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 Indonesia |  Vietnam |
|---|---|
| Diplomatic mission | |
| Embassy of Indonesia, Hanoi | Embassy of Vietnam, Jakarta |
Indonesia and Vietnam established diplomatic relations in 1955. Indonesia has an embassy in Hanoi. Vietnam has an embassy in Jakarta. Both are neighboring nations that have a maritime border which lies on the South China Sea and are members of ASEAN and APEC.
The relations between ancient Indonesia and Vietnam, particularly Southern Vietnam, began around the 7th century, since the era of the Champa, Srivijaya, and later Majapahit kingdoms. [1] : 225 In mid-11th century, Vietnamese king Ly Thanh Tong (r. 1054–1071) was said to have purchased a precious pearl from a Javanese merchant. [2] : 145 A Majapahit epic poem called Nagarakretagama mentioned several states that is today Vietnam: Champa and Yawana (Đại Việt). Indonesian 15th century records mentioned Princess Darawati, a Cham princess, married to King Kertawijaya, Majapahit's seventh ruler. The tomb of Putri Champa (Princess of Champa) can be found in Trowulan, East Java, the site of Majapahit capital.[ citation needed ] From the 15th to 17th century, Muslim Cham maintains a cordial relationship with Aceh Sultanate.[ citation needed ]
While informal diplomatic relations originated in the 1940s, formal diplomatic ties was only established following the 1955 Bandung Conference. Indonesia established consulate-generals in Hanoi and Saigon on December and September of that year. While initially keeping neutral between the North and South parties, Indonesia's government under Sukarno grew to favor the communist North Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh visited Indonesia in 1959 and Sukarno visited back the following year. Eventually, on 10 August 1964 an embassy was established in Hanoi, which resulted in severance of diplomatic ties with South Vietnam and closure of the Saigon consulate. This embassy was maintained even as Suharto took power. [3]
On 28 July 1995, Vietnam became the seventh member of ASEAN. [4] The bilateral cooperation through ASEAN has been promoted ever since.
In February 1959, North Vietnamese President Ho Chi Minh visited Indonesia, reciprocated by President Sukarno visit to North Vietnam in June on the same year. [5] In November 1990 President Suharto visited Vietnam. In April 1994 President Lê Đức Anh visited Indonesia. [5] Indonesian President Megawati Sukarnoputri visited Hanoi on 22 August 2001, [6] and also in June 2003, reciprocated by President Trần Đức Lương visit to Jakarta in November 2001. [5] Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono visited Hanoi on 28 May 2005. On 27 June 2013, Vietnamese President Trương Tấn Sang visited Indonesia and paid a courtesy call to his Indonesian counterpart, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, to strengthen bilateral relations and deepen cooperation in key sectors, as well as agreeing to establish a strategic partnership. [7] in December 2022, Vietnamese President Nguyễn Xuân Phúc visit Indonesia to deepen cooperation and finalize the demarcation on both of the Maritime Borders. [8]
In 2016, about 50,000 Vietnamese tourists visited Indonesia, with 70,000 Indonesians coming to Vietnam. [9]
Indonesia and Vietnam currently do not have territorial disputes. However, addressing the territorial disputes in the South China Sea, Indonesia supports and urges ASEAN nations (including Vietnam and the Philippines) to unite and reaffirm the Declaration on the Conduct (DOC) of parties involved, the need to reaffirm the guidelines, Code of Conduct (COC) in the East Sea (South China Sea), and the need to respect international laws and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). [10]
In more recent years, Vietnamese fishing vessels captured for allegedly fishing in the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone have been sunk, with 96 ships being sunk throughout 2016, making it the most compared to other countries. [11] The Indonesian President expressed his desire to resolve EEZ issues to his Vietnamese counterpart during the 2017 G20 Hamburg summit, of which Vietnam was a guest. [12]
In late 2022, during the state visit of Vietnamese President Nguyễn Xuân Phúc to Indonesia, the two nations' heads of state have announced that the two parties have concluded negotiations relate to the demarcation of EEZ boundaries . Even though the formal agreement is yet to be signed, it is expected to effectively end Vietnam and Indonesia's concerns & clashes in the area and encourage both countries to be more united to deal with China's aggression in the South China Sea. [13]
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| Related topics | ||
As of April 2022, Vietnam maintains diplomatic relationships with 189 UN member states, State of Palestine and Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. In 2011 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam, at the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, released an official statement about Vietnam's foreign policy and a section of the statement stated: "Vietnam is a friend and reliable partner of all countries in the international community, actively taking part in international and regional cooperation processes. Deepen, stabilize and sustain established international relations. Develop relations with countries and territories in the world, as well as international organizations, while showing: respect for each other's independence; sovereignty and territorial integrity; non-interference in each other's international affairs; non-use or threat of force; settlement of disagreements and disputes by means of peaceful negotiations; mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit."
Raden Mohammad Marty Muliana Natalegawa, is an Indonesian diplomat and was the Minister for Foreign Affairs in the Second United Indonesia Cabinet. He served as Indonesia's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 5 September 2007 until his latest appointment and has also served as the Indonesian Ambassador to the United Kingdom and as a spokesman for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia.
China and Indonesia established formal diplomatic relations in 1950, more commonly referred to as Sino-Indonesian relations. Prior to this, for many centuries, the two countries maintained a variety of relations mainly in informal trade. Under Sukarno’s presidency, from 1945 to 1967, relations with China deepened, as in the early 1960s Sukarno embarked on a series of aggressive foreign policies under the rubric of anti-imperialism and personally championed the Non-Aligned Movement. These developments led to increasing friction with the West and closer relations both with China and the USSR.
India–Vietnam relations, also knows as Indian-Vietnamese relations, are the bilateral relations of India and Vietnam.
India and Indonesia established diplomatic relations in 1951. Both countries are neighbours, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Indonesia along the Andaman Sea.
Hungary–Indonesia relations refer to bilateral relations between Hungary and Indonesia. The two countries established diplomatic relations in 1955. A Hungarian embassy was opened in Jakarta in 1957. In line to Hungarian "Eastern Opening" policy, and due to Indonesian political weight and market potentials, Hungary considered Indonesia as one of the most influential states in the ASEAN. While Indonesia sees Hungary as a potential market and a strategic entrance to penetrate the markets of Central Europe and Eastern Europe. Hungary has an embassy in Jakarta and honorary consuls in Bandung and Denpasar, while Indonesia has an embassy in Budapest.
Argentina and Indonesia established diplomatic relations in 1956. Since then, bilateral relations between both countries have become increasingly more strategic. According to Argentine Ambassador to Indonesian Javier A. Sanz de Urquiza, Indonesia has been a "true friend of Argentina" over the Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute. Argentina has an embassy in Jakarta, while Indonesia has an embassy in Buenos Aires. Both countries say they share the same values regarding the international order, and the same aspiration to defend the developing nations' interest in international forum. Both countries are members of Group of 77, the G-20 major economies, the G20 developing nations, and Forum of East Asia-Latin America Cooperation.
Denmark and Indonesia established diplomatic relations in 1974. Denmark has an embassy in Jakarta, and Indonesia has an embassy in Copenhagen. Bilateral relations are strong, as well as the humanitarian response to the December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, which claimed the lives of 45 Danes. In 2015, after focusing on China and South Korea, Denmark is gearing up to enhance its relations with Indonesia, hoping that it will help Denmark to build strong ties with the whole Southeast Asian region.
The Philippines–Vietnam relations refers to the bilateral relations of the Republic of the Philippines and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Since the end of the Cold War, relations between the two countries have warmed significantly. Vietnam is sometimes referred to as the only communist military ally of the Philippines. Both nations have cooperated in the fields of education, tourism, agriculture, aquaculture, trade, and defense. Additionally, both nations have similar positions on the South China Sea issue, with Vietnam backing the Philippine victory in the ICC against China, and the Philippines backing to a certain extent the claim of Vietnam in the Paracels. Both nations have overlapping claims in the Spratlys, but have never made military confrontations as both view each other as diplomatic allies and ASEAN brethren.
Indonesia and Myanmar established diplomatic relations in 1949. Indonesia has an embassy in Yangon, while Myanmar has an embassy in Jakarta.
Indonesia and South Korea established diplomatic relations in 1973. Both countries share a common vision, values and the will to contribute to the international community as middle powers. Both countries are members of G-20 and APEC. South Korea has an embassy in Jakarta and Indonesia has an embassy in Seoul. According to a 2014 BBC World Service Poll, 48% of Indonesians view South Korea's influence positively, with 27% expressing a negative view. The Chinese Indonesian merchant Chen Yanxiang visited Korea between the 1390s and the 1410s, the first major contact between the two nations.
Indonesia–North Korea relations refers to bilateral relations between Indonesia and North Korea. The two countries established diplomatic relations in 1961. Indonesia is one of the very few countries that still tries to maintain cordial relations with North Korea, despite the widespread international sanctions and resulting isolation imposed on North Korea, compounded with the negative reputation of its human rights, nuclear weapons and ballistic missile programs and Indonesia's publicly more robust engagement and partnership with South Korea.
Indonesia and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1953. Both nations view their counterpart as strategic partners in each other's regions; Indonesia in Southeast Asia and Mexico in Latin America. Both nations are mutual members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Forum of East Asia-Latin America Cooperation, Group of 15, G-20 major economies, MIKTA, United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.
Austria and Indonesia established diplomatic relations on 20 November 1954. Austria recognizes Indonesia as a stable and reliable partner, and both countries enjoy excellent relations. The two nations have agreed to expand relations in business, trade and investment, tourism, culture, environment and green technology. Austria has an embassy in Jakarta and honorary consulates in Yogyakarta, Bandung and Surabaya, while Indonesia has an embassy in Vienna that is also accredited to Slovenia.
Indonesia and Sweden established diplomatic relations in 1952. In recent years both nations demonstrate growing keenness to improve bilateral relations, as each head of government exchanged visits. Indonesia has an embassy in Stockholm that also accredited to Latvia, while Sweden has an embassy in Jakarta that also accredited to East Timor.
Indonesia and Poland established diplomatic relations in 1955. Indonesia has an embassy in Warsaw, while Poland has an embassy in Jakarta. Other than similar red-and-white flags, Indonesia and Poland share a similar course of history through enduring revolutions, wars for independence and maintaining national unity. Both nations have agreed to expand bilateral relations in trade, culture and education sectors, through programs such as staging art exhibitions to proposing student exchange programs and provide scholarships.
Germany and Indonesia established diplomatic relations in 1952. However, relations between the people of Germany and Indonesia has stretched back to 19th-century when a large number of German nationals migrated to Dutch East Indies.
Jordan and Indonesia established diplomatic relations in 1950. Both are Muslim majority countries who, despite the challenges, wish to promote and projects the Islamic values of tolerance, justice and equality. Both nations often share similar stances upon issues in the Middle East, such as the Syrian Civil War and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Economy and trade relations are also particularly important, currently Indonesia is Jordan's largest trade partner in ASEAN. Jordan has an embassy in Jakarta, while Indonesia has an embassy in Amman that is also accredited to Palestine. Both countries are members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Non-Aligned Movement.
Ecuador–Indonesia relations refer to bilateral relations between Ecuador and Indonesia. Relations were established on April 29, 1980; however, it was not until November 2004 that Ecuador established its embassy in Jakarta, and reciprocating 6 years later on November 11, 2010, that Indonesia finally opened its embassy in Quito. Both countries are the members of Forum of East Asia-Latin America Cooperation and Non-Aligned Movement.
Indonesia and Mongolia established diplomatic relations in 1956. Currently, Indonesian embassy in Beijing is accredited to Mongolia. Mongolia had an embassy in Jakarta which closed in 2018, however the country has planned to reopen the embassy. Currently, Mongolian embassy in Bangkok is accredited to Indonesia.
