek, Jeff (26 January 2018). "Are today's supercars immune to depreciation?". Hagerty . Archived from the original on 14 September 2018.
  18. 1 2 Tomalin, Peter (31 January 2013). "Ferrari F40 buying guide". Evo . Archived from the original on 20 December 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  19. ↑ "The Zoute Sale / The ex-Nigel Mansell, Ferrari Classiche certified 1989 Ferrari F40 Berlinetta Chassis no. ZFFGJ34B000080022 Engine no. 16148". Bonhams . 10 October 2014. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023.
  20. ↑ Evans, John (13 October 2014). "News: Nigel Mansell's Ferrari F40 sells at auction for just £543,375". Sunday Times Driving.
  21. ↑ Buckley, Martin; Rees, Chris (1998). The World Encyclopedia of Cars: The Definitive Guide to Classic and Contemporary Cars from 1945 to the Present Day . Hermes House. pp. 308–309. ISBN   9781840380835. OCLC   45632218.
  22. ↑ Golden, Conner (15 May 2020). "Ferrari F40: History and Specifications of a Legendary Supercar". Motor Trend .
  23. ↑ Page, James (16 November 2018). "Extreme machine: the inside story of the Ferrari F40". Classic & Sports Car.
  24. ↑ Frankel, Andrew; Nichols, Mel (18 May 1988). "Ferrari F40 1987–1992 Review". Autocar .
  25. ↑ Hall-Geisler, Kristen (10 April 2012). "Ferrari F40". About.com . Archived from the original on 24 September 2011.
  26. ↑ "The Brunei Experience". Paolo Garella. 1 January 1994. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  27. ↑ Giunco, Trent (26 February 2020). "Sultan of Brunei F40 collection". WhichCar.
  28. ↑ "1987–1992 Ferrari F40". Top Speed. Retrieved 7 May 2013.[ permanent dead link ]
  29. ↑ "Dalle Corse Alla Serie: L'esperienza Pirelli Nelle Competizioni" [From Racing to Series: Pirelli's Experience in Racing](PDF). Associazione Italiana per la Storia dell'Automobile  [ it ] (in Italian). Palazzo Affari Milano. 25 February 2006.
  30. ↑ "Pirelli, Sogno Italiano" [Pirelli, Italian dream]. Autosprint  [ it ] (in Italian). Autosprint. 27 July 2010. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  31. ↑ Zermiani (26 June 2011), Michele Alboreto prova la F40 (in Italian), archived from the original on 22 December 2021, retrieved 1 April 2020
  32. ↑ EnzoFerrari (4 March 2013), F40 Interview with Enzo (in Italian), archived from the original on 22 December 2021, retrieved 1 April 2020
  33. ↑ Japan (5 May 2014), F40 Promotional video (in Italian), archived from the original on 22 December 2021, retrieved 1 April 2020
  34. ↑ Uccello, Angelo (12 June 2017). "The story of the Ferrari F40 LM". DriveTribe .[ dead link ]
  35. ↑ Krejci, Martin (1 June 2010). "International Motor Sport Association 1990". World Sports Racing Prototypes. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014.
  36. ↑ "Strandell placing 1st in the 4 Hours of Vallelunga". RacingSportsCars. Archived from the original on 9 November 2013.
  37. ↑ Donaldson, Jessica (21 February 2013). "1990 Ferrari F40". ConceptCarz.
  38. ↑ Bigg, Martin (5 June 2018). "Extremely Rare Low-Mileage Ferrari F40 LM Looking for a New Home". CarBuzz.
  39. ↑ "F40 Competizione". Ferrari . Archived from the original on 15 May 2009.
  40. ↑ Silvestro, Brian (22 March 2018). "Bless Your Ears With the Sound of a Ferrari F40 Competizione". Road & Track.
  41. ↑ "Sotheby's Sealed – One-Off Nardo F40 "Competizione"". RM Sotheby's . 12 August 2022. Archived from the original on 12 August 2022.
  42. ↑ Edelstein, Stephen (13 August 2022). "One-of-one 1989 Ferrari F40 "Competizione" for sale". Motor Authority.
  43. ↑ Auto, Motor und Sport 25/1988
  44. ↑ Bernd Woytal (18 October 2015). "Ferrari F40 gegen Porsche 959: Nonplusultra-Supersportler der 80er – Auto Motor und Sport". auto motor und sport.
  45. ↑ Bovingdon, Jethro (11 November 2013). "1987 Ruf CTR Yellowbird 911 Turbo Driven!". Car and Driver . Archived from the original on 3 September 2019.
  46. ↑ Road & Track September 1991
  47. ↑ Road & Track October 1991
  48. ↑ Simanaitis, Dennis (October 1987). "First Look Flashback: 1987 Ferrari F40". Road & Track . Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  49. ↑ Car March 1994
  50. ↑ Kidston, Simon (September 2008). "New columnist Simon Kidston looks back on his early days" (PDF). Classic Cars . p. 17. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 March 2014.
  51. ↑ Sport Auto 10/1990
  52. ↑ Woytal, Bernd (9 October 2012). "Ferrari F40 im Fahrbericht: Den Teufel im Leib" [Ferrari F40 Driving Report: The Devil in the Womb]. Auto Motor und Sport (in German).
  53. ↑ Nichols, Mel (18 May 1988). "Ferrari F40 autocar". Autocar . Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  54. ↑ Kacher, Georg; Green, Gavin (July 1988). "Ferrari F40 vs Porsche 959: Another World". Car .
  55. ↑ Automobile Magazine August 1988
  56. ↑ Motor Trend July 1990 p.44-52
  57. ↑ Phillips, John (April 1992). "Tested: 1992 Ferrari F40 Meets Lamborghini Diablo". Car and Driver .
  58. ↑ Phillips, John (July 1995). "Porsche 911 Turbo: First place in the Supercar Olympics". Car and Driver . Archived from the original on 12 October 2013.
  59. ↑ Hammond, Richard (21 September 2012). "Richard Hammond on Ferrari F40 vs Porsche 959". Top Gear .
  60. ↑ Frankel, Andrew (22 February 2020). "The top 50 cars to drive before you die: And the winner is..." Autocar . What else could it be but legendary entrepreneur Enzo Ferrari's final car, the Ferrari F40?
  61. ↑ Prosser, Dan (23 April 2020). "Ferrari F40 Legacy". PistonHeads.
  62. ↑ "Ferrari F40: Buying guide and review". Auto Express . 5 November 2018.
  63. ↑ Frankel, Andrew (June 2007). "Ferrari F40". Motor Sport .
  64. ↑ Heseltine, Richard (June 2007). "The Unholy Trinity" (PDF). Classic & Sports Car . Photography by Tony Baker. pp. 118–129.
  65. ↑ Page, James (16 November 2018). "Extreme Machine: The Inside Story of the F40". Classic and Sports Car .
  66. ↑ Sabbatini, Alberto (21 July 2017). "Buon compleanno F40: dura e pura" [Happy birthday F40: hard and pure]. Sabbatini Auto News (in Italian).

Bibliography

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.