Fort Massac

Last updated
Fort Massac State Park
IUCN category V (protected landscape/seascape)
Fort Massac IL 2.JPG
The 2002 reconstruction of the 1802 Fort Massac, with the Ohio River in the background. The original, 1757 French fort foundation impression, can be seen at center-right, beyond the trees.
Location Massac County, Illinois
Nearest city Metropolis, Illinois
Coordinates 37°08′38″N88°41′14″W / 37.14389°N 88.68722°W / 37.14389; -88.68722
Area1,450 acres (587 ha)
Established1908
Governing body Illinois Department of Natural Resources
Fort Massac Site
USA Illinois location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Usa edcp location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Nearest city Metropolis, Illinois
Built1757
NRHP reference No. 71000293 [1]
Added to NRHPJuly 14, 1971

Fort Massac (or Fort Massiac) is a French colonial and early National-era fort on the Ohio River in Massac County, Illinois, United States.

Contents

Its site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.

History

The Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto and his soldiers may have built a fort nearby as early as 1540. Maps from the early 18th century show an "Ancien Fort" ("Old Fort") near this location. [2]

Fort Massac foundation impression, photograph pre-1920. Fort Massac Foundation Impression Circa 19th-20th Centuries.jpg
Fort Massac foundation impression, photograph pre-1920.
The reconstructed Fort Massac facing the Ohio River shoreline in 2010 Fort Massac River Side.jpg
The reconstructed Fort Massac facing the Ohio River shoreline in 2010

Fort Massac was built by the French in 1757, during the French and Indian War and was originally called "Fort de L’Ascension." The name was changed in 1759, to honor of Claud Louis d'Espinchal, Marquis de Massiac, the French Naval Minister. [3] Massiac is a French town in the Cantal department.

The French left the fort at the conclusion of the war, and it was destroyed by the Chickasaw sometime after 1763. In 1778, during the American Revolutionary War, Colonel George Rogers Clark led his regiment of "Long Knives" into Illinois near the site of the fort at Massac Creek. [lower-alpha 1] The fort was rebuilt in 1794, during the Northwest Indian War. [2]

In the fall of 1803, the Lewis and Clark Expedition stopped at Fort Massac on its way west, recruiting two volunteers. [4]

In 1805, General James Wilkinson and Vice President Aaron Burr held discussions at the fort. It is unclear, what connection this meeting may have had to the unfolding Burr Conspiracy (1806–1807), but as an important river fort in what was then the western United States, the fort was connected to several events related to the conspiracy. [5]

The Fort was repaired after being damaged in the 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes, but it was decommissioned in 1814. [2]

State park and historic site

The Fort Massac site became the first Illinois state park in 1908. In the 1970s, a partial reconstruction of the 1794 U.S. Army fort was built, but in 2002, it was torn down, and a smaller but more detailed version fort as it appeared in 1802 was reconstructed.

Each fall, reenactors gather for the Fort Massac Encampment, which interprets life in the 18th century. A visitor center just north of the reconstruction includes a museum with Indian artifacts, mannequins in period clothing, and other exhibits that explain the history of the fort. [lower-alpha 2]

Notes

  1. Clark eventually captured the Illinois area for the State of Virginia.
  2. A scale model, built and donated by Mike Gaia of Paducah, KY, is displayed in the museum.

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References

  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  2. 1 2 3 "About Fort Massac State Park". Illinois Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved 25 December 2018.
  3. "Fort Massac State Park website". DNR State Illinois. Archived from the original on 2010-04-21.
  4. "Fort Massac Site: Lewis and Clark Expedition: A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary". US National Park Service. Retrieved 25 December 2018.
  5. Caldwell, Norman W. (1951). "Fort Massac: since 1805". Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society. 44: 47‑60.

Further reading