Indian Institute of Horticultural Research

Last updated

Indian Institute of Horticulture Research
Other name
ICAR-IIHR
TypeConstituent establishment under the ICAR/DARE
Established1967;57 years ago (1967)
AffiliationDepartment of Agricultural Research and Education
Academic affiliations
Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Officer in charge
Prof. (Dr.) Tusar Kanti Behera
Location
Bengaluru
,
Karnataka
,
India

13°08′06″N77°29′35″E / 13.135°N 77.493°E / 13.135; 77.493
Colors Green
Website IIHR
Logo of Indian Institute of Horticultural Research.jpg
IIHR Main Building IIHR Main Building.jpg
IIHR Main Building

The Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR) is an autonomous organization acting as a nodal agency for basic, strategic, anticipatory and applied research on various aspects of horticulture such as fruits, vegetable, ornamental, medicinal and aromatic plants and mushrooms in India. [1] The institute has its headquarters in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India and is a subsidiary of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, under the Ministry of Agriculture, India. It recently has been ranked 1st for the combined years 2019-20 and 2020–21 by the ICAR. [2]

Contents

History

IIHR Water Tank IIHR Water Tank.jpg
IIHR Water Tank

The IIHR, the first horticultural research institute in the country under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), was established on 5 September 1967 at New Delhi. Later, the base of IIHR was moved to Hesaraghatta located 25 km (16 mi) from Bangalore in Karnataka, on 1 February 1968, by merging the institute with National Horatorium of Govt. of Karnataka [1] which was the premises of the Fruit Research Station, Hesaraghatta established in 1938 by HC Javaraya. [3] [4] The institute is spread over a land area of 263 hectares. [5] Dr. Gurubachan Singh Randhawa was the first founding director of the institute from 1967 to 1980. [6]

Mandate

The institute is mandated to :

  1. Undertake basic and applied research for developing strategies to enhance productivity and utilization of tropical and sub-tropical horticulture crops viz., fruits, vegetables, ornamentals, medicinal and aromatic plants and mushrooms.
  2. Serve as a repository of scientific information relevant to horticulture.
  3. Act as a centre for training for up gradation of scientific manpower in modern technologies for horticulture production.
  4. Collaborate with national and international agencies in achieving the above objectives.

Service profile - Agriculture Technology Information Center

The institute offers various services, consolidated under the umbrella of the Agriculture Technology Information Center (ATIC).

Farmers’ Advisory services : The service envisages identification of farmers' problems, analysis and advising suitable corrective measures.

Diagnostics : Diagnosis of diseases of various horticultural crops and advice on their control and management.

Supply of Video Films : Distribution of video films to the farmers and organizations for updating knowledge on modern technologies.

Supply of Publications : The institute has published many illustrated leaflets and bulletins for dissemination of crop information to the farmers. The publications are made in English, Hindi, Kannada, Tamil, Malayalam and Telugu.

Supply of Computer floppies and print outs : The institute has also made information available on floppy disks and as print-outs.

Nursery plants at display Plants-display.jpg
Nursery plants at display

Supply of seeds: Supply of seeds in packets are also undertaken by the institute.

Divisions

Fruit Crops

The division deals with improvement of production technology of mango, grapes, pineapple, guava, papaya, pomegranate, ber, annona and citrus.

Mandate

Vegetable Crops

Vegetables Veggies.jpg
Vegetables

The vegetable Crops division carries out research, developing high yielding vegetable varieties / hybrids through crop improvement programmes with an emphasis on minimizing the cost. The division has five breeding laboratories and a production technology laboratory.

Mandate

Flower and Medicinal Crops

A floriculture greenhouse Floriculture.jpg
A floriculture greenhouse

The focus of the division is on development of new varieties of ornamental crops with a view to enhance export earning. The division also addresses issues like Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights.

Mandate

Crop Protection

Phyllody induced by phytoplasma infection on a coneflower (Echinacea purpurea Phyllody on Coneflower with aster yellows.jpg
Phyllody induced by phytoplasma infection on a coneflower ( Echinacea purpurea

The Plant Pathology division attends to basic and applied research for the management of diseases by microorganisms. Fully equipped laboratories are set up to combat the fungal, bacterial, viral, viroid and phytoplasma diseases of fruit crops, vegetable crops, ornamental and medicinal crops. The division also imparts training to agricultural extension officers and farmers.

Mandate

Insects and Pest TRES18481.jpg
Insects and Pest

Basic Sciences

Tissue culture vials Tissue culture vials nci-vol-2142-300.jpg
Tissue culture vials

The Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry is the arm of IIHR that deal with tissue culture, molecular biology, pesticide residue and food microbiology.

Mandate

Natural Resources

Salt-affected soil Salinity.jpg
Salt-affected soil

The division studies the nutrient requirement of horticultural crops and to develop suitable agro techniques for vegetable crops. It houses many laboratories viz., Soil Chemistry, Soil Salinity, Micronutrient, Leaf Analysis, Isotope, Water Management, Soil Microbiology, Microbiology and Pesticide Residue Laboratories.

Mandate

Social Sciences and Training

E and T division operated as an Advanced Training Center of the Directorate of Extension, Government of India (1997–2003) and was the Trainers Training Center of the Indian Council and Agricultural Research from 1976 to 1997. It looks after the training and extension activities of IIHR.

Mandate

Post Harvest Technology and Agricultural Engineering

The division started as the Division of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Microbiology and Postharvest Technology in 1978 which was later renamed as the Division of Postharvest Technology. The research work in the division focusses on handling and storage, processing, microbiology and cut flowers.

Objectives

Sections

Biotechnology The Division of Biotechnology is now merged with the Division of Basic Sciences, which focusses on research on Gene discovery, regeneration and transgenics, Molecular markers, Marker Assisted Selection, Functional Genomics, Bioinformatics and Endophytic molecular microbiology. Specific areas of work include:

Plant Genetic Resources

The division is involved in exploration, introduction, exchange, evaluation, characterization and conservation of horticultural plant growth regulators. IIHR claims to have introduced 22,080 accessions in fruits, vegetables, ornamentals & Medicinal and Aromatic Plant species. It also works on enrichment of germplasm from wild sources through exploration missions.

A Pollen Cryobank was established under the division for long term cryogenic preservation of crops which was featured in the Limca Book of Records in 2001. A Field Gene Bank (FGB) also works under the division and the division supports establishment FGBs for Mango, Guava and Jackfruit crops.

Mandate

Seed Science and Technology: to conduct research on seed production and quality aspects of horticultural crops with a mandate:

Agricultural Engineering: to develop and maintain IIHR farm and to establish workshop for research and development in Farm Machinery with a mandate to:

Medicinal Crops: to undertake research work is on the genetic improvement of commercially important medicinal and aromatic crops and standardization of agro-technology. It holds the mandate to:

Economics and Statistics: undertakes research work on economic aspects and statistical models. The section is associated in collaborative or co-investigative research at the institute level as well as in external projects. It is also involved in the post graduate collaboration in education and research with University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, and University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot. The section has a mandate :

Regional stations

Central Horticultural Experiment Stations (CHES)

IIHR operates three CHESs under its wing.

CHES Chettalli : The station works on the mandate crop of mandarin out of an area of 92 hectares in Coorg. The other crops of interest are papaya and passion fruit and minor fruits like rambutan, pummelo, avocado, mangosteen, karonda, Malayan apple and Garcinia. The station is also involved in the floricultural of rose, asters, gladiolus and orchids.

CHES Bhubaneshwar is located at Bhubaneswar, Odisha and conducts research on applied and strategic aspects of horticultural crops. It also develops sustainable technologies suitable for the farmers of eastern region of the country in general and the state of Odisha in particular.

CHES Hirehalli is located at Hirehalli, near Tumkur in Karanataka.

Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVK)

There are two KVKs functioning under IIHR.

KVK Gonikoppal: This KVK is located at Virajpet taluk which is 50 km away from Madikeri and 92 km away from Mysore. It covers a total area of 17.5 hectares with office, laboratories, library and staff quarters and has demonstrations units like coffee based cropping system, Arecanut, Banana, Coorg mandarin, Papaya, Sapota, Guava, different vegetables, ployhouse, Piggery, Goatery and fodder block.

KVK Hirehalli: The KVK is located at Hirehalli, in Tumkur District, approximately 58 km from Bangalore on the Bangalore-Poona National Highway (NH-4). The KVK extends to a total area of the Kendra is 16.24 hectares and has an office cum-laboratory building, library, staff quarters, polyhouses, shed nets, threshing yard, nursery and landscaping.

All India Coordinated Research Project on Fruits

The All India Coordinated Research Project on Fruits is a research program where the Central research institutes and the State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) work as a team to find solutions to various problems related to a specific topic. [7] IIHR is the hosting central institute for All India Coordinated Research Project on Fruits [8]

Seed Portal

ICAR IIHR Seed Portal Home-ICAR-IIHR-Seed-Portal.png
ICAR IIHR Seed Portal

The institute makes its seeds and planting materials through its exclusive ICAR-IIHR Seed Portal for public. It has also integrated with SBI YONO app. [9]

National Horticulture Fair

NHF2024 Logo with TagLine.png

Every year since 2018, the institute is organizing National Horticulture Fair (NHF) under various themes for showcasing its technologies to the farmers and entrepreneurs. About 50,000 people had visited the fair in the year 2020 which was organized under the theme 'Horticulture: Making Farming an Enterprise'. [10] In 2021, NHF's theme was 'Horticulture: For Stand-up and Start-up India' and had a footfall of 56,000. [11] In the year 2022, the fair went online. However, the 2023's fair is under the theme, Innovative Horticulture for Self-Reliance and was from Feb 22–25, 2023. This year's NHF 2024 theme was "nextgen technology led horticulture for sustainable development" and it attracted about 70,000 visitors during March 5–7, 2024. [12]

Arka Samachar

Arka Samachar Arka samachar.png
Arka Samachar

For the benefit of the farmers and other stakeholders and also to share and showcase various latest horticultural production technologies, the institute brings out monthly program on its YouTube channel[11] [13] [14] in seven languages viz., Hindi, Kannada, Telugu, Tamil, Marathi, Malayalam & Odia. The programme episodes will be made live every month on second Friday with the new content coinciding with the monthly horticultural operations in the country.

Scholarly societies

The institute houses two scholarly societies viz., Society for Promotion of Horticulture (SPH]) which publishes Journal of Horticultural Sciences (JHS) and Association for Advancement for Pest Management of Horticultural Ecosystems (AAPMHE) which publishes Pest Management In Horticultural Ecosystems (PMHE) peer-reviewed journals to communicate the latest research outputs publicly in open access mode.

Facilities

The campus also hosts other amenities like Bank, Hospital and staff quarters.

Achievements

IIHR is credited with the development of 170 varieties and hybrids of horticultural crops and many sustainable production, protection and post harvest management technologies.

Fruit Crops : Three varieties in papaya, five hybrids in mango, three varieties in guava, five hybrids in grapes, one variety each in pomegranate, annona, ber and passion fruit. IIHR has released a high yielding pink fleshed Arka Prabhat papaya hybrid, [15] [16] Arka Kiran, a red fleshed hybrid guava [17] [18] and Arka Sahan, a hybrid of annona [19] [20] with large globules and less seeds.

Vegetable Crops : The institute has developed and released 60 high yielding open pollinated varieties and 15 F1 hybrids in 24 vegetable crops resistant to pests and diseases for commercial cultivation. Some of them are:

Ornamental Crops : IIHR has evolved improved varieties of gladiolus, chrysanthemum, bougainvillea, hibiscus, tube rose, rose, China aster, carnation, gerbera and crossandra. They have also developed China aster varieties such as Poornima, Kamini, Vilet cushion and Shashank and tube rose cultivars like Shringar, Suvasini, Prajwal and Vibahv and a crossandra variety by name Arka Ambara. [17]

Mushrooms : IIHR is credited with the development of a spore less mutant of oyster mushroom, milky mushroom, Jews ear mushroom and a medicinal mushroom. [31]

Production Technology : Some of the achievements of IIHR in the field of production technology are:

Plant Protection : Plant protection technologies standardized or developed by IIHR are:

Post Harvest Technology : IIHR has contributed to the standardization of Post Harvest Technology as:

Machineries : IIHR has developed machineries the following purposes.

Awards and recognitions

IIHR has been awarded and recognized as: [31]

See also

Related Research Articles

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to agriculture:

Agronomy is the science and technology of producing and using plants by agriculture for food, fuel, fiber, chemicals, recreation, or land conservation. Agronomy has come to include research of plant genetics, plant physiology, meteorology, and soil science. It is the application of a combination of sciences such as biology, chemistry, economics, ecology, earth science, and genetics. Professionals of agronomy are termed agronomists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Horticulture</span> Small-scale cultivation of plants

Horticulture is the science and art of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, or ornamental plants. Horticulture is commonly associated with the more professional and technical aspects of plant cultivation on a smaller and more controlled scale than agronomy. There are various divisions of horticulture because plants are grown for a variety of purposes. These divisions include, but are not limited to: propagation, arboriculture, landscaping, floriculture and turf maintenance. For each of these, there are various professions, aspects, tools used and associated challenges; Each requiring highly specialized skills and knowledge of the horticulturist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ornamental plant</span> Plant that is grown for decorative purposes

Ornamental plants or garden plants are plants that are primarily grown for their beauty but also for qualities such as scent or how they shape physical space. Many flowering plants and garden varieties tend to be specially bred cultivars that improve on the original species in qualities such as color, shape, scent, and long-lasting blooms. There are many examples of fine ornamental plants that can provide height, privacy, and beauty for any garden. These ornamental perennial plants have seeds that allow them to reproduce. One of the beauties of ornamental grasses is that they are very versatile and low maintenance.

This is an alphabetical index of articles related to gardening.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Junagadh Agricultural University</span> Agricultural university in Junagadh, India

Junagadh Agricultural University (JAU) is a public state agricultural university at Junagadh in the Indian state of Gujarat. Junagadh Agricultural University offers education in agriculture and allied sciences, i.e., agriculture, agricultural engineering and fisheries. The teaching in the university consists of four faculties: agriculture, agricultural engineering, fisheries and postgraduate studies. The graduate programmes have an intake capacity of 135 in agriculture, 70 in agricultural engineering and 30 in fisheries faculty. The postgraduate level studies are offered in agriculture and agricultural engineering according to the intake capacity of the various faculties.

<i>Oidium mangiferae</i> Species of fungus

Oidium mangiferae is a plant pathogen that infects mango trees causing powdery mildew. Powdery mildew of mango is an Ascomycete pathogen of the Erysiphales family that was initially described by Berthet in 1914, using samples collected from Brazil. O. mangiferae is found in all areas where mangoes have been raised long term, but is particularly widespread in India where both the host and the pathogen are native. Currently no teleomorph stage has been identified, but due to certain morphological characteristics it has been suggested that O. mangiferae belongs in the Erysiphe polygony group. Mango is the only known host for this pathogen, though O. mangiferae appears to be identical to fungi responsible for powdery mildew diseases on various other plant species, particularly oak, though some differences may be observed. In particular, the number of cells in conidiophores varies from 2 on mango to 3-5 on oak. O. mangiferae has been known to infect oak leaves in the laboratory, however due to the lack of a known teleomorph stage O. mangiferae is still considered to only be a pathogen of mango. Recent analysis of its ribosomal DNA suggests it is conspecific with Erysiphe alphitoides, the causative agent of powdery mildew in European oaks.

The Institute of Plant Breeding (IPB) is a research institute of the University of the Philippines Los Baños. It is the national biotechnology research center and repository for all crops other than rice, which is handled by the Philippine Rice Research Institute.

Krishi Vigyan Kendra Kannur is a front-line agricultural extension center and one of the 700 KVKs financed by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). It opened on 30 March 2004 on the premises of Pepper Research Station, Panniyoor under Kerala Agricultural University. KVK primarily works to influence the other extension systems of the district, caters to the training needs of the farmers and extension functionaries, and facilitates the spread of technologies tailored to the diverse environment of farmers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mitraniketan</span>

Mitraniketan Vishwavidyapeetam for Open Learning & Total Development is a Non-Governmental organization located at Vellanad, which is 25 km away from Thiruvananthapuram, the capital of Kerala state in South India. It is a 500-member community, including a staff of 100 men and women. Mitraniketan works in the fields of innovation, training and extension in community development, environment, science, education and appropriate technology. The project was begun with a view to offering education and training in a holistic spirit to primarily socially underprivileged children and youngsters. The organization focuses on alternative education mode for development.

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) was launched during February 2011 by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) with the funding from the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. The mega project has three major objectives of strategic research, technology demonstrations and capacity building. Assessment of the impact of climate change simultaneous with formulation of adaptive strategies is the prime approach under strategic research across all sectors of agriculture, dairying and fisheries.

Regional Agricultural Research Station, Pattambi is a research Station under the Central Zone of Kerala Agricultural University at Pattambi in Palakkad district of Kerala, India.

The ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute is an institute for research in citrus fruits and horticulture at Nagpur, Maharashtra. It is located at Nagpur in the state of Maharashtra. The city is famous for mandarin oranges. The centre provides for research in the field of citrus agriculture; it also offers consultancy towards the field. It is a research institute under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) which is an autonomous body under the Ministry of Agriculture of the Indian Government.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indian Institute of Spices Research</span> Agricultural research organisation

The Indian Institute of Spices Research (IISR) is an autonomous organisation engaged in agricultural research related to spices in India. The institute has its headquarters in Moozhikkal, Silver Hills, Kozhikode, Kerala and is a subsidiary of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, under the Ministry of Agriculture, India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal</span> Research center in Bhopal, India

The Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering (CIAE) is a higher seat of learning, research and development in the field of agricultural engineering, situated in the lake city of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. It is an autonomous body, an Indian Council of Agricultural Research subsidiary, under the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmer's Welfare, Government of India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research</span> Research center in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

The Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research is an autonomous institute of higher learning, under the umbrella of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) by the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India for advanced research in sugar cane agriculture. The Institute is located on Raibareli Road, Dilkusha in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. While, The Central Sugarcane Research Institute established in 1912 is located in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. It works also under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research.

Krishna Lal Chadha is an Indian horticultural scientist, author and a former National Professor of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. He was honored by the Government of India, in 2012, with the fourth highest Indian civilian award of Padma Shri.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Directorate of Groundnut Research</span> Research centre in India

ICAR - Directorate of Groundnut Research (ICAR-DGR) formerly known as National Research Centre for Groundnut is a premier national level institute set up by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture of India to cater to the needs of agricultural science research in the field of groundnut (peanut) crop in India. ICAR-DGR was established in 1979, Gujarat to give a fillip to research for enhancing productivity of groundnut in keeping with its importance among the oilseed crops of India. The research centre came into being as the first crop commodity research unit under the category of NRC's of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, as an autonomous body set up as a registered society. The National Research Centre on Groundnut (NRCG) was elevated to the level of a Directorate in the year 2009 and rechristened as the Directorate of Groundnut Research.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">K.S. Varaprasad</span>

Kodeboyina Sivannarayana Varaprasad is an Indian agricultural scientist, Nematologist and the Director of Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. He was former Head of NBPGR, Regional Station at Hyderabad for about a period of 26 years. and was associated in the development of 11 genetic stocks in tomato, linseed, jatropha, cowpea, chilli and sorghum. Dr.K.S.Varaprasad is recipient of Late Sri P.P. Singhal Memorial Award, 2015.

References

  1. 1 2 Indian Institute of Horticultural Research – Ivarakandapura
  2. ↑ Kumar, B. s Satish (29 September 2022). "Bengaluru's Indian Institute of Horticultural Research tops the list of 93 ICAR institutes in national ranking". The Hindu. ISSN   0971-751X . Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  3. ↑ "Department of Horticulture". www.karnataka.gov.in. Retrieved 24 December 2018.
  4. ↑ "Remembering the man who enhanced Bengaluru's green cover". The Times of India. 15 April 2023. ISSN   0971-8257 . Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  5. ↑ Institution | IIHR
  6. ↑ "Dr. G S Randhawa | ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research". iihr.res.in. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
  7. ↑ List of All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP)
  8. ↑ "Aicrp | Iihr". Archived from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 15 April 2017.
  9. ↑ "YONO Krishi integrated with ICAR IIHR seed portal". @businessline. 27 August 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  10. ↑ "Horticulture fair sees footfall of over 50,000". The Hindu. 9 February 2020. ISSN   0971-751X . Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  11. ↑ Dhanajaya, M. V. (3 December 2022). "National Horticultural Fair 2021-A Success Story | Journal of Horticultural Sciences". Journal of Horticultural Sciences. 16 (2): 315–318. doi: 10.24154/jhs.v16i2.1056 .
  12. ↑ Bureau, The Hindu (7 March 2024). "National Horticulture Fair attracts over 70,000 visitors in three days". The Hindu. ISSN   0971-751X . Retrieved 9 March 2024.{{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  13. ↑ Twitter https://twitter.com/icar_iihr/status/1380382674263494659 . Retrieved 11 April 2021.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  14. ↑ "ICAR Indian Institute of Horticultural Research - YouTube". www.youtube.com. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  15. ↑ Variety of papaya for marketing
  16. ↑ Director General, ICAR Appreciated IIHR | Indian Council of Agricultural Research
  17. 1 2 3 IIHR develops low cost, high yield hybrids
  18. ↑ Guava Variety: Arka Kiran|Horti
  19. ↑ "Economics of Arka Sahan-custard Apple". Archived from the original on 6 September 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  20. ↑ The Hindu : Sci Tech / Agriculture : Researchers' efforts bear fruit with Arka sahan custard apple variety
  21. ↑ Water melon
  22. ↑ Horticulture :: Vegetables:: Bhendi
  23. ↑ Indian Journals
  24. ↑ ICT-AAS-tomato
  25. ↑ Varities [sic] in Tomato|Horti
  26. ↑ Onion Varieties
  27. ↑ http://icar.org.in/agridata/12data/chapter2/db2012tb2_9.pdf%5B‍%5D
  28. ↑ Horticulture Technologies
  29. ↑ Varieties of Brinjal |UAS Raichur
  30. ↑ Hybrid seed production of Onion cv Arka Lalima (using CMS lines)|Horti
  31. 1 2 Institution | IIHR
  32. ↑ "Recommended Varieties". Archived from the original on 26 June 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  33. 1 2 3 http://www.zpdviii.gov.in/iihr.pdf Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine [ bare URL PDF ]
  34. ↑ Foliar Spraying of Micronutrients in Banana | agropedia
  35. ↑ Azospirillum – Azospirillum Biofertilizer, Azospirillum Manufacturer, Azospirillum Biofertilizer Wholesaler from Coimbatore, India
  36. ↑ Technology for the establishment of pollen cryobank|Horti
  37. ↑ http://icar.org.in/cbp/Data/Coordinator/2560/MKR%20Diagnostics%20summer%20school%20brochure1.pdf%5B‍%5D
  38. ↑ Phytosanitary Certificate Issuing Authorities in India « Phytosanitary Solutions Archived 18 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  39. ↑ Kumar, B. S. Satish (29 September 2022). "Bengaluru's Indian Institute of Horticultural Research tops the list of 93 ICAR institutes in national ranking". The Hindu. ISSN   0971-751X . Retrieved 9 March 2024.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.