Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie

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This is a list of the member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie . These governments belong to an international organisation representing countries and regions where French is the first ("mother") or customary language, where a significant proportion of the population are francophones (French speakers) or where there is a notable affiliation with French culture. [1] [2] [3]

Contents

List of member, associate, observer states

Member states

CountryJoinedLanguageNotes
Flag of Albania.svg  Albania 1999 Albanian Brief French protectorate in Korçë between 1916 and 1920. Approximately 30% of young Albanians choose French as their first foreign language. [4] Albania is home to 300,000 French speakers, and it is the second foreign language of education after English.
Flag of Andorra.svg  Andorra 2004 Catalan Formerly part of First French Empire. The President of France is also a Co-Prince of Andorra.
Flag of Armenia.svg  Armenia 2012 Armenian See further: Armenia-France relations
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 1970officially trilingual, French includedFrench is the native language of about 39% of the population [5] 48% are non-native speakers of French. [6] Belgium's French community is also a member separately. See also: Languages of Belgium and Belgian French
* Flag of Wallonia.svg French Community of Belgium [lower-alpha 1] 1980French as official languageA community of Belgium with its two components Wallonia (excluding the German-speaking community) and Brussels-Capital Region (its French-speaking majority)
Flag of Benin.svg  Benin 1970FrenchFormer French colony
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria 1993 Bulgarian French is spoken as a foreign language by 9% of the Bulgarian people, and taught as a main foreign language in about 25% of primary schools. Furthermore, French is studied by 7.7% of high school students. [7] [8]
Flag of Burkina Faso.svg  Burkina Faso 1970FrenchFormer French colony. Membership suspended in 2022 due to a coup.
Flag of Burundi.svg  Burundi 1970 officially trilingual, FrenchFormer Belgian UN-protectorate
Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia 1993 Khmer Former French protectorate (as a part of former French Indochina)
Flag of Cameroon.svg  Cameroon 1991officially bilingual, French includedOver 90% of country was a French protectorate (1945–1959)
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 1970 Officially bilingual, French includedThe provinces of Quebec and New Brunswick are participating governments; much of eastern Canada was part of the first French colonial empire. As of 2004, a government representative from Ontario also attends as part of the Canadian delegation, although Ontario is not yet a participating government in its own right.
* Flag of New Brunswick.svg  New Brunswick [lower-alpha 2] 1977officially bilingual, French includedConsidered a "participating government", this province of Canada is officially bilingual English-French and home to the largest community of Acadians.
* Flag of Quebec.svg  Quebec [lower-alpha 2] 1971FrenchConsidered a "participating government", this province of Canada has French as its official language and is home to 85% of Canada's native francophones.
Flag of Cape Verde.svg  Cape Verde 1996 Portuguese French is spoken as a foreign language by ~11% of the population as of 2014
Flag of the Central African Republic.svg  Central African Republic 1973officially bilingual, French includedFormer French colony. The Central African Republic was suspended for instances of la Francophonie at the 88th session of the CPF in March 2012. [9]
Flag of Chad.svg  Chad 1970officially bilingual, French includedFormer French colony
Flag of the Comoros.svg  Comoros 1977officially trilingual, French includedFormer French colony
Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg  Congo-Brazzaville 1981FrenchFormer French colony
Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg  Congo-Kinshasa 1977FrenchFormer Belgian colony. See also: Languages of the DRC
Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg  Côte d'Ivoire 1970French Former French colony. See also: Languages of Côte d'Ivoire
Flag of Djibouti.svg  Djibouti 1977officially bilingual, French included Former French colony
Flag of Dominica.svg  Dominica 1979 English French and then British colony; Antillean Creole, a French-based creole language, is spoken by 90% of the population.
Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt 1983 Arabic French sees use as foreign language in education and the country was a French colony for a short period from 1798 to 1801
Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg  Equatorial Guinea 1989officially trilingual, French includedCountry surrounded by French-speaking countries. Former Spanish colony
Flag of France.svg  France 1970FrenchFounder, origin of the French language
Flag of Gabon.svg  Gabon 1970FrenchFormer French colony
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 2004 Greek French spoken as a foreign language by ~7% of the population as of 2014
Flag of Guinea.svg  Guinea 1981FrenchFormer French colony. Membership suspended in 2021 due to a coup.
Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg  Guinea-Bissau 1979 Portuguese Country surrounded by French-speaking countries. Former Portuguese colony. Guinea-Bissau was suspended on 18 April 2012 following a coup d'état. [10]
Flag of Haiti.svg  Haiti 1970officially bilingual, French included Former French colony
Flag of Laos.svg  Laos 1991 Lao Former French colony (as a part of former French Indochina)
Flag of Lebanon.svg  Lebanon 1973Arabic and French [lower-alpha 3] Under a French mandate from 1920 to 1943
Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg 1970 Officially trilingual, French included
Flag of North Macedonia.svg  North Macedonia 2001 Macedonian French spoken as a foreign language by ~11% of the population as of 2014
Flag of Madagascar.svg  Madagascar 1970–1977,
1989
officially bilingual, French includedFormer French colony
Flag of Mali.svg  Mali 1970FrenchFormer French colony. Mali's membership was suspended in March 2012 due to a coup, [11] and again in 2020.
Flag of Mauritania.svg  Mauritania 1980ArabicFormer French colony, French is an administrative language. Mauritania's membership was suspended on 26 August 2008, pending democratic elections, after a military coup d'état, [12] then again in April 2009. [13]
Flag of Mauritius.svg  Mauritius 1970Creole is the mother tongue. French and English are also widely usedDutch, French, and then British colony; French is widely used in commerce and by the media.[ citation needed ] French is also a language of instruction in schools.[ citation needed ]
Flag of Moldova.svg  Moldova 1996 Romanian French spoken as a foreign language by ~2% of the population as of 2014
Flag of Monaco.svg  Monaco 1970FrenchIndependent country enclaved in France
Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco 1981Arabic and BerberFormer French and Spanish protectorate
Flag of Niger.svg  Niger 1970FrenchFormer French colony. Membership suspended due to a coup in 2023.
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 1993 Romanian French is understood and spoken by 26% of the population. [6]
Flag of Rwanda.svg  Rwanda 1970 officially quadralingual, French includedFormer Belgian UN-protectorate. In 2009, became a member of the Commonwealth, but remains a member within Francophonie.
Flag of Saint Lucia.svg  Saint Lucia 1981EnglishFormer French and British colony. Antillean Creole, a French-based creole language, is spoken by 90% of the population.
Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg  São Tomé and Príncipe 1999PortugueseFrench spoken as a foreign language by ~20% of the population as of 2014
Flag of Senegal.svg  Senegal 1970FrenchFormer French colony
Flag of Seychelles.svg  Seychelles 1976officially trilingual, French includedFormer French colony (first empire), later British colony, French is commonly used
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland 1996 Officially quadrilingual, French includedFrench is the native language of about 20% of all Swiss.
Flag of Togo (3-2).svg  Togo 1970FrenchFormer French colony
Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia 1970ArabicFormer French protectorate
Flag of Vanuatu.svg  Vanuatu 1979 officially trilingual Former French and British condominium of New Hebrides
Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam 1970 Vietnamese Former French protectorate

Associate states

CountryJoinedLanguageNotes
Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus 2006English, Greek, Turkish Cyprus was ruled by the French-origin Lusignan dynasty from 1192 until 1489. About 12% of the Cyprus population speaks and understands French.
Flag of Ghana.svg  Ghana 2006EnglishAll land borders with French-speaking countries (all former colonies of French West Africa) and trade partners. Study of French is being made compulsory at the basic educational level and certain subjects will be taught in both English and French. Became Associate Member in 2006. [14]
Flag of Kosovo.svg  Kosovo 2014Albanian and Serbian Traditional diplomatic and commercial ties with France. French is taught as a third language in most secondary schools. See further: France-Kosovo relations
Flags of New Caledonia.svg  New Caledonia 2016French and New Caledonian languages Special collectivity of France. Former French colony (1853–1946) and overseas territory (1946–1999)
Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar 2012ArabicStrong military ties with France. See further: France-Qatar relations
Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia 2006SerbianTraditional diplomatic, military and cultural ties with France. French is widely taught as a second foreign language in schools. See further: France-Serbia relations
Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates 2010ArabicMilitary and cultural ties with France See further: France-United Arab Emirates relations

Observer states

CountryJoinedLanguageNotes
Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 2016 Spanish and others

Argentina has a large French community. Today more than six million Argentines have some degree of French ancestry (up to 17% of the total population). [15]

Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 2004 German Strong ties with Belgium, a Francophone country located to the north of France. Roughly 11% of the population also speaks French as a foreign language as of 2014.
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina 2010 Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian
Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica 2014SpanishFrench is the second compulsory language in middle school.
Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia 2004CroatianPart of the Illyrian Provinces under Napoleon's French Empire. See further: Croatia-France relations
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czechia 1999 Czech ~2% of the population speaks French as a foreign language as of 2014.
Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic 2010SpanishFrench colony from 1795 to 1808.
Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia 2010 Estonian ~1% of the population speaks French as a foreign language as of 2014.
Flag of The Gambia.svg  Gambia 2018EnglishBorder with Senegal, a French-speaking country.
Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia 2004 Georgian ~0.4% of the population speaks French as a foreign language as of 2014.
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 2004 Hungarian
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland 2018English and Irish French is the second most common foreign language spoken at home in Ireland (after Polish), and most commonly spoken by those born in Ireland. [16]
Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia 2008 Latvian ~1% of the population speaks French as a foreign language as of 2014.
Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania 1999 Lithuanian ~2% of the population speaks French as a foreign language as of 2014.
* Flag of Louisiana.svg  Louisiana [lower-alpha 4] 2018English U.S. state with a francophone minority. Once part of the first French colonial empire now it is home to a strong influence of Cajun, Creole, and Haitian language and culture. Use of the French language in Louisiana is promoted through the Council for the Development of French in Louisiana, a state agency that is responsible for preserving the state's "French heritage". [17]
Flag of Malta.svg  Malta 2018 Maltese and EnglishFormerly occupied by France.
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 2014SpanishA large number of French immigrants arrived in Mexico since the 1830s and today number over six million French descendants. [18] Second Mexican Empire, a puppet state of the Second French Empire under Napoleon III. [19]
Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro 2010 Montenegrin Part of the Illyrian Provinces under Napoleon's French Empire.
Flag of Mozambique.svg  Mozambique 2006PortugueseTrading partner across the Mozambique Channel with French-speaking and the former French colony of Madagascar.
* Flag of Ontario.svg  Ontario [lower-alpha 2] 2016English [lower-alpha 5] A province of Canada whose area was once a part of the Pays d'en Haut region of New France and is home to a francophone minority, the Franco-Ontarians. Although French is an official language in the province's judiciary, legislature, and educational system the province as a whole is not officially bilingual with other French-language provincial services not offered province-wide. However, Ontario's French Language Services Act does require Ontario government departments to provide French-language services in areas with significant francophone populations and recognizes the French language as a "historic language of Ontario".
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 1996 Polish Long-standing cultural and historic ties Henry III of France was King of Poland from 1573 to 1574 and the Duchy of Warsaw was a client state allied with the First French Empire from 1807 to 1815. France was home to notable Polish émigrés including Adam Mickiewicz, Frédéric Chopin, and Marie Skłodowska-Curie.
Flag of South Korea.svg  Republic of Korea 2016 Korean The Joseon Dynasty was invaded twice by the Second French Empire during the 19th century. Furthermore, the Catholic population grew as a result of French Jesuit missionaries in the country. See further: France-South Korea relations
Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia 2002 Slovak
Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia 1999 Slovene Part of the Illyrian Provinces under Napoleon's French Empire
Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand 2008 Thai Thailand has a history of international relations with France for more than 300 years, since the Ayutthaya Kingdom of Thailand. See further: Thailand-France relations
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 2006 Ukrainian
Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay 2012Spanish

Note:
  Participation suspended

Other candidates

Some countries could also potentially join the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie on the basis of being part of the French colonial empire, including Algeria, [20] [21] [22] Syria, Pondicherry and Chandannagar regions of India. [lower-alpha 6] In 2016, Saudi Arabia applied to join the organisation despite having no historical colonial ties with France. [23] However, the Saudis withdrew their bid in October 2018 due to pressure over their human rights record. [24] In 2021, German state of Saarland applied to join the organisation as observer because it was once a French protectorate from 1947 to 1956 two years after dissolution of Nazi Germany in 1945. [lower-alpha 7] [25] In 2022, Brazil applied to join the organisation as observer because neighbouring with the French Guiana at the north and west have historical site named Fort Coligny in Rio de Janeiro built by French naval officer Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon in 1555. [26]

Notes

  1. Belgian linguistic community
  2. 1 2 3 Canadian provinces
  3. French is the secondary language in Lebanon
  4. U.S. state
  5. French is a regional administrative language in Ontario
  6. Indian cities
  7. German state

See also

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References

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  2. Radio France International, 16 February 2006
  3. "La France à l'heure de la francophonie culturelle " Saisir du français pour l'imprégner de sa singularité ! "". RFI. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
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  5. Ginsburgh, Victor, UCLouvain; Weber, Shlomo, Professor Economy and Director of the Center for Economic Studies of the Southern Methodist University (June 2006). "La dynamique des langues en Belgique". Regards économiques, Publication préparée par les économistes de l'Université catholique de Louvain (in French). 19 (Numéro 42): 282–9. doi: 10.1159/000013462 . PMID   10213829. Les enquêtes montrent que la Flandre est bien plus multilingue, ce qui est sans doute un fait bien connu, mais la différence est considérable : alors que 59 % et 53 % des Flamands connaissent le français ou l'anglais respectivement, seulement 19 % et 17 % des Wallons connaissent le néerlandais ou l'anglais. ... 95 pour cent des Bruxellois déclarent parler le français, alors que ce pourcentage tombe à 59 pour cent pour le néerlandais. Quant à l'anglais, il est connu par une proportion importante de la population à Bruxelles (41 pour cent). ... Le syndrome d'H (...) frappe la Wallonie, où à peine 19 et 17 pour cent de la population parlent respectivement le néerlandais et l'anglais.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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  11. "Mali – Organisation internationale de la Francophonie". Francophonie.org. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
  12. "L’OIF suspend la Mauritanie", Radio France Internationale, 27 August 2008
  13. "Madagascar – Organisation internationale de la Francophonie". Francophonie.org. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
  14. "Ghana joins La Francophonie". Graphic Online.
  15. "Canal Académie: Les merveilleux francophiles argentins–1". Il faut savoir qu'en 2006, 17% d'Argentins ont un ancêtre venu de France. Près de 6 millions d'Argentins ont donc des origines françaises.
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  19. Jones, Howard (2002). Crucible of Power:A History of American Foreign Relations to 1913. Lanham, Maryland: SR Books. p. 212. ISBN   0-8420-2916-8.
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  23. "Saudi Arabia's embarrassing bid to join the Francophonie family". France24. 10 October 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
  24. "Saudi Arabia withdraws bid to join Francophonie group". France24. 11 October 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
  25. "Le Land de Sarre : un succès francophone en Allemagne". saarland.de (in French). Ministerium der Finanzen und für Wissenschaft. 19 March 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
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