Full list of languages in Indonesia by total number of speakers, from Ethnologue 2015. [1]
No | Languages | ISO 639 | EGIDS | Population | Regions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Indonesian | ind | 1 | 198,000,000 | Widespread. |
2 | Javanese | jav | 4 | 68,200,000 | Banten, Central Java, and East Java provinces; Special Region of Yogyakarta; Sumatra island: Lampung province; resettlements in Kalimantan, Maluku, Papua, and Sulawesi. |
3 | Sunda | sun | 5 | 32,400,000 | Banten and West Java provinces: western third of Java; Central Java province: Cilacap regency. |
4 | Madura | mad | 5 | 7,790,000 | East Java province: Java island coast south and west of Surabaja city, Bawean, Kangean, and Sapudi islands; South Kalimantan province: Java Sea area. |
5 | Betawi | bew | 6b | 5,000,000 | Banten province: Tangerang recency and city; dominant in Jakarta Special Capital Region; West Java province: Bekasi, Bogar, and Karawang regencies, also Bekasi and Depok cities. |
6 | Malay | zlm | 6a | 4,910,000 | Aceh, Bangka Belitung Islands, Central Kalimantan, Jambi, North Sumatra, Riau, Riau Islands, South Kalimantan, West Kalimantan, and West Sumatra; widespread in central and north Sumatra, areas of Kalimantan, and island provinces between. |
7 | Minangkabau | min | 5 | 4,880,000 | Aceh province: Aceh Singkil regency, Pulau Banyak and Singkil districts; Simeulue regency, Sinabang; South Aceh regency; Southwest Aceh regency; West Aceh regency, Meureubo district (Aneuk Jamèe dialect); Bengkulu province: west coast Mukomuko area; South Sumatra province; West Sumatra province. Sumatra island, Indian Ocean coast, Padang is central area. |
8 | Bugis | bug | 3 | 4,370,000 | Central Sulawesi province: Donggola, Oti, and Toaya, west; 3 Tolo bay enclaves east; South Sulawesi province: widespread in peninsular interior (except south and east of Makassar city) east to Bone bay; Southeast Sulawesi province: Kasiputih area, 3 interior enclaves near Sulawesi Tenggara, Lake Towuti, Bone bay east coast; West Sulawesi province: More, Pasangkayu on Mandar bay; possibly in Kalimantan, Maluku, Papua, and Sumatra provinces. |
9 | Banjar | bjn | 3 | 3,650,000 | Central Kalimantan province: Palangkaraya, Pangkalanbun, and Sampit; East Kalimantan province: Kutai, Pasir, and Pulau Laut coastal regions, north toward Samarinda city and Mahakan delta; South Kalimantan province: Banjarmasin area; West Kalimantan province: some in coastal Matua; Kalimantan south and southeastern coasts, Java Sea and Makassar Strait. |
10 | Malay, Manado | xmm | 3 | 3,320,000 | Gorontalo and North Sulawesi provinces. |
11 | Bali | ban | 5 | 3,300,000 | Bali province: widespread; West Nusa Tenggara province: Kota Mataram and Lombok Barat regency; west central Lombok island. |
12 | Musi | mui | 3 | 3,105,000 | South Sumatera province: widespread in northern 2 thirds of province from Musi river upstream to Bukit Barisan mountains, downstream to coastal swamplands; Lampung province: northeast; border areas in Jambi and Bengkulu provinces. |
13 | Aceh | ace | 6b | 2,840,000 | Aceh province: Aceh Barat, Aceh Barat Daya, Aceh Besar, Aceh Jaya, Aceh Selatan, Aceh Singkil, Aceh Tamiang, Aceh Timur, Aceh Utara, Bireuen, Kota Langsa, Kota Lhokseumawe, Nagan Raya, Pidie, and Pidie Jaya regencies, on Weh and neighboring islands; North Sumatra province: Tapanuli Tengah regency, south coast enclave. |
14 | Makasar | mak | 6b | 2,110,000 | South Sulawesi province: Bantaeng, Gowa, Jeneponto, Maros, Pangkajene Dan Kepulauan, and Takalar regencies; southwest peninsula. |
15 | Sasak | sas | 5 | 2,100,000 | West Nusa Tenggara province: Lombok island. |
16 | Indonesian, Makassar | mfp | 3 | 1,880,950 | South Sulawesi province: Makassar port area. |
17 | Batak Toba | bbc | 6b | 1,610,000 | North Sumatera province: Asahan, Humbang Hasundutan, Labuhan Batu Utara, Samosir, Simalungan, south Tapanuli Tengah, Tapanuli Utara, and Toba Samosir regencies; Samosir island; east, south, and west of Lake Toba. |
18 | Malay, Ambonese | abs | 3 | 1,600,000 | Maluku province: Kepulauan Aru regency, Aru island group, Wamar island; Seram Bagian Barat regency, Ambon city, Kamarian to Seriholu on Hoamoa peninsula; Maluku Tengah regency, Nusa Laut island, upper Elpaputih bay east to Sepa; Ceram sea coast from Karlutu east to Sawai. |
19 | Malay, Central | pse | 6a | 1,590,000 | Bengkulu province: central Bukit Barisan highlands west to Indian Ocean along Bengkulu coast; Lampung province; South Sumatra province: Lematang and Ogan river valleys. |
20 | Malay, Papuan | pmy | 3 | 1,100,000 | Widespread in coastal areas of the Papuan provinces. |
21 | Malay, Jambi | jax | 6a | 1,000,000 | Bengkulu province: small area south of Lake Dipatipan; Jambi province: widespread; Riau province: Indragiri Hulu and Indragiri Hilir regencies; South Sumatra province: northern border area; all on southeast West Sumatra province: Pessisir Selantan regency border enclave. |
22 | Malay, North Moluccan | max | 3 | 1,000,000 | North Maluku province: Halmahera Selatan regency, Damar, northwest Jaronga, and south Halmahera islands. |
23 | Manggarai | mqy | 6a | 900,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Flores island, western third. |
24 | Ngaju | nij | 3 | 890,000 | Central Kalimantan province: Gunung Mas, Kapuas, Katingan, Kota Palangkaraya, Kotawaringin Timur, and Pulang Pisau regencies; headwaters of Kahayan, Kapuas, Katingan, and Mentaya rivers. |
25 | Nias | nia | 5 | 867,000 | North Sumatera province: Batu, Nias and Mursala islands. Alasa, Sirombu and Mandrehe (Northwest dialect); Gomo, and south in Teluk Dalam and Batu islands (Central dialect). |
26 | Lampung Api | ljp | 6a | 827,000 | Bengkulu province: Kaur regency; Lampung province: Lampung Barat and Tanggamus regencies in Semangko bay area; Way Kanan, north Lampung, and Pringsewu regencies on Lampung bay east coast; also Sebuku, Sebesi, Tabuan, and Legundi islands; South Sumatra province: Ogan Komering Ulu, Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan, and Ogan Komering Ulu Timur regencies, near Kanan river headwaters. |
27 | Indonesian Sign Language | inl | 6a | 810,000 | Scattered: Java and Bali, especially Jakarta. |
28 | Chinese, Min Nan | nan | 8a | 766,000 | Bali, Java, Kalimantan, and Sumatra provinces: scattered. |
29 | Uab Meto | aoz | 5 | 700,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: most of west Timor island. |
30 | Batak Mandailing | btm | 6b | 691,000 | North Sumatera province: south interior from Padang Sidempuan into Riau and West Sumatra provinces. |
31 | Chinese, Hakka | hak | 8a | 640,000 | Aceh, Bangka Belitung Islands, Banten, Central Java, East Java, West Java, South Kalimantan: Banjarmasin city; West Kalimantan: Singkawang city; Lampung, Maluku (Ambon island), Papua (Jayapura city), Riau Islands (Batam island), North Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, North Sumatra, South Sumatra; Yogyakarta province. |
32 | Toraja-Sa’dan | sda | 5 | 588,000 | South Sulawesi province: Luwu and Tana Toraja regencies; West Sulawesi province: Mamasa regency; possibly Makassar city, west coast. |
33 | Batak Angkola | akb | 6b | 535,000 | North Sumatera province: Labuhan Batu, Labuhan Batu Selatan, Padang Lawas, Padang Lawas Utara, Tapanuli Selatan, Tapanuli Tengah, and Tapanuli Utara regencies; inland from Sibolga city area south, east to Binanga, northeast toward the Strait of Malacca. |
34 | Malayic Dayak | xdy | 6a | 520,000 | Widely dispersed; Central Kalimantan province: Katingan, Kotawaringgin Barat, Koti Timur, Lamandau, and Sukamara regencies; West Kalimantan province: small area near Sintang, area near Putussibau, and Sandai area, all along Kapuas river; Ketapang city northeast towards Kotabaru. Sandai, Muarakayang, Pembuanghulu, Sukamara, and Sukaraja town areas (Kayung and Delang dialects); Sintang to Putus Sibau town areas (Semitau, Suhaid, and Mentebah-Suruk dialects); Singakawang, Bengkayang, Darit, and Sungairaya town areas (Banana’ and Tapitn dialects); Muarakayang, Pembuanghulu, Sandai, Sukamara, and Sukaraja town areas (Kayung and Delang dialects). |
35 | Gorontalo | gor | 6b | 505,000 | Gorontalo province: widespread along both coasts; North Sulawesi province: Bolaang Mongondow Utara regency, northeast of Gorontalo city. |
36 | Bima | bhp | 6a | 500,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Komodo island area; West Nusa Tenggara province: Sumbawa island, east of the isthmus, Banta and Sangeang islands. |
37 | Mandar | mdr | 3 | 499,000 | South Sulawesi province: Pangkajene Islands regency, Pabbring islands near Makassar city, other areas; West Sulawesi province: Majene, Mamuju, and Polewali Mandar regencies, Cape Mandar and Majene city, and 3 coastal enclaves north; coastal area between Parangkayu and Simajo towns. |
38 | Batak Karo | btx | 6b | 491,000 | Aceh province: Aceh Tenggara regency, at the border; North Sumatra province: Dairi, Deli Serdang, Karo, and Langkat regencies; Tapanuli Tengah regency, south small border area. |
39 | Komering | kge | 6a | 470,000 | South Sumatera province: Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan, Ogan Komering Ulu Timur, Ogan Komering Ulu, and Ogan Komering Ilir regencies; along Komering river from Ranaumeer to near Palembang city. |
40 | Chinese, Mandarin | cmn | 6b | 466,000 | Scattered. |
41 | Tetun | tet | 5 | 400,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: central Timor island. |
42 | Malay, Kupang | mkn | 3 | 350,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Kupang regency, Kupang city and Semau island; all on west Timor island. |
43 | Rejang | rej | 6a | 350,000 | Bengkulu province: Arga Makmur, Curup, Kapahiang, and Muara Aman town areas in southwest highlands; South Sumatra province: Musi Rawas Ulu, west. |
44 | Bangka | mfb | 6a | 340,000 | Bangka Belitung Islands province: widespread, Bangka island. |
45 | Kendayan | knx | 3 | 321,000 | West Kalimantan province: Bengkayang, Kota Singkawang, Kuba Raya, Landak, Sambas, and Sanggau regencies; northwest Kalimantan island, South China sea coast, and Madi and Papan jungle area. |
46 | Osing | osi | 6a | 300,000 | East Java province: Banyuwangi regency area on far east Java island facing Bali strait. |
47 | Sumbawa | smw | 6a | 300,000 | West Nusa Tenggara province: Sumbawa and Moyo islands. |
48 | Arabic, Levantine | apc | Unestablished | 283,000 | |
49 | Gayo | gay | 6b | 275,000 | Aceh province: Central Aceh, East Aceh, Gayo Lues, and Southeast Aceh regencies; Sumatra highland region near Mount Sembuang. |
50 | Tae’ | rob | 5 | 272,000 | South Sulawesi province: Luwu and North Luwu regencies; northwest coast; Bone bay; Bastem sub-district, Rongkong river valley. East Luwu regency, Nuha sub-district (Rongkong dialect). |
51 | Lamaholot | slp | 3 | 268,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Flores Timur regency; also Solor island; possibly north Pantar coast, northwest Alor, and surrounding islands. |
52 | Muna | mnb | 6b | 266,000 | Southeast Sulawesi province: Buton regency, Kendari city; Central Buton, Muna, West-Muna, and South Buton regencies. |
53 | Kerinci | kvr | 6b | 260,000 | Sumatra, Jambi province: Kerinci regency, Sungaipenuh area in western mountains; West Sumatra province: Solok Selatan regency. |
54 | Kambera | xbr | 5 | 240,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: east Sumba island. |
55 | Tolaki | lbw | 6b | 238,000 | Southeast Sulawesi province: Kolaka, North Kolaka, Konawe, North Konawe, and South Konawe regencies, Mekongga district; Point Kolono on southeast peninsula, northwest across plains to highlands; west coast, past Klaka town toward Bone bay narrows. |
56 | Bajau, Indonesian | bdl | 6b | 226,000 | Gorontalo province; North Maluku province: Bacan, Kayoa, Obi, and Sula islands; Central Sulawesi, North Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, and Southeast Sulawesi provinces. |
57 | Kaili, Ledo | lew | 3 | 215,000 | Central Sulawesi province: south Donggala, Morowali, south Parigi Moutong, Poso, Sigi, and Tojo Una-Una regencies, Kota Palu city; Una-Una island in Togian chain, coastal groups near Malai, Puna, and Tomori bay head. |
58 | Malay, Tenggarong Kutai | vkt | 6a | 210,000 | East Kalimantan province: Mahakam river basin east to Celebes Sea coast, north from Cape Pandan along coast south to Samarinda city area. |
59 | Chinese, Yue | yue | 8a | 182,000 | Jakarta Special Capital Region, Kalimantan, and North Sumatra: scattered. |
60 | Dani, Western | dnw | 6a | 180,000 | Papua province: Central highlands. |
61 | Lampung Nyo | abl | 6a | 180,000 | Lampung province: 3 enclaves east between Kanan and Seputih rivers. |
62 | Sika | ski | 6a | 175,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: east Flores island. |
63 | Batak Dairi | btd | 6b | 172,000 | Aceh province: Aceh Singkil regency; North Sumatra province: Dairi, Humbang Hasundutan, Pakpak Barat, Samosir, and Tapanuli Tengah regencies, Sidikalang town area south to coast. |
64 | Konjo, Coastal | kjc | 6b | 167,000 | South Sulawesi province: Bantaeng, Bulukumba, and Sinjai regencies; southeast peninsula on Salayer strait. |
65 | Batak Simalungun | bts | 5 | 151,000 | North Sumatera province: Deli Serdang, Kota Pematang Siantar, Serdang Bedagai, and Simalungun regencies. |
66 | Ma’anyan | mhy | 6b | 150,000 | Central Kalimantan province: Barito Selatan and Barito Timur regencies, Awang, Dusun Hilir, Dusun Selatan, Dusun Tengah, Dusun Utara, Gunung Bintang Awai, Karau Kuala, and Patangkep Tutui sub-districts, south Tamianglayang town area; South Kalimantan province: border area, and 2 areas near Damar and Tawahan. |
67 | Col | liw | 6a | 145,000 | Bengkulu and South Sumatra provinces: Lubuklinggau and Muaraklingi areas south, east, and north; small group east of Bengkulu city. |
68 | Tukang Besi South | bhq | 6a | 130,000 | South Sulawesi province: Selayar regency, Bonerate, Kalaotoa, Karompa, and Madu islands; Alor, Ambon, Buru, Maluku, Mongole, Seram, Sulawesi, and Taliabu islands; Southeast Sulawesi province: Tukang Besi archipelago, south islands, and northern Binongko and Tomea islands; Papua province: western areas. |
69 | Duri | mvp | 6b | 123,000 | South Sulawesi province: north Enrekang regency; Makassar city and other communities. |
70 | Tukang Besi North | khc | 6a | 120,000 | Southeast Sulawesi province: Ambon, Bacan, Buru, Kaledupa, Maluku, Mongole, Runduma, Seram, Sulabesi, Taliabu, and Wangiwangi islands; Baubau and Sumbawa cities. |
71 | Mongondow | mog | 6b | 117,000 | North Sulawesi province: Bolaang Mongondow, Bolaang Mongondow Selatan, and Bolaang Mongondow Timur regencies; north peninsula, Nanasi town west to Bijaj river; south side, southwest of Ratatotok almost to Kombot town. |
72 | Ende | end | 6a | 110,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: south central Flores island. |
73 | Hawu | hvn | 5 | 110,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Flores island, Ende area; Raijua and Sawu islands, 3 enclaves; Sumba island, Waingapu and Melolo areas; Timor island, Kupang city. |
74 | Kangean | kkv | 5 | 110,000 | East Java province: sea coast; Kangean islands. |
75 | Sangir | sxn | 5 | 110,000 | North Sulawesi province: Great Sangir island east peninsula. |
76 | Li’o | ljl | 6a | 105,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: east central Flores island. |
77 | Cia-Cia | cia | 6b | 104,000 | Southeast Sulawesi province: southeast tip, Flores sea; Buton island, inland between Sampolawa and Pasawajo towns; Batu Atas and Binongko islands. |
78 | Selayar | sly | 6a | 103,000 | South Sulawesi province: Selayar island. |
79 | Batak Alas-Kluet | btz | 6a | 101,000 | Aceh province: inland from Tapaktuan, and northwest towards Kutacane; into North Sumatra province. |
80 | Bakumpai | bkr | 3 | 100,000 | Central Kalimantan province: Barito Selatan, and Barito Utara, and Kapuas regencies, Kapuas and Barito rivers; possibly southernmost Murung Raya regency. |
81 | Ekari | ekg | 5 | 100,000 | Papua province: Deiya, Dogiyai, Intan Jaya, north Mimika, south Nabire, and Paniai regencies in west central highlands and Lake Paniai area; West Papua province: Kaimana regency south-southwest. |
82 | Lawangan | lbx | 6a | 100,000 | Central Kalimantan province: North, East, and South Barito regencies; East Kalimantan province: Karau river area; South Kalimantan province: Balangan, Kotabaru, and Tabalong regencies. |
83 | Semandang | sdq | 5 | 100,000 | West Kalimantan province: Ketapang regency in Kualan and Semandang river areas. |
84 | Adonara | adr | 6a | 98,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Adonara and east Solor islands. |
85 | Enrekang | ptt | 6b | 94,500 | South Sulawesi province: Enrekang and Pinrang regencies, Enrekang town area, west toward Mandar bay head; West Sulawesi province: Polewali Mandar regency coastal area. |
86 | Hindi | hin | Unestablished | 94,000 | |
87 | Buol | blf | 6a | 90,200 | Central Sulawesi province: Baolan, Biau, Bokat, Bunobogu, Momunu, and Paleleh sub-districts, 68 villages on north coast, near Gorontalo province border. |
88 | Mamasa | mqj | 6a | 89,100 | South Sulawesi province: north Pare-Pare area; West Sulawesi province: Mamasa regency, along Mamasa river. |
89 | Banggai | bgz | 7 | 88,300 | Central Sulawesi province: Banggai Kepulauan regency, at least 157 villages; Banggai and Bowokan islands. |
90 | Tagalog | tgl | Unestablished | 86,000 | |
91 | Kei | kei | 6a | 85,000 | Maluku province: about 207 villages on 10 islands southeast; Besar, Kecil, and surrounding islands, Kei island group, and Kur islands northwest of Kei group. |
92 | Malay, Kota Bangun Kutai | mqg | 6a | 80,000 | East Kalimantan province: Lakes Semajang and Melintang areas, north along Belayen river and central Mahakam river basin. |
93 | Tengger | tes | 6a | 80,000 | East Java province: south of Pasuran regency, near Mount Bromo. |
94 | Galela | gbi | 5 | 79,000 | North Maluku province: Halmahera Selatan regency, Bisa island, Koto Wonto area; Obi island: Laiwai and Sesepe area, and Woi Lower and Wui islands on south coast; Kasiratua, Mandioli, and Obit islands in Bacan islands group; Halmahera Utara regency, Galela bay, east of Galela town; Pulau Morotai regency, Rau and Morotai islands. |
95 | Ot Danum | otd | 6a | 78,800 | Central Kalimantan province: upper south Kapuas river, 7 villages; East Kalimantan province: Kutai Barat regency; West Kalimantan province: Melawi river watershed. |
96 | Pamona | pmf | 6b | 77,900 | Central Sulawesi province: Poso regency, Ampana Kota, Ampanatete, Bungku Tengah, Bungku Utara, Lage, Mori Atas, Pamona Selatan, Pamona Utara, Parigi, Petasia, Poso Kota, Poso Pesisir, Tojo, Ulubongko, and Una-Una sub-districts; South Sulawesi province: Luwu Utara district, Bone-Bone, Mangkutana, and north Wotu sub-districts. 193 villages. |
97 | Amarasi | aaz | 5 | 70,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Kupang regency, Timor island southwest tip; Timur sea near Benini point east to Ela point, interior as far north as Oesa town; 80 villages. Dialects: central and east (Kotos dialect), west (Ro’is dialect), south (Ro’is Tais Nonof dialect), Kota Kupang area (Ro’is Hero dialect). |
98 | Biak | bhw | 6b | 70,000 | Papua province: Biak Numfor regency, Biak and Numfor islands; Yapen Island regency, north coast area; West Papua province: Mapia islands; Raja Ampat regency, Bantanta and south Waigeo islands; numerous island communities, east, north, and west of Bird's Head. |
99 | Konjo, Highland | kjk | 6b | 68,500 | South Sulawesi province: Bone, Bulukumba, Gowa, and Sinjai regencies, south peninsula interior; Mount Lompobatang area northwest, past Makassar city. |
100 | Wolio | wlo | 6b | 65,000 | Southeast Sulawesi province: Buton regency, Bau-Bau city on Buton island southwest coast. |
101 | Mamuju | mqx | 6b | 62,900 | West Sulawesi province: Mamuju regency, Budong-Budong, Kalukku, and Mamuju sub-districts; Point Rangas north along Makassar strait coast to Limba town area. |
102 | Kaili, Da’a | kzf | 5 | 62,600 | Central Sulawesi and West Sulawesi provinces: Banawa, Dolo, Marawola, Palolo, and Sigi-Biromaru sub-districts. |
103 | Mentawai | mwv | 5 | 62,300 | West Sumatera province: Sumatra island; Mentawai islands, across from Padang city. |
104 | Ternate | tft | 6b | 62,000 | North Maluku province: Kota Ternate regency, Hiri and Ternate islands; Halmahera Selatan regency, islands between Bacan and Kasiruta islands; Halmahera island southeast of Gane bay; Damar and Yoronga islands. |
105 | Ngad’a | nxg | 6a | 60,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: south central Flores island. |
106 | Siang | sya | 6a | 60,000 | Central Kalimantan province: Murung Raya regency, Barito river north along tributary. |
107 | Malay, Bukit | bvu | 6a | 59,000 | South Kalimantan province: Sampanahan river area northwest of Limbungan town. |
108 | Wejewa | wew | 6a | 55,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: west Sumba island interior. |
109 | Benyadu’ | byd | 6a | 54,000 | West Kalimantan province: Bengkayang and Landak regencies; near Sarawak border. |
110 | Talaud | tld | 6a | 53,100 | North Sulawesi province: Talaud islands. |
111 | Saluan | loe | 6b | 51,900 | Central Sulawesi province: Banggai regency, Balingara town east to Mount Balantak area; Lamala bay southwest along Peleng strait to Mantawa town, inland to central highlands; Tojo Una-Una regency, Togian islands, Walbabhi island: Batui, Boalemo, Bunta, Kintom, Luwuk, East Luwuk, Nuhon, and Pagimana sub-districts, 136 villages. |
112 | Dani, Mid Grand Valley | dnt | 5 | 50,000 | Papua province: Lanny Jaya and Ndugu regencies, Baliem Grand Valley central highlands. |
113 | Fordata | frd | 6b | 50,000 | Maluku province: southeast, 30 villages; north archipelago on Fordata, Larat, and Molu-Maru islands; northwest, Yamdena island west coast, Seira island; also Jakarta, other cities. |
114 | Nage | nxe | 5 | 50,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: central Flores island, west slopes of Ebu Lobo volcano. |
115 | Tunjung | tjg | 6b | 50,000 | Central Kalimantan province: North Barito regency border area; East Kalimantan province: Kutai Barat and Kutai Kartanegara regencies between Adas, Dempar, and Melak towns, then down Mahakam river, east around Djempang lake. |
116 | Lauje | law | 6b | 49,800 | Central Sulawesi province: Donggala and Parigi Moutong regencies, Ampibabo, Dampelas Sojol, Dondo, Tinombo, and Tomini sub-districts in Sidoan river area. |
117 | Tidore | tvo | 6a | 46,000 | North Maluku province: Tidore, Mare, and Moti islands; Halmahera island west coast areas. |
118 | Buru | mhs | 6b | 45,000 | Maluku province: Buru island except northeast corner, 70 villages; some on Ambon island in Jakarta. |
119 | Ribun | rir | 6a | 45,000 | West Kalimantan province: Kapuas Hulu regency, Tayan Hulu sub-district, Landak river area. |
120 | Sanggau | scg | 6a | 45,000 | West Kalimantan province: Sanggau regency along Kapuas river. |
121 | Bambam | ptu | 5 | 42,100 | West Sulawesi province: Mamasa regency, Mambi sub-district, Maloso and Mapilli rivers watershed; into Majene and Mamuju regencies. |
122 | Simeulue | smr | 6a | 40,300 | Aceh province: east and west Simeulue island; Babi and Banyak islands. |
123 | Kaur | vkk | 6a | 40,000 | Bengkulu province: south; South Sumatra province: northwest from Danay Panay; all on Sumatra island. |
124 | Ke’o | xxk | 6a | 40,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: 4 villages on south central Flores island. |
125 | Mualang | mtd | 5 | 40,000 | West Kalimantan province: Belitang, Belitang Hilir, and Belitang Hulu Sekadau sub-districts along Ayak and Belitang rivers. |
126 | Jangkang | djo | 6a | 37,000 | West Kalimantan province: central Sanggau regency, between Sanggau and Balai Sebut towns on Kapuas river tributary. |
127 | Seberuang | sbx | 6a | 37,000 | West Kalimantan province: Kapuas river area from Nanga Silat town to Selimbau town, on Belimbing, Lebang, Belitang, Seauk, Tempunak, Selimbau, and Silat rivers. |
128 | Geser-Gorom | ges | 6a | 36,500 | Maluku province: Seram island southeast. |
129 | Kaili, Unde | unz | 6a | 35,700 | Central Sulawesi province: Banawa, Palu, and Tawaeli sub-districts; Palu bay west to Makassar strait; West Sulawesi province: Pasangkayu sub-district. |
130 | English | eng | Unestablished | 34,000 | Large cities in Java; other industrial areas. |
131 | Kulisusu | vkl | 6a | 32,100 | Southeast Sulawesi province: North Buton regency, Bonegunu, Kulisusu Barat, Kulisusu Induk, and Kulisusu Utara sub-districts on north Buton island. |
132 | Keninjal | knl | 6a | 32,000 | Central Kalimantan province; West Kalimantan province: Gelalak, Nangaella, Nangapinoh, and Nangasayan town areas, and along Melawi and Sayan rivers. |
133 | Ulumanda’ | ulm | 6b | 31,600 | West Sulawesi province: Majene, Mamuju, and Polewali-Mandar regencies, mostly interior. |
134 | Maiwa | wmm | 6b | 31,500 | South Sulawesi province: Enrekang, Polewali Mandar and Sidenrang-Rappang regencies; Boya river area. |
135 | Ampanang | apg | 6a | 30,000 | East Kalimantan province: east of Jambu and Lamper towns west of Mahakam river delta. |
136 | Bulungan | blj | 6a | 30,000 | East Kalimantan province: Tanjungselor town area, lower Kayan river. |
137 | Kedang | ksx | 6a | 30,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: northeast Lembata island. |
138 | Pekal | pel | 6a | 30,000 | South Sumatera and Bengkulu provinces: northeast of Ipuh town to Tembesi river, to Argamakmur area south. |
139 | Sentani | set | 5 | 30,000 | Papua province: Lake Sentani area, about 30 scattered villages; scattered in other parts of Indonesia. |
140 | Taman | tmn | 6a | 30,000 | West Kalimantan province: Kapuas Hulu regency; upper Kapuas river. |
141 | Termanu | twu | 6a | 30,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Bokai, Keka, Korbafo, Talae, and Termanu areas on central Rote island. |
142 | Aralle-Tabulahan | atq | 5 | 29,300 | West Sulawesi province: Mamasa regency, Mambi sub-district, Aralle and Tabulalang towns, 2 separate areas. |
143 | Tobelo | tlb | 5 | 27,700 | North Maluku province: Kao, Jailolo, and Tubelo districts on north Halmahera island; Maba and Wasile districts on central Halmahera; Morotai island central east coast; Ambon, Bacan, Gane, Obi, Patani, Raja Ampat, and Weda islands; Papua province: Sorong area. |
144 | Wawonii | wow | 6b | 27,600 | Southeast Sulawesi province: Wawonii and Menui islands near Kendari port. |
145 | Tidung, Southern | itd | 6a | 27,000 | North Kalimantan province: Atap, Malinau, Mensalong, Nunukan, Pembeliangan, Tarakan, and Tideng Pale towns. |
146 | Moronene | mqn | 6b | 26,300 | Southeast Sulawesi province: Bombana regency, Bombana district, Wita Ea village; Rumbia mountains on southeast mainland; Kabaena island, Tokotu’a village; mainland opposite Kabaena. Rumbia, Poleang, and Poleang Timur sub-districts (Wita Ea dialect). |
147 | Alor | aol | 6a | 25,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: coastal Bird's Head of Alor, north Pantar and adjacent islands. |
148 | Lamboya | lmy | 6a | 25,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Sumba island southwest coast. |
149 | Malay, Balinese | mhp | 6b | 25,000 | Bali province: widespread on Bali and Nusa islands. |
150 | Yamdena | jmd | 5 | 25,000 | Maluku province: Tannembar islands, east coast Yamdena island, south to north tip of Selaru island, 35 villages; southwest Yamdena island, Latdalam village. |
151 | Pannei | pnc | 6b | 24,400 | West Sulawesi province: Polewali Mandar regency, Wonomulyo sub-district. |
152 | Lundayeh | lnd | 5 | 23,000 | North Kalimantan province: mountainous Sesayap river area. |
153 | Korean | kor | Unestablished | 22,800 | |
154 | Bungku | bkz | 6b | 22,000 | Central Sulawesi province: Bungku Selatan, Bungku Tengah, and Bungku Utara sub-districts, about 45 coastal villages from Mondeodo south to Kendari area; Southeast Sulawesi province: Konawe regency, Asera, Soropia, and Lasolo sub-districts, Tulambatu and Kenduri areas inland, interior enclave southeast of Lake Poso. |
155 | Bunak | bfn | 6a | 21,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Belu regency, central interior, near East Timor border, on Timor island. |
156 | Tonsawang | tnw | 7 | 21,000 | North Sulawesi province: Minahasa Tenggara regency; north area near Ronoketang town. |
157 | Balantak | blz | 5 | 20,500 | Central Sulawesi province: Banggai regency, Balantak, Lamala, Luwuk, and Tinangkung Lamala sub-districts, at least 49 villages; Cape Talabu. |
158 | Badui | bac | 6a | 20,000 | Banten province: Rangkasbitung regency, Pandeglang town, on Ujung river; West Java province: Sukabumi city area, 1 village, and Cikajang city area. |
159 | Dani, Lower Grand Valley | dni | 5 | 20,000 | Papua province: Ndugu regency, Baliem Grand Valley central highlands; lower gorge. |
160 | Dani, Upper Grand Valley | dna | 5 | 20,000 | Papua province: Lanny Jaya regency, Baliem Grand Valley central highlands; upper gorge. |
161 | Dengka | dnk | 6a | 20,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Rote island northwest coast, Ba’a town west to Tasilo bay. |
162 | Dusun Deyah | dun | 6a | 20,000 | South Kalimantan province: Tabalong river northeast of Bongkang town; into Central Kalimantan province. |
163 | Indonesian, Peranakan | pea | 7 | 20,000 | Central Java, East Java, West Java, and Yogyakarta provinces scattered on north coast. |
164 | Kisar | kje | 5 | 20,000 | Maluku province: south, over 20 villages; Kisar island, northeast of Timor island, 19 villages; Roma and Wetar islands, Amau, Hila, Hi’ai, Likagraha, and Naumatan villages; some in Ambon, Dili, and Kupang cities. |
165 | Kodi | kod | 5 | 20,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: west Sumba. |
166 | Lole | llg | 6a | 20,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: west central Rote island, Ba’a town and north to south coast; north and central region (North Lole dialect). |
167 | Mai Brat | ayz | 5 | 20,000 | West Papua province: about 40 villages in central Bird's Head, Ayamaru lakes area. |
168 | Makian, East | mky | 6b | 20,000 | North Maluku province: Kota Tidore Kepaluan regency; Bacan, Halmahera west coast, Kayoa, south Mori, and Obi islands. |
169 | Malay, Larantuka | lrt | 6b | 20,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Flores Timur regency, Larantuka city area, and southwest Flores Strait towards Lewotobi town. |
170 | Mandobo Bawah | bwp | 6b | 20,000 | Papua province: Boven Digul regency, Aiwat, Anggai, Butiptiri, Getentiri, Kaisah, and Subur villages; south of Tanahmerah and Mindiptanah towns, to Fly river on Papua New Guinea border. |
171 | Moni | mnz | 5 | 20,000 | Papua province: central highlands, northeast Lake Paniai area. |
172 | Sula | szn | 6a | 20,000 | North Maluku province: Sula islands; Sula Besi (Sanana) island, widespread; Mangole island scattered on east, west and north coasts; Buru island northeast coast. |
173 | Tawoyan | twy | 5 | 20,000 | Central Kalimantan province: Palori town area; East Kalimantan province: southeast border area. |
174 | Tii | txq | 6a | 20,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: southwest Rote island. |
175 | Walak | wlw | 6a | 20,000 | Papua province: Jayawijaya regency, Asologoima, Biri, Bolakme, Bugi, Koragi, Ngguma (Tagima), Pyramid, Silo Karno, Wolo, and Yalengga districts; Mamberamo Tengah Regency, Eragiam, Ilugwa, Mogonik, Winam, and Wurigelebur districts. |
176 | Sikule | skh | 6b | 19,800 | Aceh province: central Simeulue island. |
177 | Tomini | txm | 6b | 19,700 | Central Sulawesi province: Parigi Moutong and Toli-Toli regencies; Gorontalo province: Pohuwato regency, east to Mautang area. 42 villages. |
178 | Bahau | bhv | 6a | 19,000 | East Kalimantan province: Kutai Barat regency, Long Apari, Long Bagun, and Long Hubung, and Long Pahangai sub-districts; Ratah and Mahakam rivers’ confluence area. |
179 | Tombulu | tom | 7 | 19,000 | North Sulawesi province: Minahasa regency, Kota Tomohon city. |
180 | Uma | ppk | 5 | 18,800 | Central Sulawesi province: Sigi regency, South Kulawi and Pipikoro sub-districts, 32 villages on Lariang river and tributaries; South Sulawesi province: north Luwu regency, enclave within Seko Padang [skx] language area; south Pasangkayu regency, Mamuju sub-district; West Sulawesi province: Lariang river west bank area. |
181 | Haruku | hrk | 8a | 18,200 | Maluku province: Haruku island, Lease islands. |
182 | Kalumpang | kli | 6a | 18,000 | South Sulawesi province; West Sulawesi province: southeast Mamuju regency, Kalumpang sub-district, Karama river headwaters. |
183 | Luang | lex | 5 | 18,000 | Maluku province: Wetan island, and across Wetan strait to northwest Babar island. |
184 | Haji | hji | 6a | 17,500 | South Sumatera province: Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan regency, 2 areas on Sumatra. |
185 | Alune | alp | 6b | 17,200 | Maluku province: Seram Bagian Barat regency, Kairatu and Taniwel districts, 27 villages in Latuhelu area and Piru bay. |
186 | Dutch | nld | Unestablished | 17,000 | |
187 | Sou Nama | tlt | 6a | 17,000 | Maluku province: south Seram island, Teluti bay area. |
188 | Abui | abz | 6a | 16,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: west Alor island. |
189 | Anakalangu | akg | 6a | 16,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Sumba island, southwest coast. |
190 | Hatam | had | 5 | 16,000 | West Papua province: Manokwari regency. |
191 | Hitu | htu | 6b | 16,000 | Maluku province: Maluku Tengah regency, Hila, Hitu, Mamala, Morela, and Wakal villages on Ambon island, Piru Sea coast, Hitu peninsula. |
192 | Nalca | nlc | 5 | 16,000 | Papua province: east highlands north slopes. |
193 | Modang | mxd | 6a | 15,300 | East Kalimantan province: 5 enclaves on upper reaches of Belayan, Kelinjau, Mahakam, and Segah rivers. |
194 | Basap | bdb | 6b | 15,000 | East Kalimantan and North Kalimantan provinces: Berau, Bulungan, Kutai Kartanegara, Penajam Paser Utara, and Kutai Timur regencies, scattered. |
195 | Duano | dup | 6a | 15,000 | Sumatra, Riau province: west archipelago and Daratan east coast; into Jambi province: northeast coast; Riau Province, Bengkalis, Kepulauan Meranti, and Pelawan regencies, offshore islands Rangsang, Mendol, and Bengkalis, 4 areas. |
196 | Iban | iba | 5 | 15,000 | West Kalimantan province: Kapuas Hulu regency, Nanga Katungau north to Sarawak border on middle Kapuas river, east of Mount Betung to Udjungumbut, west to Sebangkung town; Sintang regency, lower Kapuas south bank. |
197 | Ile Ape | ila | 6b | 15,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Lembata regency, north Lomblem island, Ile Ape peninsula and inland. |
198 | Loloda | loa | 5 | 15,000 | North Maluku province: North Halmahera regency on northwest coast, nearby islands. |
199 | Tabaru | tby | 5 | 15,000 | North Maluku province: West Halmahera regency, Ibu, Jailolo, and Oba sub-districts. |
200 | Yali, Angguruk | yli | 5 | 15,000 | Papua province: central highlands area. |
201 | Tontemboan | tnt | 6b | 14,900 | North Sulawesi province: Minahasa Selatan regency on Amurang bay inland; Minahasa and Minahasa Tenggara regencies, Lake Tondano southeast strip to coast. |
202 | Meyah | mej | 5 | 14,800 | West Papua province: Bird's Head northeast coast. |
203 | Damal | uhn | 6b | 14,000 | Papua province: central highlands, Paniai regency, Beoga and Ilaga sub-districts; Asmat, Deiya, Mimika, and Puncak regencies, north and south Carstens mountains; possibly Lanny Jaya and Nduga regencies. |
204 | Helong | heg | 6b | 14,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Semau island; Timor island west tip, and Kupang city. |
205 | Japanese | jpn | Unestablished | 14,000 | |
206 | Mori Atas | mzq | 6b | 14,000 | Central Sulawesi province: Lembo, Mori Atas, and Petasia sub-districts, 25 villages on southeast peninsula neck; South Sulawesi province: Nuha sub-district. |
207 | Mori Bawah | xmz | 6b | 14,000 | Central Sulawesi province: Bungku Tengah, Lembo, and Petasia sub-districts, 24 villages; South Sulawesi province: Mahalone and Matano lakes. All locations are on southeast Sulawesi island peninsula, Lake Towuti area. |
208 | Riung | riu | 6a | 14,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: north central Flores island, Kabupaten Ngada and Kecamatan Riung. |
209 | Larike-Wakasihu | alo | 6b | 12,600 | Maluku province: Maluku Tengah regency, Allang, Lai, Larike, Tapi, and Wakasihu villages on southwest Ambon island coast, Hitu peninsula. |
210 | Bakati’, Rara | lra | 5 | 12,000 | West Kalimantan province: Bengkayang regency, Pejampi and 2 other villages; Sanggau regency border area; upper Lundu and Sambas rivers. |
211 | Kenyah, Mainstream | xkl | 6b | 12,000 | East Kalimantan and North Kalimantan provinces: Batu Kajang, Long Belua, Long Setulang, Long Uli, and Pimping villages; Djempang area enclave, Melintang, and Semajang; on Bahau, upper Balui, upper Baram, Belayan, Kayan, Kelai, Mahakam, Malinau, Segah, and Telen rivers. |
212 | Makian, West | mqs | 6a | 12,000 | North Maluku province: Halmahera southwest coast, Kayoa, west Makian islands. |
213 | Rikou | rgu | 6a | 12,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: East Rote island, Landu, Oe Pao, and Rikou areas. |
214 | Sawai | szw | 6b | 12,000 | North Maluku province: Halmahera Tengah and Halmahera Selatan regencies, Gane Timur and Weda districts;13 villages. Halmahera island, southeast peninsula, Weda bay, both coasts: 13 villages. |
215 | Sougb | mnx | 5 | 12,000 | West Papua province: about 50 villages in Bird's Head area, southeast from Anggi lakes to Momi town on northwest Cenderawasih bay. |
216 | Tausug | tsg | 5 | 12,000 | North Kalimantan province: scattered coastal settlements; immigrants from Sulu Archipelago in the Philippines. |
217 | Bonerate | bna | 6a | 11,900 | South Sulawesi province: Bonerate, Madu, Kalaotoa, Karompa, and Selayer islands. |
218 | Lisela | lcl | 7 | 11,900 | Maluku province: Buru island; Wae and Apo river valleys, and west on north Seram Sea coast; some in Ambon. |
219 | Malay, Berau | bve | 6a | 11,200 | East Kalimantan province: Cape Pandan, Tanjungreder, and Muaramalinau towns on lower Segah river; Celebes Sea coast and south past Sepinang town to Cape Batube area. |
220 | Mateq | xem | 6a | 11,000 | West Kalimantan province: Balaikarangan and Kembayan to Sarawak border area. |
221 | Pantar, Western | lev | 6a | 10,800 | East Nusa Tenggara province: west Pantar island. |
222 | Totoli | txe | 7 | 10,800 | Central Sulawesi province: Toli-Toli regency, Baolan, Dampal Selatan, Dampal Utara, Dondo, Galang, and Tolitoli Utara sub-districts, 29 villages; also Kabetan island. |
223 | Patani | ptn | 6a | 10,600 | North Maluku province: 9 villages on Halmahera island along the west coast. |
224 | Yali, Ninia | nlk | 5 | 10,500 | Papua province: central highlands, Holuwon, Lolat, and Ninia villages. |
225 | Saparua | spr | 8a | 10,200 | Maluku province: Hualoy, Iha, Kairatu, Kulur, Latu, Siri-Sori, Tomalehu villages; Saparua and Seram islands. |
226 | Seit-Kaitetu | hik | 6b | 10,200 | Maluku Province: Maluku Tengah regency, Piru bay, Ambon island, north coast: Seit and Kaitetu villages. |
227 | Ambai | amk | 6b | 10,100 | Papua province: Yapen Waropen regency, Yapen Selatan and Yapen Timur sub-districts, 10 villages on Ambai island, Cenderawasih bay, and Yapen island south coast. |
228 | Bentong | bnu | 6b | 10,100 | South Sulawesi province: Barru, Bone, Pangkep, and Maros regencies; highland areas northeast of Makassar city. |
229 | Blagar | beu | 6a | 10,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: east Pantar, north Pura, and south Ternate islands. |
230 | Dondo | dok | 6b | 10,000 | Central Sulawesi province: Buol and Tolitoli regencies, Baolan, Dampal Utara, Dondo, Galang, and Tolitoli Utara sub-districts; at least 25 villages; Gorontalo province: Pohuwato regency. |
231 | Embaloh | emb | 5 | 10,000 | West Kalimantan province: northeast Kapuas Hulu regency, upper Kapuas river, Embaloh, Kalis, Lauh, Leboyan, Nyabau, and Palin tributaries; small area south of the Kapuas, Mandai river, and Batutenobong. |
232 | Kayagar | kyt | 6b | 10,000 | Papua province: Asmat and Mappi regencies, southwest coast from Arafura sea inland. |
233 | Kemak | kem | 6a | 10,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Belu regency; north central Timor island, East Timor border area. |
234 | Kubu | kvb | 6b | 10,000 | Sumatra, Jambi province: Sarolangun and Batang Hari regencies, 2 enclaves, eastern swamp region; Riau province: Indrigiri Hulu regency, Batang Cenaku, Alim, Batu Papan, and Sungai Pampan; South Sumatra province: Musi Banyuasin regency. |
235 | Loura | lur | 6a | 10,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Mamboru town west to Cape Karosso on northwest Sumba island. |
236 | Mamboru | mvd | 6a | 10,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: northwest Sumba island, coastal Memboro town. |
237 | Mandobo Atas | aax | 6a | 10,000 | Papua province: between Tanahmerah and Mindiptanah towns, toward Fly river border in Papua New Guinea. |
238 | Nduga | ndx | 5 | 10,000 | Papua province: Jayawijaya regency, Tiom in central highlands, and scattered. |
239 | Ngalum | szb | 6a | 10,000 | Papua province: Ok Bon, Ok Sibil, and Ok Tsop valleys. |
240 | Palu’e | ple | 6b | 10,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Palu’e island; Flores mainland, Nangahure village northwest of Maumere. |
241 | So’a | ssq | 6a | 10,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Flores island, central Kabupaten Ngada. |
242 | Tehit | kps | 6b | 10,000 | West Papua province: Sorong regency, most of Teminabuan sub-district, half of Sawiat sub-district, about 31 villages in southwest Bird's Head. |
243 | Tulehu | tlu | 7 | 10,000 | Maluku province: Maluku Tengah regency, Ambon island, Liang, Tulehu, Tengah-tengah, and Tial villages. |
244 | Wanukaka | wnk | 6a | 10,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: west Sumba island, southwest coast. |
245 | Yaqay | jaq | 6b | 10,000 | Papua province: Mappi regency, south coast along Obaa river north to Gandaimu area. |
246 | Yawa | yva | 5 | 10,000 | Papua province: central Yapen island, 8 north coast villages, 2 interior villages, and 18 south coast villages. |
247 | Ketengban | xte | 5 | 9,970 | Papua province: Papua New Guinea border area, east highland slopes, scattered. |
248 | Moma | myl | 5 | 9,940 | Central Sulawesi province: Kulawi sub-district, Kulawi and Toro town areas. |
249 | Bada | bhz | 5 | 9,780 | Central Sulawesi and South Sulawesi provinces: Luwu Utara and Poso regencies, Lore Selatan, Pamona Selatan, Parigi, and Poso Pesisir sub-districts; at least 24 villages. Northern Mamuju regency, Pasangkayu sub-district; some in Ampibabo sub-district, Lemusa village (Ako dialect). |
250 | Dampelas | dms | 7 | 9,560 | Central Sulawesi province: Donggala, Parigi-Moutong, and Toli-Toli regencies, Balaesang, Dampelas, and Sojol sub-districts, 8 villages on northwest Makassar Strait. |
251 | Tondano | tdn | 8a | 9,560 | North Sulawesi province: Minahasa regency on north peninsula, Lake Tondano area. |
252 | Pancana | pnp | 6a | 9,460 | Southeast Sulawesi province: central Buton island, east and west coasts. |
253 | Awyu, South | aws | 6b | 9,340 | Papua province: Merauke and Mappi regencies, Bade town area; lower Digul river. |
254 | Manombai | woo | 6a | 9,110 | Maluku province: Aru islands, Manombai strait to Wakua island, from Wokam village south, 21 villages; Kobror island, Benjina; Maikor island, Gardakau; Wokam island east coast, Kobamar village. |
255 | Asmat, Casuarina Coast | asc | 5 | 9,000 | Papua province: Mappi regency, Edera and Pantai Kasuari sub-districts on Casuarina Coast from Ewta river north to Kuti river south, and inland. |
256 | Asilulu | asl | 6b | 8,760 | Maluku province: Asilulu, Negeri Lima, and Ureng, villages. Northwest Ambon island and west Seram island, Hoamoal peninsula, south coast. |
257 | Bidayuh, Biatah | bth | 5 | 8,480 | West Kalimantan province: Sanggau regency, area near Sarawak border; possibly northeast Landak regency. |
258 | Citak | txt | 5 | 8,000 | Papua province: Mappi regency, Citak-Mitak sub-district, 19 villages on south coast. |
259 | Kamoro | kgq | 6a | 8,000 | Papua province: south coast; Mukamuga river into West Papua province: Etna bay area. |
260 | Kenyah, Wahau | whk | 6b | 8,000 | East Kalimantan province: Berau regency, Batu Majang, Buluk Sen, Kampung Baru, Muara Pedohon, Tabang Lama, Uma’ Bekuai, and Uma’ Dian villages on upper Mahakam river. |
261 | Kohin | kkx | 6b | 8,000 | Central Kalimantan province: Kotawaringin Timur regency, 10 villages in central and north Seruyan river area. |
262 | Korupun-Sela | kpq | 5 | 8,000 | Papua province: Jayawijaya regency, Kurima sub-district in eastern highlands, on Erok river upper reaches. |
263 | Lembata, South | lmf | 6a | 8,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Lembata regency, south Lembata island, Atadei district. |
264 | Lembata, West | lmj | 6a | 8,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: west Lembata island. |
265 | Moskona | mtj | 5 | 8,000 | West Papua province: southeast Bird's Head, west Bituni Bay; Sebjor river basin. |
266 | Muyu, North | kti | 6a | 8,000 | Papua province: south coast border area. |
267 | Selaru | slu | 6b | 8,000 | Maluku province: Maluku Tenggara Barat regency, Tanimbar island group; at least 6 villages on Nuswotar, Selaru, and Yamdena islands; some in Ambon and Saumlaki. |
268 | Tarangan, West | txn | 5 | 7,910 | Maluku province: south Aru islands, Tarangan island west coast. |
269 | Leti | lti | 7 | 7,710 | Maluku province: Southwest Maluku regency, Leti island sub-district. |
270 | Suwawa | swu | 7 | 7,590 | Gorontalo province: Bone Bolango regency, Bone river valley. |
271 | Awyu, Central | awu | 6a | 7,500 | Papua province: Mappi and Boven Digul regencies, Bimika, Citak Mitak, Mandobo, and Obaa sub-districts; south coast inland. |
272 | Beginci | ebc | 6a | 7,500 | West Kalimantan: Ketapang regency, Nanga Tayap and Hulu Sungai. |
273 | Rampi | lje | 6b | 7,500 | Central Sulawesi province: border area southwest of Lake Poso; South Sulawesi province: Luwu Utara regency, Rampi district, 6 mountain villages; Limbong, Mangkutana, Sabbang, and Wotu districts scattered. |
274 | Sahu | saj | 5 | 7,500 | North Maluku province: Jailolo town area on north Halmahera island. |
275 | Kola | kvv | 6a | 7,400 | Maluku province: 22 villages in north Aru islands on Kola and adjacent islands. |
276 | Mangole | mqc | 6a | 7,280 | North Maluku province: Sula islands on Mangole island south coast, south to Sula Besi island south tip. |
277 | Asmat, Central | cns | 6b | 7,000 | Papua province: Asmat regency; Sawa-Erma, Agats, Atsy, and Pantai Kasuari sub-districts, south coast from Owap river northwest to Farec river southwest, inland; Mappi regency, Edera and Nambai sub-districts in Digul river delta area. |
278 | Bilba | bpz | 6a | 7,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: northeast Rote island; Semau island; Timor mainland near Kupang. |
279 | Dela-Oenale | row | 6a | 7,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Rote island west coast, Dela and Oe Nale areas. |
280 | Marind | mrz | 6b | 7,000 | Papua province: Merauke regency south coast area; also, enclave in extreme south Papua. |
281 | Mpur | akc | 6b | 7,000 | West Papua province: Manokwari regency on north coast of Bird's Head; also Kebar valley. |
282 | Sou Upaa | wha | 6a | 7,000 | Maluku province: 30 villages on north Seram island mountain area; south along Teluti bay. |
283 | Morop | iwo | 6a | 6,900 | Papua province: Iwur river valley border area, Ok Iwur east to Ok Denom. Dewok (Dinamne dialect); Aurarin hamlet (Upper Dintere dialect). |
284 | Kaidipang | kzp | 7 | 6,660 | North Sulawesi province: Bolaang Mongondo Utara regency, Kaidipang and Bolangitang towns; north coast. |
285 | Maba | mqa | 6a | 6,620 | North Maluku province: Halmahera island, Wasilei area on southeast peninsula, north coast facing Buli bay. |
286 | Awyu, Asue | psa | 6b | 6,500 | Papua province: Asmat and Mappi regencies; inland from Pirimapun. |
287 | Luhu | lcq | 6b | 6,500 | Maluku province: Seram Bagian Barat regency, Luhu village on northwest and south coast of Seram island, Boano and Manipa islands. |
288 | Napu | npy | 5 | 6,240 | Central Sulawesi province: Poso regency, Lore Utara sub-district, 10 villages in Tomini bay. |
289 | Tarangan, East | tre | 6a | 6,110 | Maluku province: 12 villages in south Aru islands, Tarangan island east coast, and Maikor strait (Sungai Maikor). |
290 | Tajio | tdj | 7 | 6,100 | Central Sulawesi province: Ampibabo, Sindue, and Tinombo sub-districts, 21 villages on Tomini bay west coast. |
291 | Kamang | woi | 6b | 6,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: central Alor island. |
292 | Kepo’ | kuk | 6b | 6,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Manggarai Timur regency, 2 areas in central Flores island highlands. |
293 | Lewotobi | lwt | 6a | 6,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: southeastern Flores island in Lewotobi volcano area. |
294 | Putoh | put | 6b | 6,000 | North Kalimantan province: Malinau and Nunukan regencies, Bangalan, Longberang, and Mensalong towns in Mentarang river area. |
295 | Rajong | rjg | 6a | 6,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Central Flores island near Mount Watuweri, 2 areas. |
296 | Sajau Basap | sjb | 6a | 6,000 | East Kalimantan province: Berau and Bulungan regencies. |
297 | Seko Padang | skx | 6a | 6,000 | Central Sulawesi province: Palolo valley; South Sulawesi province: North Luwu regency, northeast Limbong sub-district. |
298 | Waropen | wrp | 7 | 6,000 | Papua province: Mamberamo Raya and Waropen regencies; south Waropen bay area (Ambumi dialect), and southwest to Rombak river mouth. |
299 | Wemale | weo | 6a | 6,000 | Maluku province: at least 14 villages on Seram island north coast, from Taniwel to Walakone towns; also southwest Seram. |
300 | Kioko | ues | 6b | 5,970 | Southeast Sulawesi province: north Buton regency, Bonegunu and Kambowa sub-districts, east central Buton island. |
301 | French | fra | Unestablished | 5,800 | |
302 | Bolango | bld | 6b | 5,770 | Gorontalo province: Gorontalo Utara regency, Atinggola town area; North Sulawesi province: Bolaang Mongondow Selantan regency, Molibagu area; Bolaang Mongondow Utara regency. |
303 | Ambelau | amv | 6a | 5,700 | Maluku province: central Ambelau island; Buru island coast, Wae Tawa village; 8 villages. |
304 | German, Standard | deu | Unestablished | 5,700 | |
305 | Dobel | kvo | 5 | 5,680 | Maluku province: Kepulauan Aru regency, Aru islands; Kobror island central and east coast, 18 villages; southeast Wokam island, 1 village; 4 villages in east Barakai strait on Kobror and Koba islands; 2 villages south of Beding Warlai town; many in Dobo; some in Ambon. |
306 | Una | mtg | 5 | 5,600 | Papua province: Langda, Bomela, and Sumtamon areas in east Weip and Yay valleys. |
307 | Iha | ihp | 6a | 5,500 | West Papua province: Fakfak regency, Fakfak, Kaimana, and Kokas sub-districts on west Bomberai peninsula. |
308 | Kaera | jka | 6a | 5,500 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Abangiwang, Bibit Gomi, Matgomi/Weniwa, Padangsul, Pantar, and Tamalabang villages on northeast coast. |
309 | Dhao | nfa | 5 | 5,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Rote Ndao regency, Ndao island off western tip of Rote island; scattered settlements on Rote and Timor islands. |
310 | Dusun Witu | duw | 6b | 5,000 | Central Kalimantan province: South Barito regency, near Pendang and Buntokecil towns. |
311 | Karon Dori | kgw | 6a | 5,000 | West Papua province: Asses, Pef, Siakwa, and Sunopi villages; central Bird's Head Kamundan river headwaters area. |
312 | Klon | kyo | 6b | 5,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Alor regency, Halerman, Manatang, Margera, Probur, Probur Utara, and Tribur villages. |
313 | Kula | tpg | 6a | 5,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Alor island, northeast coast, Kiralela, Koilela, Maukuru, Peisaka, and Takala villages; also east central mountains. |
314 | Ngad’a, Eastern | nea | 6a | 5,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: south central Flores, Desa Rowa, Kabupaten Ngada, Kecamatan Boawae, Kecamatan Golewa, Sanga Deto, Sara Sedu, and Taka Tunga. |
315 | Rembong | reb | 6a | 5,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: north central Flores island. |
316 | Silimo | wul | 5 | 5,000 | Papua province: central highlands, Amo and Kiniage valleys. |
317 | Wamesa | wad | 6b | 5,000 | West Papua province: Manokwari, Wasior, Wandamen bay to Bintuni bay east end. |
318 | Wolani | wod | 5 | 5,000 | Papua province: west central highlands, Kemandoga and Mbiyandogo rivers area northeast of Lake Paniai, north of Wissel Lakes. |
319 | Yali, Pass Valley | yac | 6a | 5,000 | Papua province: central highlands, Jayawijaya, Kurima, and Kurulu regencies. |
320 | Saleman | sau | 6b | 4,800 | Maluku province: Maluku Tengah regency on Saleman bay, north central Seram island, 3 areas. |
321 | Ansus | and | 6b | 4,600 | Papua province: Yapen Waropen regency, Yapen Barat sub-district, Aibondeni, Ansus, Kairawi, and Yenusi villages on Yapen island south coast. |
322 | Moi Kelim | mxn | 7 | 4,600 | West Papua province: 9 villages on west Bird's Head; Salawati island, Sorong city east and southeast. |
323 | Taliabu | tlv | 6a | 4,520 | North Maluku province: Sula island group; Taliabu island northwest coast; some on Mangole island. |
324 | Bobot | bty | 6b | 4,500 | Maluku province: Seram Bagian Timur regency, Werinama sub-district, southeast from Atiahu village to Kota Baru; Tunsai village in Liana area. |
325 | Dusun Malang | duq | 6b | 4,500 | Central Kalimantan province: North Barito regency, northeast and west of Muarainu town; East Kalimantan province: Kutai Barat regency, small border area. |
326 | Babar, Southeast | vbb | 6a | 4,460 | Maluku province: Ahanari, Analutur, Kokwari, Kroing, Letwurung, Manuweri, Tutuwawan, and Wakpapai villages; southeast Babar island coast. |
327 | Barakai | baj | 6a | 4,450 | Maluku province: Apara, Bemun, Longgar, and Mesiang villages in the south; Barakai island; some on Gomo-Gomo island northeast of Barakai. |
328 | Nggem | nbq | 5 | 4,400 | Papua province: middle Hablifoeri river north of Wamena. |
329 | Burusu | bqr | 6a | 4,350 | East Kalimantan province: Bulungan regency, Sesayap sub-district, Sekatakbunyi town area. |
330 | Behoa | bep | 6b | 4,280 | Central Sulawesi province: Poso regency, Lore Utara sub-district, 8 villages; Behoa and Napu valleys. |
331 | Bakati’ | bei | 6b | 4,000 | West Kalimantan province: Sambas regency; Sambas river headwaters. |
332 | Bakati’, Sara | sre | 6a | 4,000 | West Kalimantan province: near Sanggau-Ledo. |
333 | Irarutu | irh | 6b | 4,000 | West Papua province: Fakfak, north Kaimana, and Teluk Bintani regencies on east Bomberai peninsula, Arguni bay north to Bintuni bay southwest, 44 villages. |
334 | Kombai | tyn | 6b | 4,000 | Papua province: Asmat regency, between upper Wideman and Digul rivers. |
335 | Lamalera | lmr | 6a | 4,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: 3 or more villages on Lembata island south coast. |
336 | Lamatuka | lmq | 6a | 4,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: central Lembata island, several villages between Ile Ape [ila] and Lewoeleng [lwe] language areas. |
337 | Levuka | lvu | 6a | 4,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: west central Lembata island. |
338 | Lewoeleng | lwe | 6a | 4,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: central eastern Lembata island; north coastal plains villages are from recent government-induced migration. |
339 | Ma’ya | slz | 6b | 4,000 | West Papua province: Raja Ampat archipelago on east Bantanta, central Salawati islands, and Misool island. |
340 | Muyu, South | kts | 6a | 4,000 | Papua province: south coast, north of Fly river border with Papua New Guinea. |
341 | Rongga | ror | 6a | 4,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: south central Flores island. |
342 | Teiwa | twe | 6a | 4,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: 6 villages on central Pantar island. |
343 | Watubela | wah | 6a | 4,000 | Maluku province: Watubela islands east central area. |
344 | Kabola | klz | 6a | 3,900 | East Nusa Tenggara province: northwest Alor island, Bird's Head area. |
345 | Laha | lhh | 6a | 3,890 | Maluku province: Laha and other villages on Ambon island south central coast. |
346 | Awyu, Edera | awy | 6b | 3,870 | Papua province: Merauke regency, both banks, lower Digul river. |
347 | Tabla | tnm | 8a | 3,750 | Papua province: Jayapura regency, Bukia, Depapre, and Wari towns, and 13 villages on north coast. |
348 | Kokoda | xod | 6b | 3,700 | West Papua province: Sorong Selatan regency in Bird's Head, northwest coast of Maccluer gulf. |
349 | Wersing | kvw | 6a | 3,700 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Alor island, Pietoko, Pureman, and 2 enclaves on central north, east, and southeast coasts. |
350 | Malay, Banda | bpq | 6a | 3,690 | Maluku province: south Banda islands. |
351 | Batuley | bay | 6b | 3,640 | Maluku province: Aru islands regency, Arafura Sea east coast offshore communities, 7 island villages. |
352 | Tado | klw | 5 | 3,640 | Central Sulawesi province: Lindu sub-district, Anca, Langko, and Tomado villages near Lake Lindu. |
353 | Bati | bvt | 6b | 3,500 | Maluku province: Seram island east coast between Kian Darat and Keleser towns, inland. |
354 | Korowai | khe | 6a | 3,500 | Papua province: southeast inland area between upper Sirac and Digul rivers. |
355 | Sawi | saw | 8a | 3,500 | Papua Province: Asmat Regency, Pantai Kasuari and Fayit subdistricts, near south coastal lowland, between Kronkel and Ayip rivers and upper Fayit river area, Kamur, Esebor, Wiagas, Minahai, and Comoro villages. |
356 | Tamagario | tcg | 6a | 3,500 | Papua province: south coast area. |
357 | Okolod | kqv | 6a | 3,390 | East Kalimantan province: Sabah border area in northwest. |
358 | Pagu | pgu | 7 | 3,310 | North Maluku province: Halmahera Utara regency on lower Kao river and west to interior foothills. |
359 | Balaesang | bls | 7 | 3,300 | Central Sulawesi province: Donggala regency, Balaesang sub-district, Kamonji, Ketong, and Rano villages on Manimbayu peninsula. |
360 | Mairasi | zrs | 5 | 3,300 | Papua province; West Papua province: Bomberai peninsula, southwest coast facing Arafura Sea, southeast from Arguni bay. |
361 | Kalabra | kzz | 6a | 3,290 | West Papua province: west Bird's Head, Kalabra river inland. |
362 | Boano | bzn | 6a | 3,240 | Maluku province: North Buano main village; Boano and Seram islands. |
363 | Kur | kuv | 6b | 3,180 | Maluku province: west Kei Kecil district in Kur and surrounding islands southeast. |
364 | Murut, Sembakung | sbr | 6b | 3,180 | East Kalimantan province: Nunukan regency, Sembakung river mouth. |
365 | Padoe | pdo | 6b | 3,100 | South Sulawesi province: Luwu Utara regency, Malili, Mangkutana, and Nuha sub-districts, 9 villages inland between Lake Matano and Usu arm of Bone bay. |
366 | Malimpung | mli | 6b | 3,090 | South Sulawesi province: Pinrang regency, Patampanua sub-district, Malimpung, Sulili (part), and Urung villages; north Sadang river. |
367 | Abun | kgr | 6b | 3,000 | West Papua province: Sorong regency, Ayamaru, Moraid, and Sausapor sub-districts, about 20 villages; north coast, interior of central Bird's Head. |
368 | Adang | adn | 6b | 3,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Alor island, northwest of Kalabahi town toward Banda Sea coast. |
369 | Aghu | ahh | 6b | 3,000 | Papua province: Boven Digoel regency, Jair sub-district in south interior between Mapi and Digul rivers. |
370 | Banda | bnd | 7 | 3,000 | Maluku province: Maluku Tenggara regency, Banda-Eli and Banda-Elat villages, possibly a third; Kei Besar island west and northeast. |
371 | Hupla | hap | 6b | 3,000 | Papua province: central highlands area, Baliem gorge. |
372 | Kayan, Busang | bfg | 6b | 3,000 | Central Kalimantan province; East Kalimantan province: Muller Mountains, Belayan, upper Mahakam, and Oga river areas. |
373 | Kimaghima | kig | 6b | 3,000 | Papua province: Merauke regency, Kolopom island interior. |
374 | Liana-Seti | ste | 6b | 3,000 | Maluku province: Maluku Tengah and Seram Bagian regencies, Tehoru, Timur Bula, and Werinama districts, 8 villages from east Teluti bay north to Seram Sea coast. |
375 | Lik | eip | 6b | 3,000 | Papua province: Eastern highlands, Eipo river area. |
376 | Nasal | nsy | 6a | 3,000 | Bengkulu province: Kaur regency, Gedung Menung, Tanjung Baru, and Tanjung Betuah villages in Nasal river area on Sumatra. |
377 | Sawila | swt | 6b | 3,000 | East Nusa Tenggara Province: southeast Alor island, between Kula [tpg] and Wersing [kvw] language areas. |
378 | Uma’ Lung | ulu | 6b | 3,000 | North Kalimantan province: Bulungan regency, small area; Malinau regency, Batu Kajang, Pimping, Long Belua, Long Setulang, Long Uli villages on middle Malinau river. |
379 | Wae Rana | wrx | 6b | 3,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: south central Flores island, 2 separate areas between Manggarai [mqy] and Ngad’a [nxg] language areas. |
380 | Waioli | wli | 6b | 3,000 | North Maluku province: northwest Halmahera island coast from Sasu town inland to highland interior. |
381 | Wambon | wms | 6b | 3,000 | Papua province: Boven Digoel regency, Ambatkwi sub-district. |
382 | Gane | gzn | 6b | 2,900 | North Maluku province: Halmahera island, south peninsula. |
383 | Marind, Bian | bpv | 7 | 2,900 | Papua province: Merauke regency, Muting sub-district, Sanayu village in upper Bian river area. |
384 | Seluwasan | sws | 6b | 2,840 | Maluku province: Maluku Tenggara Barat regency, Batu Putih, Makatian, Marantutu, and Wermatang villages in Tanimbar island group on Yamdena island southwest coast. |
385 | Koneq-koneq | cml | 6b | 2,830 | West Sulawesi province: Polewali Mandar regency on Mandar bay south coast. |
386 | Bintauna | bne | 7 | 2,800 | North Sulawesi province: Bolaang Mongondou Utara regency, Bintauna town and inland; Celebes Sea. |
387 | Damar, East | dmr | 6b | 2,800 | Maluku province: southeast, 6 villages; east Damar island. |
388 | Gebe | gei | 6b | 2,650 | North Maluku province: Gag, Gebe, and Yoi’umiya islands, 4 villages; Special Region of West Papua province: Halmahera island. |
389 | Aoheng | pni | 6b | 2,630 | Central Kalimantan province: border areas; East Kalimantan province: Sarawak border area, upper reaches of Barito, Kapuas, and Mahakam rivers. |
390 | Sepa | spb | 6b | 2,600 | Maluku province: Sepa village on Seram island, and several areas on southwest coast. |
391 | Tugutil | tuj | 6b | 2,590 | North Maluku province: East Halmahera regency, Maba district, Miaf, Bebsili, and Marasipno villages; Wasile district, pass between Lolobata and Buli; North Halmahera regency, Kao district, Taboulamo area; Tobelo district, Kusuri. Dodaga, Tutuling, Akelamo, and Mabulan rivers in Maba district. |
392 | Sarudu | sdu | 6b | 2,550 | West Sulawesi province: Mamuju Utara regency, south Pasangkayu sub-district, 1 area near Lariang river mouth, another south, both on Makassar strait north coast. |
393 | Buli | bzq | 6b | 2,520 | North Maluku province: central Halmahera, 3 villages on Buli bay north shore. |
394 | Barapasi | brp | 6b | 2,500 | Papua province: Yapen Waropen regency, Waropen Atas sub-district; east Cenderawasih bay, Barapasi river area and tributaries. |
395 | Gresi | grs | 8a | 2,500 | Papua province: Jayapura regency, Bring, Hawa, Ibub, Klaysu, Sunna, Tabangkwari, and Yansu villages. |
396 | Kemtuik | kmt | 7 | 2,500 | Papua province: Jayapura regency, Aib, Aimbe, Braso, Mamda, Mamdayawang, Meikari, Merem, Sabeyap, Sabeyap Kecil, Sabron Yaru, Sabransamon, Sekorup, and Yanim villages; Lake Sentani southwest area. |
397 | Kwerba | kwe | 6b | 2,500 | Papua province: Apiaweti, Aurime, Munukania, Tatsewalem, and Wamariri villages in Apauwer river headwaters. |
398 | Nipsan | nps | 6b | 2,500 | Papua province: Jayawijaya regency, Kurima sub-district west of Hmanggona. |
399 | Seko Tengah | sko | 6b | 2,500 | South Sulawesi province: west Limbong sub-district along Betue river. |
400 | Boano | bzl | 6b | 2,400 | Central Sulawesi province: Parigi Moutong sub-district, Bolano village; north peninsula, south coast, facing gulf of Tomini. |
401 | Kamaru | kgx | 6b | 2,330 | Southeast Sulawesi province: Buton regency, east Buton island on Lawelu bay. |
402 | Awyu, Jair | awv | 6b | 2,300 | Papua province: Merauke district. |
403 | Yale, Kosarek | kkl | 5 | 2,300 | Papua province: eastern highlands. |
404 | Kaimbulawa | zka | 6a | 2,290 | Southeast Sulawesi province: Kaimbulawa and Lantoi villages on Siompu island, southwest Buton island, Kambe-kambero village. |
405 | Tombelala | ttp | 6b | 2,240 | Central Sulawesi province: Morowali regency, Bungku Tengah sub-district, 4 villages on Tolo bay west coast. |
406 | Kurudu | kjr | 6b | 2,180 | Papua province: Mamberamo Raya regency, Kaipuri and Poiwai villages; Kurudu islands. |
407 | Latu | ltu | 7 | 2,130 | Maluku province: Seram Bagian Barat regency, Latu village; west Seram island, southwest Elpaputih bay, Point Latu. |
408 | Bobongko | bgb | 6a | 2,050 | Central Sulawesi province: Batu Daka island, Tumbulawa village on northwest coast; Togian islands, Lembanato village on Kilat bay, north side of Togian island. |
409 | Anasi | bpo | 6b | 2,000 | Papua province: Jayapura regency, Mamberamo Hilir sub-district on north coast, lower west bank Mamberamo river. |
410 | Asmat, Yaosakor | asy | 7 | 2,000 | Papua province: Asmat regency, Agats and Atsy sub-districts; lower Surets and Eilanden rivers confluence area. |
411 | Emem | enr | 6b | 2,000 | Papua province: Keerom and Pegunungan Bintang regencies, border area south of Jayapura city. |
412 | Gerai | gef | 5 | 2,000 | West Kalimantan: Ketapang regency. |
413 | Kayan, Kayan River | xkn | 6b | 2,000 | East Kalimantan province: Kayan river headwaters south, and downstream. |
414 | Kwesten | kwt | 7 | 2,000 | Papua province: Sarmi regency, Arare, Holmhaven, Mafenter, and Omte villages in Pacific coast area. |
415 | Laba | lau | 6b | 2,000 | North Maluku province: south Loloda district, 4 villages; Halmahera island northwest interior. |
416 | Lubu | lcf | 6a | 2,000 | North Sumatera province: Mandailing Natal regency, Kotanopan district. |
417 | Modole | mqo | 6b | 2,000 | North Maluku province: Kao river headwaters on north Halmahera island. |
418 | Momuna | mqf | 6b | 2,000 | Papua province: west Asmat regency into Yahukimo regency; lowlands south of main ranges. |
419 | Murut, Tagal | mvv | 6b | 2,000 | North Kalimantan province: Nunukan regency, northwest valley east to Simalumung. |
420 | Nimboran | nir | 8a | 2,000 | Papua province: Jayapura regency, about 26 villages west of Lake Sentani. |
421 | Pom | pmo | 6b | 2,000 | Papua province: Kepulauan Yapen regency, Mias Endi, Pom, and Serewen villages on Yapen island, from Pon bay west to Woko point; some on east Num island. |
422 | Punan Tubu | puj | 6b | 2,000 | East Kalimantan province: Malinau, Mentarang, and Sembakung river areas. |
423 | Segai | sge | 6b | 2,000 | East Kalimantan province: Berau regency. Kelai river area around Longlaai town. |
424 | Sikaritai | tty | 5 | 2,000 | Papua province: Haya, Iri, and Sikari villages in Lakes plain area. |
425 | Lisabata-Nuniali | lcs | 6b | 1,830 | Maluku province: 5 villages on west and north Seram island. |
426 | Pendau | ums | 6b | 1,820 | Central Sulawesi province: Balaesang sub-district, Sibayu, Walandano, and other villages; scattered north to Dampal Utara district. |
427 | Isirawa | srl | 6b | 1,800 | Papua province: Jayapura, north coast, Sarmi regency: Amsira, Arabais, Arsania, Kamenawari, Mararena, Martewar, Nisero, Nuerawar, Perkami, Siaratesa, Waim, Wari, and Webro villages. |
428 | Woi | wbw | 6b | 1,800 | Papua province: west Yapen island, Wooi and Wainap villages. |
429 | Komodo | kvh | 6b | 1,730 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Manggarai Barat regency, Komodo island. |
430 | Marau | mvr | 6b | 1,700 | Papua province: 5 villages on east Yapen island, Cenderawasih bay. |
431 | Roma | rmm | 6b | 1,700 | Maluku province: Jerusu village on Roma island. |
432 | Yalahatan | jal | 7 | 1,700 | Maluku province: Makulu Tengah regency, south central Seram island coastal area. |
433 | Nafri | nxx | 8a | 1,630 | Papua province: Jayapura area, Nafri village on southeast Yotafa bay. |
434 | Ambel | wgo | 7 | 1,600 | West Papua province: Raja Ampat regency, Waigeo Selatan sub-district, Go, Kabare, Kabilol, Nyandesawai, Selegop, Waifoi, and Warsanbin villages in north central Waigeo island off western Bird's Head. |
435 | Orya | ury | 6b | 1,600 | Papua province: Jayapura and Sarmi regencies, Bonggo, Lereh, and Unurum-Guay sub-districts, Taja, Wamho, and Witi villages. |
436 | Kamberau | irx | 7 | 1,570 | West Papua province: Kaimana regency, Bahomia, Coa, Inari, Koi, Tanggaromi, Ubia-Seramuku, Waho, Wamesa, and Wamoma villages; southeast Bomberai peninsula, Kamerau bay area. |
437 | Awyu, North | yir | 6b | 1,500 | Papua province: Merauke district; Digul river west side. |
438 | Bauzi | bvz | 5 | 1,500 | Papua province: Jayapura and Yapen Waropen regencies, Mamberamo Tengah and Waropen Atas sub-districts, Danau Bira, Itaba, Kustera, Neao, Noiadi, Solom, and Vakiadi villages; extensive inland area between Mamberamo and Rouffaer rivers. |
439 | Edopi | dbf | 6b | 1,500 | Papua province: southwest Mamberamo Raya and north Puncak regencies; Rouffaer river between Splitsingbivak and Motorbivak. |
440 | Gamkonora | gak | 6b | 1,500 | North Maluku province: Halmahera island, Baru town and inland on northwest coast. |
441 | Iau | tmu | 5 | 1,500 | Papua province: Puncak Jaya regency, Bakusi, Duita, Fawi, and Fi villages between Rouffaer and Van Daalen rivers. |
442 | Kayan, Mendalam | xkd | 6b | 1,500 | West Kalimantan province: along Mendalam river. |
443 | Kemberano | bzp | 6b | 1,500 | West Papua province: several villages on Bird's Head south coast, northwest Bomberai peninsula, Kalitami across Bintuni bay. |
444 | Kodeoha | vko | 6b | 1,500 | Southeast Sulawesi province: North Kolaka regency, Lasusua sub-district, 4 villages in upper Bone bay, east coast. |
445 | Manipa | mqp | 6b | 1,500 | Maluku province: Central Maluku regency, 4 villages on Manipa island, west of Seram island. |
446 | Nedebang | nec | 6b | 1,500 | East Nusa Tenggara province: north central Pantar island in Banda sea. |
447 | Nuaulu, South | nxl | 6b | 1,500 | Maluku province: Amahai district, 6 villages on Seram island inland from south coast. |
448 | Uma’ Lasan | xky | 6b | 1,500 | East Kalimantan province: Malinau regency, Long Jelet Mesahan, Long Pejalin (Uma Alim dialect), and Long Pujungan villages. |
449 | Wabo | wbb | 7 | 1,500 | Papua province: Kepulauan Yapen regency, 6 villages on Yapen island, north and south coast. |
450 | Welaun | wlh | 6a | 1,500 | East Nusa Tenggara: Belu regency, Asumanu, Baudaok, Bauho, Raiulun, Sarabau, Silawan, Tohe, and Tulakadi. |
451 | Fayu | fau | 6b | 1,400 | Papua province: Kliki river area; northwest towards Cenderawasik bay. |
452 | Ili’uun | ilu | 6b | 1,400 | Maluku province: Erai, Esulit, Ilmaumau, Istutun, Karbubu, Klishatu, Nabar, and Telemar villages southwest; Lirang island; Wetar island southwest tip. |
453 | Yetfa | yet | 6a | 1,400 | Papua province: Pegunungan Bintang regency, Okbibab sub-district. |
454 | Ratahan | rth | 8b | 1,340 | North Sulawesi province: Minahasa regency on northeast peninsula and Tomini bay. |
455 | Kayan Mahakam | xay | 6b | 1,300 | East Kalimantan province: Malinau and West Kutai regencies; Muller Mountains from south border north almost to Malaysia. |
456 | Sowari | dmy | 8a | 1,300 | Papua province: Ambora, Muris Besar, Muris Kecil, and Yougafsa villages on north coast. |
457 | Yei | jei | 7 | 1,280 | Papua province: Merauke regency, 6 villages in south coast area, along Maro river. |
458 | Dawera-Daweloor | ddw | 7 | 1,270 | Maluku province: Maluku Barat Daya regency, Wiratan, Watuwei, and Nurnyaman villages in Banda Sea on twin coral islands northeast of Babar island; Daweloor island; Dawera island, Ilmarang, Letmasa, and Welora villages. |
459 | Matbat | xmt | 6b | 1,250 | West Papua province: Raja Ampat archipelago in Misool and Segaf islands. |
460 | Oirata | oia | 7 | 1,220 | Maluku province: southeast Maluku Barat Daya regency; Kisar island, Oirata village; some in Ambon city. |
461 | Bantik | bnq | 8a | 1,200 | North Sulawesi province: Manado city area, 11 villages; north peninsula, northeast section. |
462 | Berik | bkl | 6b | 1,200 | Papua province: Sarmi regency, Tor Atas sub-district, Beu, Bora Bora, Dangken, Doronta, Kondirjan, Safrontani, Sewan, Somanente, Taminambor, Tenwer, Togonfo, and Waf villages; north coast, mid and upper Tor river, inland from Sarmi peninsula. |
463 | Koneraw | kdw | 7 | 1,200 | Papua province: Merauke regency, Kolopom island south coast. |
464 | Mekwei | msf | 8a | 1,200 | Papua province: Jayapura regency, Kendate, Maribu, Sabron Dosay, and Waibrong villages. |
465 | Moi Lemas | sbg | 7 | 1,200 | West Papua province: west Bird's Head southwest of Sorong, Walian, Sailolof, Segum, and Seget villages. |
466 | Ndom | nqm | 6b | 1,200 | Papua province: Kolopom island. |
467 | Serui-Laut | seu | 7 | 1,200 | Papua province: Kepulauan Yapen regency, Serui town area on Yapen island south coast; west past Panduan point; Sareba bay on Nau island; 5 villages. |
468 | Tugun | tzn | 6a | 1,200 | Maluku province: southwest in Arwala, Ilpokil, Ilway, Kahailin, Mahuan, Masapun, and Tomliapat villages; southeast Wetar island. |
469 | Wanggom | wng | 6b | 1,180 | Papua province: Boven Digoel regency, upper Digul river area. |
470 | Lasalimu | llm | 6b | 1,150 | Southeast Sulawesi province: Buton regency, Lasalimu sub-district, Lasalima town, Lasalimu and Malaoge villages facing Lawelu bay on Buton island. |
471 | Dakka | dkk | 7 | 1,140 | West Sulawesi province: Polewali-Mandar regency, Wonomulyo sub-district. |
472 | Kata Kolok | bqy | 5 | 1,125 | Bali province: Northern Bali, Buleleng regency, Kubutambahan District, Desa Kolok, about 20 km east of Singaraja. |
473 | Baham | bdw | 6b | 1,100 | West Papua province: northwest Bomberai peninsula, Fakfak regency, Fakfak, Kaimana, and Kokas sub-districts; Kaimana regency, Cape Papisoi area. |
474 | Riantana | ran | 6b | 1,100 | Papua province: Kolopom island. |
475 | Roon | rnn | 6b | 1,100 | West Papua province: Roon island west of Cenderawasih bay. |
476 | Teor | tev | 6b | 1,100 | Maluku province: Watubela archipelago, Teor and Ut islands. |
477 | Tela-Masbuar | tvm | 6a | 1,050 | Maluku province: Maluku Barat Daya regency, Masbuar and Tela villages on southwest Babar island. |
478 | Ujir | udj | 7 | 1,030 | Maluku province: Kepulauan-Aru regency; northwest Aru islands on Udjir and Wokam islands. |
479 | Kumbewaha | xks | 6b | 1,010 | Southeast Sulawesi province: Buton regency, Lasalimu sub-district, Kumbewaha and Wajah Jaya villages on southeast Buton island. |
480 | Airoran | air | 6b | 1,000 | Papua province: Jayapura regency, Mamberamo Hilir and Pantai Barat sub-districts, Isirania, Motobiak, Subu, and other villages on lower Apauwer river. |
481 | Arandai | jbj | 6b | 1,000 | West Papua province: Manokwari regency, Bintuni sub-district; South Bird's Head, Ceram Sea coast. |
482 | Asmat, North | nks | 6a | 1,000 | Papua province: Merauke regency, Sawa-Erma sub-district. Near Pater Le Cocq river headwaters west to Unir river east to the foothills. |
483 | Atohwaim | aqm | 6b | 1,000 | Papua province: Mappi regency, Pantai Kasuari sub-district. South coast inland, between Cook and Kronkel rivers. |
484 | Babar, North | bcd | 6b | 1,000 | Maluku province: Maluku Barat Daya regency, Ilwiara, Nakarhamto, and Yatoke villages, northeast Babar island. |
485 | Buruwai | asi | 7 | 1,000 | West Papua province: Fakfak and Kaimana regencies, Esania, Gaka, Guriasa, Hia, Kuna, Marobia, Tairi, and Yarona villages in Kamrau bay southwest. |
486 | Dem | dem | 6b | 1,000 | Papua province: Western highlands along Rouffaer river headwaters. |
487 | Gorap | goq | 7 | 1,000 | North Maluku province: Halmahera Utara regency, Bobane and Igo villages; Pulau Morotai regency, Pilowo and Waringin villages on Morotai island. |
488 | Hovongan | hov | 6b | 1,000 | East Kalimantan province: border area northeast near Sarawak; West Kalimantan province: Kapuas Hulu regency. |
489 | Kafoa | kpu | 6b | 1,000 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Alor island, southwest enclave. |
490 | Masiwang | bnf | 6b | 1,000 | Maluku province: Bula district along Seram island northeast coast. |
491 | Moraid | msg | 6b | 1,000 | West Papua province: west Bird's Head inland, Mata to Worbo area. |
492 | Ninggerum | nxr | 6b | 1,000 | Papua province: Boven Digoel regency on Papua New Guinea border. |
493 | Rohingya | rhg | Unestablished | 1,000 | |
494 | Semimi | etz | 7 | 1,000 | Papua province: Nabire regency, border area west of Lake Jamur; West Papua province: Kaimana regency, Bomberai peninsula from Tarera bay west and north to Lacmora and Aiwasa lakes area. |
495 | Sempan | xse | 6b | 1,000 | Papua province: middle south coast, between Agats and Kokonao. |
496 | Sobei | sob | 7 | 1,000 | Papua province: Sarmi regency, Sarmi sub-district, north coast area, Bagaiserwar, Sarmi, and Sawar villages. |
497 | Wano | wno | 6b | 1,000 | Papua province: Puncak and Puncak Jaya regencies in central highlands area; Van Daalen river to upper Rouffaer river. |
498 | Koroni | xkq | 7 | 980 | Central Sulawesi province: Morowali regency, Bungku Tengah sub-district, Unsongi village on Tolo bay east coast. |
499 | Duvle | duv | 6b | 930 | Papua province: south of Van Daalen river; Dagai river (Eastern Duvle), Fedide and Wedi rivers (Western Duvle). |
500 | Hamap | hmu | 6b | 900 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Alor island, Moru town area, 2 villages in east Kalabahi bay. |
501 | Ketum | ktt | 6b | 900 | Papua province: foothills on east Digul river. |
502 | Lengilu | lgi | 7 | 900 | North Kalimantan province: Long Layu’, Long Padi. |
503 | Limola | ley | 6b | 900 | South Sulawesi province: Luwu Utara regency, Sassa and Salassa villages, in middle Rongko river area; scattered in Sabbang sub-district. |
504 | Lola | lcd | 6b | 900 | Maluku province: Kepulauan Aru regency, Jambuair, Lola, and Warabal villages in Aru island group on Barakan, Lola, and Penambulai islands. |
505 | Enggano | eno | 6b | 870 | Bengkulu province: Enggano island, southwest of mainland; 4 small nearby islands. |
506 | Koba | kpd | 6b | 870 | Maluku province: southeast, at least 3 villages; Aru island group, Baun and Fukarel islands in mouth of Barakai strait. |
507 | Batui | zbt | 7 | 850 | Central Sulawesi province: Banggai regency, Batui sub-district, Balantang, Batui, Sisipan, and Tolando villages; eastern peninsula. |
508 | Masela, West | mss | 7 | 850 | Maluku province: 5 villages on Masela island west tip. |
509 | Mawes | mgk | 6b | 850 | Papua province: Sarmi regency, Bonggo sub-district, Mawes Dai, Mawes Mukti, and Mawes Wres villages on Buri river west bank inland. |
510 | Sa’ban | snv | 6b | 850 | North Kalimantan province: Nunukan regency. |
511 | Dai | dij | 6b | 820 | Maluku province: Maluku Barat Daya regency, Sinairusi, 3 other villages on Lewa island. |
512 | Damar, West | drn | 6b | 800 | Maluku province: southeast, 2 villages; north Damar island. |
513 | Munggui | mth | 6b | 800 | Papua province: Yapen island north coast, 1 village. |
514 | Reta | ret | 6b | 800 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Alor regency, south Pura and south Ternate (Alor) islands. |
515 | Suabo | szp | 6b | 800 | West Papua province: south Bird's Head, 15 villages along Maccluer bay. |
516 | Tereweng | twg | 6b | 800 | East Nusa Tenggara province: 2 villages on Tereweng island; 1 village on Pantar island. |
517 | Bonggo | bpg | 8a | 790 | Papua province: Sarmi regency, Bonggo sub-district. |
518 | Bahonsuai | bsu | 7 | 780 | Central Sulawesi province: Morowali regency, Bungku Tengah sub-district, Bahonsuai village on the east coast, Tolo bay. |
519 | Tsaukambo | kvz | 6b | 780 | Papua province: upper Digul river west side. |
520 | Panasuan | psn | 6a | 770 | South Sulawesi province: Luwu Utara regency northwest; West Sulawesi province: Mamuju regency, Kalumpang and Seko sub-districts, 2 villages. |
521 | Busami | bsm | 6b | 700 | Papua province: Yapen Waropen regency, Yapen Barat and Yapen Selatan sub-districts, Kamanap, Kaonda and Masiaroti villages on south and north coast of Yapen island. |
522 | Kais | kzm | 7 | 700 | West Papua province: Sorong Selatan regency, south Bird's Head area; inland along Kais river: 8 villages. |
523 | Mor | mhz | 7 | 700 | West Papua province: Nabire regency, Mor islands, east Cenderawasih bay; coastal area northeast of Ruwianui point. |
524 | Nakai | nkj | 6b | 700 | Papua province: east of upper Digul river, Awimbom village in the center of 5 other villages extending toward Ok Sibil northeast, and southwest toward Morop [iwo] language area. |
525 | Puragi | pru | 6b | 700 | West Papua province: Sorong Selatan regency on southwest Bird's Head along Maccluer Gulf, Matamani river area, and inland. |
526 | Skou | skv | 6a | 700 | Papua province: Sko-Mabu, Sko-Sai, and Sko-Yambe villages, north coast border area at Tami river mouth. |
527 | Galolen | gal | 6b | 680 | Maluku province: Maluku Barat Daya regency, Iliwaki village on Wetar island. |
528 | Busoa | bup | 7 | 670 | Southeast Sulawesi province: South Buton regency, Batauga district, Busoa and Lakambau villages, around 22 km south of the town of Baubau. |
529 | Tonsea | txs | 6b | 670 | North Sulawesi province: Minahasa Utara regency, Kota Bitung and Kota Manado cities. |
530 | Sedoa | tvw | 5 | 660 | Central Sulawesi province: Lore Utara subdistrict, Sedoa village; Poso Pesisir subdistrict, parts of Tambarona and Pinedapa villages. |
531 | Tause | tad | 6a | 650 | Papua province: Mamberamo Raya and Waropen regencies, 3 areas on Rouffaer river. |
532 | Kelabit | kzi | 6b | 640 | East Kalimantan province: Nunukan regency, 2 remote mountain enclaves, on Sarawak border. |
533 | Murut, Selungai | slg | 6b | 640 | East Kalimantan province: Nunukan regency on upper Sembakung river. |
534 | Tarpia | tpf | 8a | 630 | Papua province: Jayapura regency, Demta sub-district, Tarfia village on north coast. |
535 | Vitou | vto | 7 | 630 | Papua province: Sarmi regency, Pantai Timur sub-district, Takar village inland. |
536 | Warembori | wsa | 7 | 620 | Papua province: Maberamo Raya regency, Bonoi, Poiwai, Tamakuri, and Warembori villages, Mamberamo river mouth west to Manini point. |
537 | Karey | kyd | 6b | 610 | Maluku province: Tarangan island southeast coast, Karey valley in Aru Islands. |
538 | Betaf | bfe | 6b | 600 | Papua province: Sarmi regency, Pantai Timur sub-district; north coast area east of Sarmi. |
539 | Kaburi | uka | 6b | 600 | West Papua province: Sorong Selatan and Teluk Bintuni regencies, Inanwatan and Merdei sub-districts; south Bird's Head and west bank lower Kamundan river. |
540 | Kawe | kgb | 6b | 600 | West Papua province: Raja Ampat regency, Bird's Head west coast, Bianci, Menyefun, Salio, and Selepele villages; Batangpele, Kawe, Minjaifuin, Waigeo, and nearby islands. |
541 | Kowiai | kwh | 6b | 600 | West Papua province: Kaimana regency, Adijaya, Kayumerah, Keroi, and Namatota villages; Bomberai peninsula, Kamrau bay area, Kaimana, Namatote, and Adi islands, smaller islands in bay. |
542 | Papuma | ppm | 6b | 600 | Papua province: Kepulauan Yapen regency, Papuma village on Yapen island south coast. |
543 | Bukitan | bkn | 6b | 570 | North Kalimantan province: Malinau regency on Sarawak border, 2 enclaves on Iwan river. |
544 | Imroing | imr | 7 | 560 | Maluku province: Maluku Barat Daya regency, Emroing village; Babar island southwest. |
545 | Sunum | ymn | 8a | 560 | Papua province: Sarmi regency, Pantai Timur sub-district, coastal area and Nirumoar island. |
546 | Foau | flh | 6a | 550 | Papua province: Jayapura and Mamberamo Raya regencies, Kecamatan sub-district, 1 village; Mamberamo basin region on Dijai river. |
547 | Mo | wkd | 7 | 550 | Papua province: Sarmi regency, Pantai Timur sub-district; Wakde island, and north coastal area. |
548 | Eritai | ert | 6b | 530 | Papua province: Sarmi regency, Mamberamo Hulu and Mamberamo Tengah sub-districts, Erai, Haya, and Kustera villages; low mountains, Kustera airstrip area. |
549 | Lepki | lpe | 6b | 530 | Papua province: Pegunungan Bintang regency, Teiraplu, Yefta, and Aboy districts, west of Sungai Sobger. |
550 | Masela, East | vme | 8a | 520 | Maluku province: Maluku Barat Daya regency, 3 villages from Welulora to Latalola Besar on east central Marsela island west coast. |
551 | Masela, Central | mxz | 8a | 510 | Maluku province: Maluku Barat Daya regency, 3 villages in Ilbutung area on Marsela island. |
552 | Kaibobo | kzb | 8b | 500 | Maluku province: Seram Bagian Barat regency, Kairatu sub-district, Hatusua, Kaibobo, Kamarian, Seruawan, Tihulale, and Waisamu villages; west Seram island, north Piru bay area. |
553 | Kayan, Wahau | whu | 6b | 500 | East Kalimantan province: Kutai Timur regency, Telen river north tributary. |
554 | Kereho | xke | 6b | 500 | Central Kalimantan province: Murung Raya regency; East Kalimantan province: Kutai Barat regency; West Kalimantan province: east Kapuas Hulu regency. |
555 | Kimki | sbt | 6b | 500 | Papua province: Pegunungan Bintang regency, Batom sub-district, near Sepik river entrance to Papua New Guinea. |
556 | Konda | knd | 6b | 500 | West Papua province: Sorong Selatan regency, Teminabuan sub-district, Konda village; lower Waromge river in southwest Bird's Head facing Seram Sea. |
557 | Kuri | nbn | 7 | 500 | West Papua province: Teluk Bintuni regency, 16 villages in southwest Bomberai peninsula. |
558 | Kwinsu | kuc | 6b | 500 | Papua province: Sarmi regency, Pantai Timur sub-district, Ansudu village. |
559 | Nisa | njs | 6b | 500 | Papua province: east Geelvink bay inland, Danau Nisa area. |
560 | Nuaulu, North | nni | 6b | 500 | Maluku province: 2 villages on Seram island, central north coast and inland, and Saleman bay. |
561 | Onin | oni | 6b | 500 | West Papua province: Fakfak regency on north Bomberai peninsula in Berau bay south coast west to Wetin point, then southwest to Wirtopin bay; south coast facing Panjang island. |
562 | Ormu | orz | 7 | 500 | Papua province: Jayapura regency north coast, Ormu Besar and Ormu Kecil villages. |
563 | Taikat | aos | 6b | 500 | Papua province: northeast border area south of Jayapura. |
564 | Tanahmerah | tcm | 6b | 500 | West Papua province: Teluk Bintuni regency on north Bomberai peninsula, Bintuni bay, Bapai and Gondu river areas. |
565 | Tunggare | trt | 6b | 500 | Papua province: Nabire regency, south Cendrawasih bay, Nabire town northeast past Ruwiami point. |
566 | Waris | wrs | 6b | 500 | Papua province: Keerom regency, Waris sub-district. |
567 | Yahadian | ner | 6b | 500 | West Papua province: Sorong Selatan regency, south Bird's Head along Maccluer bay. |
568 | Kaure | bpp | 8a | 450 | Papua province: Aurina, Harna, Lereh, Masta, and Wes villages on Nawa river. |
569 | Sekar | skz | 6b | 450 | West Papua province: Fakfak regency, Kokas area on northwest Bomberai peninsula coast; Ogar island. |
570 | Dabe | dbe | 7 | 440 | Papua province: Sarmi regency, Pantai Timur sub-district, Dabe village, Tor river valley north to coast. |
571 | Topoiyo | toy | 8a | 440 | West Sulawesi province: Mamuju regency, Budong-Budong sub-district, inland along Budong-Budong river. |
572 | Sekak | lce | 6b | 420 | Riau province; Riau Islands province; Bangka Belitung Islands province: Bangka Barat, Banka Tenga, and Bangka Selatan regencies, 2 coastal enclaves northern and southeast Bangka island; Belitung regency, western Belitung, Lepar, Liat, Mendanau, and other islands. |
573 | Bukat | bvk | 6b | 400 | West Kalimantan province: northeast near Sarawak border, Kapuas river, 3 areas. |
574 | Demisa | dei | 7 | 400 | Papua province: Waropen Bawah sub-district, Botawa, Desawa, and Muyere villages; inland in northeast Canderawasih bay. |
575 | Kao | kax | 8a | 400 | North Maluku province: Halmahera Utara regency; north Halmahera island on Kao bay area near Kao river mouth. |
576 | Kauwera | xau | 6a | 400 | Papua province: middle Mamberamo river, north bank. |
577 | Kopkaka | opk | 6b | 400 | Papua province: Jayawijaya regency, Kurima sub-district, Burungmakok and Siradala villages in lowlands; headwaters area, and Sirac river tributaries. |
578 | Manem | jet | 6b | 400 | Papua province: Keerom regency, northeast border area, Kiba, Wembi, and Yeti villages. |
579 | Papasena | pas | 6b | 400 | Papua province: Lakes plain area, lower Idenburg river. |
580 | Samarokena | tmj | 6b | 400 | Papua province: Mamberamo Raya and Sarmi regencies, Karfasia, Maseb, Samarkena, and Tamaya villages on north coast, and inland east of Apauwar river and west of Sarmi. |
581 | Uruangnirin | urn | 6b | 400 | West Papua province: Fak-Fak regency, Faur and Tuburuasa islands; southwest Bomberai peninsula mainland; possibly Karas island. |
582 | Yelmek | jel | 8a | 400 | Papua province: Merauke regency, Bibikem, Dodalim, Wanam, and Woboyo villages; South coast, east Muli strait. |
583 | Keijar | kdy | 8a | 370 | Papua province: Pacific coast east, north of Tor river mouth. |
584 | Punan Aput | pud | 6b | 370 | North Kalimantan province: Malinau regency south of Kayan river. |
585 | Taje | pee | 8b | 370 | Central Sulawesi province: Parigi Moutong regency, Ampibabo and Parigi Tengah sub-districts in Tomini bay. |
586 | Auye | auu | 5 | 350 | Papua province: Paniai regency, Napan sub-district; central highlands in Siriwo river area. |
587 | Awyi | auw | 8a | 350 | Papua province: Keerom regency, Arso sub-district; northeast highland enclave near Papua New Guinea border. |
588 | Benggoi | bgy | 8a | 350 | Maluku province: Werinama and Bula districts, Balakeo, Benggoi, and Lesa villages; Seram island, north Seram Sea coast. |
589 | Kadai | kzd | 7 | 350 | North Maluku province: Kepulauan Sula regency in Sula Islands, Molucca sea coast, Tjapaplulu strait area; Taliabu island, 2 east coast groups; west Mangole island coast east from Dofa; 2 small offshore islands. |
590 | Rahambuu | raz | 7 | 350 | Southeast Sulawesi province: Kolaka Utara regency, Pakue sub-district on upper Bone bay west coast, Batunong and north; some in South Sulawesi Selatan province. |
591 | Waru | wru | 6b | 350 | Southeast Sulawesi province: Konawe Utara regency, Asera sub-district interior, Mopute village. |
592 | Yaur | jau | 7 | 350 | Papua province: Nabire regency, west Cenderawasih bay, Manggua point south to Wororomi. |
593 | Yeretuar | gop | 7 | 350 | Papua province: Nabire regency, lower Kwatisore bay; West Papua province: south Teluk Wondama regency, Wandamen peninsula. |
594 | Andio | bzb | 7 | 335 | Central Sulawesi province: Lamala sub-district, Tangeban and Tauge villages, peninsula east tip area. |
595 | Biga | bhc | 6b | 330 | West Papua province: Sorong district, Biga village, on south Misool island. |
596 | Kompane | kvp | 6b | 330 | Maluku province: Kepulauan Aru regency, Kompane village on Kongan island. |
597 | Serili | sve | 8a | 330 | Maluku province: Babar island group, Papilewan town on northeast Marsela island. |
598 | Anus | auq | 7 | 320 | Papua province: Sarmi regency, Pulau Anus and Podena islands off north coast; coastal area east of Biri river. |
599 | Talondo’ | tln | 6b | 320 | West Sulawesi province: Mamuju regency, Bonehau sub-district, Bonehau village area. |
600 | Taloki | tlk | 8a | 310 | Southeast Sulawesi province: Buton Utara regency; Kapontori and Wakorumba sub-districts, Maligano and Wakalambe villages on Buton island northwest coast. |
601 | Abinomn | bsa | 6b | 300 | Papua province: Sarmi regency, Mamberamo Hulu sub-district. Lakes plain area, Baso river mouth at Idenburg river to headwaters in Foya mountains. |
602 | Bagusa | bqb | 6a | 300 | Papua province: Jayapura regency, Mamberamo Tengah sub-district. |
603 | Bayono | byl | 6a | 300 | Papua province: Asmat regency, Eilanden-Steenboom river area. |
604 | Diebroud | tbp | 6b | 300 | Papua province: Sarmi regency, Mamberamo Hulu sub-district. |
605 | Dla | kbv | 7 | 300 | Papua province: Keerom regency, 13 villages on Papua New Guinea border. |
606 | Elseng | mrf | 6b | 300 | Papua province: Jayapura and Keerom regencies, Abepura, Arso, Kemtuk Gresi, and Senggi sub-districts, Lake Sentani area, south, southwest. |
607 | Huaulu | hud | 6b | 300 | Maluku province: Maluku Tengah regency, 10 villages on north Seram island, Salemen bay, south end near Opin town. |
608 | Komyandaret | kzv | 6b | 300 | Papua province: Sungai river west bank headwaters. |
609 | Kwerba Mamberamo | xwr | 6a | 300 | Papua province: Edifalen, Kwerba, and Marinafalen villages on Mamberamo river east bank and into highlands. |
610 | Mlap | kja | 8b | 300 | Papua province: Jayapura regency, west of Lake Sentani. |
611 | Saweru | swr | 6b | 300 | Papua Province: Serui Waropen regency, Yapen Selatan subdistrict, central Yapen island, an island south of Yapen island near Serui. |
612 | Trimuris | tip | 6a | 300 | Papua province: Jayapura regency, Mamberamo Tengah sub-district on Mamberamo river east bank. |
613 | Warkay-Bipim | bgv | 6b | 300 | Papua province: Asmat regency south coast, 3 villages near Otsianep and northeast near Bapiem. |
614 | Wauyai | wuy | 7 | 300 | West Papua province: Raja Ampat regency, Wauyai village on southeast coast. |
615 | Citak, Tamnim | tml | 5 | 290 | Papua province: Asmat and Mappi regencies, Epem, Tamnim, Wowi, and Zinak villages; Senggo town area. |
616 | Laiyolo | lji | 6b | 290 | South Sulawesi province: Kepulauan Selayar regency, Barang-Barang, Laiyolo, Lowa, and other villages on Selayar island south tip. |
617 | Murkim | rmh | 6a | 290 | Papua province: Pegunungan Bintang regency, Batom sub-district, Milki and Mot villages. |
618 | Fedan | pdn | 7 | 280 | Papua province: Sarmi regency, Bonggo sub-district, coastline and island off north coast of Biri river area. |
619 | Mariri | mqi | 6a | 280 | Maluku province: 1 village southeast on Mairi island in Aru island group. |
620 | Perai | wet | 6b | 280 | Maluku province: Maluku Barat Daya regency, Moning and Uhak villages on Wetar island northeast coast. |
621 | Biritai | bqq | 6b | 250 | Papua province: Puncakjaya district, Biri village. |
622 | Burmeso | bzu | 6a | 250 | Papua province: Mamberamo Raya regency, Mamberamo Tengah sub-district, 1 village on Middle Mamberamo river. |
623 | Dao | daz | 6b | 250 | Papua province: Paniai regency, Napan sub-district; west central highlands along Dao river. |
624 | Emplawas | emw | 8b | 250 | Maluku province: Maluku Barat Daya regency, Emplawas village, south Babar island. |
625 | Kirikiri | kiy | 6a | 250 | Papua province: Dofu Wahuka and Paniai villages, west of Tariku and Kliki rivers’ confluence. |
626 | Kosare | kiq | 6a | 250 | Papua province: west of Nawa and Idenburg rivers confluence, south of Jayapura city. |
627 | Legenyem | lcc | 6a | 250 | West Papua province: Raja Ampat Islands, Waigeo island, Beo, Lempintol, and Wawiai villages in northwest main bay and south coast. |
628 | Meoswar | mvx | 6b | 250 | West Papua province: Meoswar island, west Cenderawasih bay. |
629 | Mombum | mso | 8a | 250 | Papua province: Kolopom island. |
630 | Sause | sao | 6b | 250 | Papua Province: southwest of Sentani, northwest of Lereh, Ures, Mubararon, Sause-Bokoko, Witti-Yadow, Lidya, and Puaral villages. |
631 | Tofanma | tlg | 6a | 250 | Papua province: Keerom regency, Senggi sub-district, most of Namla, Tofanma Dua, and Tofanma Satu villages in south Jayapura border area. |
632 | Viid | snu | 8a | 250 | Papua province: Senggi village in border area south of Jayapura. |
633 | Wotu | wtw | 7 | 250 | South Sulawesi province: Luwu Timur regency, Wotu sub-district, Bawalipu and Lampenai villages in north Bone bay; coast near Kalaena river mouth. |
634 | Karas | kgv | 8a | 240 | West Papua province: Antalisa and Mas villages on Karas island. |
635 | Kaptiau | kbi | 8a | 230 | Papua province: Sarmi regency, Bonggo sub-district, Kaptiau village. |
636 | Molof | msl | 6b | 230 | Papua province: 9 villages 100 km south of Jayapura city. |
637 | Zorop | wfg | 7 | 230 | Papua province: Keerom regency, Warlef village. |
638 | Kaiy | tcq | 6b | 220 | Papua province: Kaiy and Kokou villages in Lakes plain area, lower Rouffaer river. |
639 | Lorang | lrn | 6a | 220 | Maluku Province: Aru islands group, Koba island on northwest coast. |
640 | Tebi | dmu | 8a | 220 | Papua province: Keerom regency, Affi, Dubu, and Jembatan Web villages’ border area. |
641 | Sowanda | sow | 6b | 210 | Papua province: Keerom regency, northeast border area. |
642 | Beneraf | bnv | 7 | 200 | Papua province: Sarmi regency, Pantai Timur sub-district, Beneraf and part of Nenke village; north coast area east of Tor river mouth. |
643 | Erokwanas | erw | 6b | 200 | West Papua province: Fakfak regency on Berau bay. |
644 | Jofotek-Bromnya | jbr | 6b | 200 | Papua province: Sarmi regency, Bonggo sub-district, Srum village (Bromnya dialect); Pantai Timur sub-district, Biridua village (Jofotek dialect). |
645 | Kapauri | khp | 6b | 200 | Papua province: Pagai village, Kamikaru and Magri hamlets on upper Idenburg river north bank. |
646 | Kehu | khh | 6b | 200 | Papua province: Nabire regency, Sareba bay, Wapoga river in the foothills. |
647 | Momina | mmb | 6b | 200 | Papua province: Jayawijaya regency, Samboka village on lowland hills at headwaters of Brazza and Einladen rivers. |
648 | Punan Merap | puc | 6b | 200 | North Kalimantan province: Malinau regency on upper Malinau river. |
649 | Rasawa | rac | 6b | 200 | Papua province: Waropen regency, Waropen Bawah sub-district, 2 villages on Cenderawasih bay east coast at Rombak river mouth. |
650 | Wares | wai | 7 | 200 | Papua province: Sarmi regency, Maweswares village on Biri river headwaters south side. |
651 | Yarsun | yrs | 8a | 200 | Papua province: Sarmi regency, Bonggo sub-district. |
652 | Yoke | yki | 6b | 200 | Papua province: Sarmi regency, Mantarbori village northeast of Rombebai lake, east of Mamberamo river. |
653 | Bedoanas | bed | 7 | 180 | West Papua province: Fakfak regency, Kokas sub-district; Bomberai peninsula. |
654 | Budong-Budong | bdx | 6b | 180 | West Sulawesi province: Mamuju Tengah regency, Topoyo sub-district, Tabolang village; Makassar strait, Budong-Budong river area. |
655 | Kanum, Smärky | kxq | 6b | 170 | Papua province: Kondo, Rawa Biru, Tomer, Tomerau, and Yanggandur villages, south point bordering Papua New Guinea. |
656 | Liabuku | lix | 8a | 160 | Southeast Sulawesi province: Bungi district, Bau-Bau sub-district; south Buton island Waliabuku village area north of Bau-Bau. |
657 | Aputai | apx | 8b | 150 | Maluku province: Maluku Barat Daya regency; Wetar island, Banda Sea coast, Ilputih village; Wetar strait coast, Lurang village. |
658 | Arguni | agf | 6b | 150 | West Papua province: Fak-Fak district; Arguni island in Maccluer gulf off northwest coast, Bomberai peninsula. |
659 | Waritai | wbe | 6b | 150 | Papua province: Tolikara regency; Taiyeve area south of Idenburg, Mamberama, and Rouffaer rivers’ confluence. |
660 | Punan Merah | puf | 6b | 140 | East Kalimantan province: Kutai Barat regency on Mahakam river. |
661 | Maklew | mgf | 6b | 120 | Papua province: Merauke regency, Welbuti village; south coast area. |
662 | Obokuitai | afz | 6b | 120 | Papua province: Mamberamo Raya regency, Obogwi village on Lakes plain north of Rouffaer river. |
663 | Towei | ttn | 8a | 120 | Papua province: Pegunungan Bintang regency, Towe Hitam village. |
664 | Usku | ulf | 8a | 110 | Papua province: Keerom regency, Usku village west of Sobger river. |
665 | Awbono | awh | 6b | 100 | Papua province: Jayawijaya regency; Modera river area. |
666 | Burate | bti | 7 | 100 | Papua province: Yapen Waropen regency, Waropen Bawah sub-district, 1 village near Wapoga river mouth. |
667 | Diuwe | diy | 6b | 100 | Papua province: Asmat regency, southeast of Wamena city. |
668 | Kanum, Ngkâlmpw | kcd | 6b | 100 | Papua province: Merauke regency, Onggaya, Tomer, and Yanggandur villages south along Papua New Guinea border. |
669 | Kanum, Sota | krz | 6a | 100 | Papua province: Merauke regency, Sota village; south, bordering Papua New Guinea. |
670 | Kofei | kpi | 7 | 100 | Papua province: Mamberamo Raya and Waropen regencies; east side of Cendrawasih bay. |
671 | Kui | kvd | 6b | 100 | East Nusa Tenggara province: Alor regency. Lerabaing and Buraga villages on Alor island (Kui dialect); Kapebang and Sibera villages in Kalabahi bay (Batulolong dialect). |
672 | Kwer | kwr | 6b | 100 | Papua province: Jayawijaya regency, Kurima sub-district, Kwer village; lowlands area at Sirac river headwaters. |
673 | Sauri | srt | 6b | 100 | Papua province: Waropen regency, Sauri-Sirami village on east Cenderawasih bay. |
674 | Tangko | tkx | 6b | 100 | Papua province: Kawemaot village. |
675 | Tefaro | tfo | 6b | 100 | Papua province: Demba and Tefaro villages in east Cenderawasih bay. |
676 | Tobati | tti | 8b | 100 | Papua province: Enggros, Entrop, Kota Raja, Tanah Hitam, and Tobati villages on Jayapura bay. |
677 | Tomadino | tdi | 8a | 100 | Central Sulawesi province: Bungku Tengah sub-district, Sakita village on Tolo bay east coast. |
678 | Mer | mnu | 6b | 85 | Papua province: Nabire regency; West Papua province: Kaimana and Teluk Wondama regencies on central Bird's Head, headwaters of Uremo and Wosimi rivers. |
679 | Itik | itx | 6b | 80 | Papua province: Sarmi regency, north coast on upper Biri river. |
680 | Doutai | tds | 7 | 70 | Papua province: Toli-Dou village southwest of Taiyeve town. |
681 | Yeresiam | ire | 7 | 70 | Papua province: Nabire regency, south Cenderawasih bay, Yamur lake area; West Papua province: Kaimana regency. |
682 | Baras | brs | 8a | 64 | West Sulawesi province: Mamuju Utara regency, Baras sub-district, in and north of Bambaloka village, Karossa sub-district, Salubiro village. |
683 | Dineor | mrx | 8a | 55 | Papua province: Sarmi regency on north coast, Walckenaer bay area. |
684 | Amahai | amq | 8b | 50 | Maluku province: Maluku Tengah regency, 4 villages; Seram island in Elpaputih bay near Masohi town. |
685 | Kayupulau | kzu | 8a | 50 | Papua province: Kota Jayapura city and island in Jayapura harbor. |
686 | Lolak | llq | 8b | 50 | North Sulawesi province: Bolaang Mongondow regency, Lolak sub-district, Lolak, Mongkoinit, Mongkoinit Barat, Tombolango, and Motabang villages. |
687 | Morori | mok | 8b | 50 | Papua province: south coast border area. |
688 | Paku | pku | 8a | 50 | Central Kalimantan province: East Barito regency, Paku district, Bantei Napu, Kalamus, Tampa, and Tarinsing villages. |
689 | Paulohi | plh | 8b | 50 | Maluku province: Maluku Tengah regency, Kecamatan and Amahai villages on Seram island, Elpaputih bay west shore. |
690 | Salas | sgu | 8b | 50 | Maluku province: Seram Bagian Timur regency, Gunung village on Seram island northeast coast. |
691 | Burumakok | aip | 8b | 40 | Papua province: Pegunungan Bintang regency, Kurima sub-district, Burumakok village. |
692 | Ibu | ibu | 8b | 35 | North Maluku province: Halmahera Barat regency, Gamlamo and Gamici villages on north Halmahera island, Iboe river mouth. |
693 | Mor | moq | 8a | 30 | West Papua province: Fakfak regency on northwest Bomberai peninsula, Berau bay inland. |
694 | Namla | naa | 8b | 30 | Papua province: Keerom regency, Senggi sub-district, Namla village. |
695 | Massep | mvs | 8b | 25 | Papua province: Sarmi regency, north coast; also west of Sarmi near Apauwer river. |
696 | Kalao | kly | 7 | 22 | South Sulawesi province: Kepulauan Selayar regency, Selayar islands; east Kalao island. |
697 | Kembra | xkw | 8a | 20 | Papua province: Jayawijaya regency, Okbibab sub-district. |
698 | Mander | mqr | 8b | 20 | Papua province: Sarmi regency, 2 areas on upper Tor river tributary of upper Bu river. |
699 | Kwerisa | kkb | 8b | 15 | Papua province: Mamberamo Raya regency, lower Rouffaer river. |
700 | Liki | lio | 8a | 11 | Papua province: Sarmi regency, Sarmi sub-district, Liki and Nirumoar islands. |
701 | Masimasi | ism | 8b | 10 | Papua province: Sarmi regency, Pantai Timur sub-district, Masi-Masi island off north coast. |
702 | As | asz | 8b | 6 | West Papua province: Sorong regency, Asbaken and Sorong. |
703 | Malay, Bacanese | btj | 8b | 6 | North Maluku province: at least 2 villages on Bacan and Mandioli islands. |
704 | Kanum, Bädi | khd | 8b | 5 | Papua province: Merauke regency, Onggaya village; south coast border area. |
705 | Woria | wor | 8b | 5 | Papua province: Waropen regency, Botawa village; Sanoringga river mouth to interior, and northeast. |
706 | Awera | awr | 9 | 0 | Papua province: Waropen regency, Waropen Bawah sub-district,1 village; east Cenderawasih bay at Wapoga river mouth. |
707 | Duriankere | dbn | 10 | 0 | West Papua province: one island between Salawati island and Bird's Head west end. |
708 | Dusner | dsn | 9 | 0 | West Papua province: Teluk Wondama regency. |
709 | Hoti | hti | 10 | 0 | Maluku province: east Seram island. |
710 | Hukumina | huw | 10 | 0 | Maluku province: Hukumina, Palumata, and Tomahu districts on northwest Buru island. |
711 | Hulung | huk | 10 | 0 | Maluku province: Seram Bagian Barat regency, Hulung village on west Seram island. |
712 | Iha Based Pidgin | ihb | 9 | 0 | West Papua province: Fak Fak regency, Fak Fak Selantan area on Bomberai peninsula south coast. |
713 | Javindo | jvd | 9 | 0 | Central Java province: south. |
714 | Kamarian | kzx | 9 | 0 | Maluku province: Seram Bagian Barat regency, southwest Seram island inland from Ceram strait, Haruku, and Sapura islands. |
715 | Kayeli | kzl | 9 | 0 | Maluku province: Buru regency, northeast Buru island, Kayeli bay area. |
716 | Loun | lox | 10 | 0 | Maluku province: Maluku Tengah regency, north central Seram island. |
717 | Mapia | mpy | 10 | 0 | West Papua province: Manokwari regency, Mapia islands. |
718 | Moksela | vms | 10 | 0 | Maluku province: east Buru island near Kayeli. |
719 | Naka’ela | nae | 10 | 0 | Maluku province: Seram Bagian Barat regency, Taniwel village on Seram island. |
720 | Nila | nil | 10 | 0 | Maluku province: south central Seram island, 6 villages. |
721 | Nusa Laut | nul | 9 | 0 | Maluku province: Maluku Tengah regency, Lease islands and Nusa Laut island in Titawai village. |
722 | Onin Based Pidgin | onx | 9 | 0 | West Papua province: Fak Fak regency, Maruntiri area on Onin peninsula and inland highlands. |
723 | Ponosakan | pns | 9 | 0 | North Sulawesi province: Belang town area. |
724 | Saponi | spi | 10 | 0 | Papua province: Waropen regency, Waropen Bawah sub-district, Botawa village. |
725 | Serua | srw | 10 | 0 | Maluku province: south central Seram island, 4 villages. |
726 | Tambora | xxt | 10 | 0 | West Nusa Tenggara province: central Sumbawa. |
727 | Tandia | tni | 9 | 0 | Papua province: Nabire regency, Bird's Head neck area south of Wandamen peninsula and Wohsimi river; possibly Papua Barat province. |
728 | Te’un | tve | 10 | 0 | Maluku province: 4 villages on central and south central Seram island. |
729 | Ternateño | tmg | 10 | 0 | North Maluku province: Kota Ternate city on Ternate island. |
730 | Bidayuh, Bau | sne | 6b | Unlisted | West Kalimantan: Bengkayang regency, Jagoi Babang sub-district. |
731 | Bidayuh, Bukar-Sadong | sdo | 6a | Unlisted | West Kalimantan province: Sanggau and Sintang regencies; Mount Cemaru, near Sarawak border. |
732 | Chinese, Min Dong | cdo | 8b | Unlisted | Bali and Java provinces: scattered throughout. |
733 | Petjo | pey | 8b | Unlisted | Jakarta Special Capital Region. |
734 | Salawati | xmx | 7 | Unlisted | West Papua province: Raja Ampat regency, northwest Salawati island. |
Malay is an Austronesian language that is an official language of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, and that is also spoken in East Timor and parts of Thailand. Altogether, it is spoken by 290 million people across Maritime Southeast Asia.
Mongondow, or Bolaang Mongondow, is one of the Philippine languages spoken in Bolaang Mongondow Regency and neighbouring regencies of North Sulawesi (Celebes) and Gorontalo Provinces, Indonesia. With more than 200,000 speakers, it is the major language of the regency. Historically, it served as the official language of the Bolaang Mongondow Kingdom.
Uab Meto or Dawan is an Austronesian language spoken by Atoni people of West Timor. The language has a variant spoken in the East Timorese exclave of Oecussi-Ambeno, called Baikenu. Baikenu uses words derived from Portuguese, for example, obrigadu for 'thank you', instead of the Indonesian terima kasih.
The Ibanic languages are a branch of the Malayic languages indigenous to western Borneo. They are spoken by the Ibans and related groups in East Malaysia and the Indonesian province of West Kalimantan. Other Dayak languages, called Land Dayak, which are not Ibanic, are found in the northwest corner of Kalimantan, between Ibanic and non-Ibanic Malayic languages such as Kendayan and the Malay dialects of Sarawak and Pontianak.
The Greater Central Philippine languages are a proposed subgroup of the Austronesian language family, defined by the change of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *R to *g. They are spoken in the central and southern parts of the Philippines, eastern and western parts of Sabah, Malaysia and in northern Sulawesi, Indonesia. This subgroup was first proposed by Robert Blust (1991) based on lexical and phonological evidence, and is accepted by most specialists in the field.
Maʼya is an Austronesian language of the Raja Ampat islands in Southwest Papua, Indonesia. It is part of the South Halmahera–West New Guinea (SHWNG) subgroup and is spoken by about 6,000 people in coastal villages on the islands Misool, Salawati, and Waigeo, on the boundary between Austronesian and Papuan languages.
Ambelau is an Austronesian language; in 1989, it was spoken by about 5,700 Ambelau people, of whom more than 5,000 lived on the Indonesian island Ambelau and most others in the village Wae Tawa of the nearby island Buru.
Kayeli is an extinct Austronesian language once used by the Kayeli people of the Indonesian island Buru. Two dialects were recognized, namely Leliali (Liliali) and Lumaete.
Lisela, also called Li Enyorot, is an Austronesian language; in 1989 it was spoken by about 11,900 Lisela people mostly living in the northern part of Indonesian island Buru. It is also preserved among the small Lisela community on the Ambon Island.
West Makian is a divergent North Halmahera language of Indonesia. It is spoken on the coast near Makian Island, and on the western half of that island.
Kapori (Kapauri) is a Papuan language of Pagai village in Airu District, Jayapura Regency, Papua, Indonesia.
Tofanma or Tofamna is a poorly documented Papuan language of Indonesia. Wurm (1975) placed it as an independent branch of Trans–New Guinea, but Ross (2005) could not find enough evidence to classify it. It appears to be related to Namla, a neighboring language.
Blagar is a Papuan language of Pantar island in the Alor archipelago of Indonesia. The Tereweng dialect spoken on Tereweng Island off the southeast coast of Pantar is sometimes considered a separate language.
Kafoa, or Jafoo, is a Papuan language of Alor Island in the Alor archipelago of Indonesia. Although Kafoa speakers refer to both themselves and their language with the name "Kafoa", this word is not well known in the area. Kafoa speakers are frequently multilingual, also speaking Malay, Klon and Abui. Children are typically initially taught Malay by their parents and later acquire Kafoa after having reached school age.
Lamaholot, also known as Solor or Solorese, is a Central Malayo-Polynesian dialect cluster of Flores, Indonesia. The varieties may not be all mutually intelligible; Keraf (1978) reports that there are 18 languages under the name.
The Komodo language is a language spoken by the extinct Komodo people, and present day inhabitants of Komodo Island, with a small population of speakers on mainland Flores. It belongs to the Austronesian language family, and is a separate language from Manggarai.
Lengilu is a nearly extinct language of Indonesian Borneo. At present, there are only four native speakers of Lengilu.
Kodi is a Sumba language of Indonesia. The population figure may include Gaura, which Ethnologue counts as a dialect of both the Lamboya and Kodi languages. Kodi is an Austronesian language that is mainly spoken in Nusa Tenggara Timur province, the western part of the island of Sumba in eastern Indonesia. An alternate name for Kodi is Kudi and dialects of the language include Kodi Bokol, Kodi Bangedo, Nggaro (Nggaura) and is most alike to Wejewa. With only approximately 20,000 speakers, the Kodi language is an endangered language.
American Sign Language (ASL) developed in the United States, starting as a blend of local sign languages and French Sign Language (FSL). Local varieties have developed in many countries, but there is little research on which should be considered dialects of ASL and which have diverged to the point of being distinct languages.