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Christmas in Poland, known in the Polish language as Boże Narodzenie or Gwiazdka, is a major annual celebration, as in most countries of the Christian world. The observance of Christmas in Poland developed gradually over the centuries, beginning in ancient times; combining old Polish pagan customs with the religious practice introduced after the Christianization of Poland by the Catholic Church. Later influences include the mutual permeating of local traditions, lore, and folk culture. It is one of the most important religious holidays for Poles, who follow strict traditional customs, some of which are not found elsewhere in Europe.
A Christmas carol is a carol (a song or hymn) on the theme of Christmas, traditionally sung at Christmas itself or during the surrounding Christmas and holiday season. The term noel has sometimes been used, especially for carols of French origin. Christmas carols may be regarded as a subset of the broader category of Christmas music.
Spirituals is a genre of Christian music that is associated with African Americans, which merged varied African cultural influences with the experiences of being held in bondage in slavery, at first during the transatlantic slave trade and for centuries afterwards, through the domestic slave trade. Spirituals encompass the "sing songs", work songs, and plantation songs that evolved into the blues and gospel songs in church. In the nineteenth century, the word "spirituals" referred to all these subcategories of folk songs. While they were often rooted in biblical stories, they also described the extreme hardships endured by African Americans who were enslaved from the 17th century until the 1860s, the emancipation altering mainly the nature of slavery for many. Many new derivative music genres such as the blues emerged from the spirituals songcraft.
Sir John Milford Rutter is an English composer, conductor, editor, arranger, and record producer, mainly of choral music.
"What Child Is This?" is a Christmas carol with lyrics written by William Chatterton Dix in 1865 and set to the tune of "Greensleeves", a traditional English folk song, in 1871. Although written in Great Britain, the carol today is more popular in the United States than its country of origin.
"The Holly and the Ivy" is a traditional British folk Christmas carol, listed as number 514 in the Roud Folk Song Index. The song can be traced only as far as the early nineteenth century, but the lyrics reflect an association between holly and Christmas dating at least as far as medieval times. The lyrics and melody varied significantly in traditional communities, but the song has since become standardised. The version which is now popular was collected in 1909 by the English folk song collector Cecil Sharp in the market town of Chipping Campden in Gloucestershire, England, from a woman named Mary Clayton.
"Angels We Have Heard on High" is a Christmas carol to the hymn tune "Gloria" from a traditional French song of unknown origin called "Les Anges dans nos campagnes", with paraphrased English lyrics by James Chadwick. The song's subject is the birth of Jesus Christ as narrated in the Gospel of Luke, specifically the scene outside Bethlehem in which shepherds encounter a multitude of angels singing and praising the newborn child.
"Michael, Row the Boat Ashore" is a traditional spiritual first noted during the American Civil War at St. Helena Island, one of the Sea Islands of South Carolina. The best-known recording was released in 1960 by the U.S. folk band The Highwaymen; that version briefly reached number-one hit status as a single.
"Wade in the Water" is an African American jubilee song, a spiritual—in reference to a genre of music "created and first sung by African Americans in slavery."
"Keep Your Eyes on the Prize" is a folk song that became influential during the American Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s. It is based on the traditional song, "Gospel Plow," also known as "Hold On," "Keep Your Hand on the Plow," and various permutations thereof.
"Children, Go Where I Send Thee" is a traditional African-American spiritual song. Among the many different versions of the song, a defining feature is the cumulative structure, with each number accompanied by a biblical reference. Today, many Americans know it as a Christmas carol.
Christmas Spirituals is the name of two albums recorded by the American folk singer Odetta. The first was released in 1960 on Vanguard Records. The second, a new recording of mostly the same songs, produced by Rachel Faro at White Crowe Audio in Burlington, Vermont, was originally released in 1987 on Alcazar Records and was reissued digitally in 2007 on Ashe Records. Both albums have Bill Lee, Spike Lee's father on double bass. The cover of the second Christmas Spirituals album, by the artist Coleen Patterson, depicts a Black Madonna by the River Jordan with the Three Kings in attendance. Odetta said that these songs were traditional spirituals that emerged from the sufferings of slavery as a catharsis for the terrible wrongs that were committed.
"Nobody Knows the Trouble I've Seen" is an African-American spiritual song that originated during the period of slavery but was not published until 1867. The song is well known and many cover versions of it have been recorded by artists such as Marian Anderson, Lena Horne, Louis Armstrong, Harry James, Paul Robeson, and Sam Cooke among others.
John Wesley Work Jr. was a musicologist, the first African-American collector of folk songs and spirituals, and also a choral director, educationalist singer and songwriter.
Bayard Rustin Sings Twelve Spirituals on The Life of Christ with readings from the Bible by James Farmer is a 10-inch LP released in 1952 by civil rights and peace activist Bayard Rustin on Fellowship Records, a label owned by the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR), for which Rustin was working as a youth organizer. The album consists of Rustin singing a cappella spirituals in the tenor register with scripture reading by James Farmer. The album was recorded shortly before Rustin left for Africa on a trip for the FOR. Rustin also recorded Elizabethan Songs and Negro Spirituals, with harpsichord accompaniment by Margaret Davison. It was also released by Fellowship Records. Both of these recordings were combined on a compact disc, Bayard Rustin: The Singer.
Christmas in Mexico is observed from December 12 to January 6, with one additional celebration on February 2. Traditional decorations displayed on this holiday include nativity scenes, poinsettias, and Christmas trees. The season begins with celebrations related to the Virgin of Guadalupe, the Patroness of Mexico, followed by traditions such as Las Posadas and Pastorelas.
Christmas traditions include a variety of customs, religious practices, rituals, and folklore associated with the celebration of Christmas. Many of these traditions vary by country or region, while others are practiced virtually identically worldwide.
The Welcome Table is a traditional American gospel and African American folk song by an anonymous author, who was likely enslaved.
"Rise Up, Shepherd, and Follow" is a song telling the story of Christmas morning, describing a "star in the East" that will lead to the birthplace of Christ. The title derives from a lyric repeated throughout the song. Depending on how the song is arranged and performed, it is known variously as a spiritual, hymn, carol, gospel song, or folk song.
"Somebody's Knocking at Your Door", sometimes given as "Somebody's Knocking" and "Somebody's Knockin ' at Yo' Door", is a spiritual. The song's music and text has no known author, but originated among enslaved African-Americans on Plantation complexes in the Southern United States sometime in the early 19th century.
References
- ↑ "Go Tell It on the Mountain - Lyrics, Hymn Meaning and Story".
- ↑ Epstein, Joseph (2006). The Yale Book of Quotations. Yale University Press. p. 278. ISBN 978-0-300-10798-2.
- ↑ "Go, Tell It on the Mountain".
- ↑ Kimberling, Clark (Summer 2014). "Three Generations of Works and Their Contributions to Congregational Singing". The Hymn. 65 (3). Boston: 10–17. ProQuest 1613176807.
- ↑ Thomas P. Fenner (1909). Religious Folk Songs of the Negro as Sung on the Plantations. Arranged by the musical directors of The Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. From the original edition by Thomas P. Fenner. Hampton, VA: Institute Presse. p. 174. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
- ↑ Crump, W.D. (2022). The Christmas Encyclopedia (4 ed.). McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. p. 237. ISBN 978-1-4766-4759-3 . Retrieved June 11, 2024.
- ↑ "CashBox Record Reviews" (PDF). Cash Box. February 29, 1964. p. 10. Retrieved January 12, 2022.
- ↑ Marsh, Charles (1997). God's Long Summer. Princeton. p. 47. ISBN 9780691130675.
- ↑ Whitburn, Joel (2008). Hot Country Songs 1944 to 2008. Record Research, Inc. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-89820-177-2.
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