Regular octagram | |
---|---|
Type | Regular star polygon |
Edges and vertices | 8 |
Schläfli symbol | {8/3} t{4/3} |
Coxeter–Dynkin diagrams | |
Symmetry group | Dihedral (D8) |
Internal angle (degrees) | 45° |
Properties | star, cyclic, equilateral, isogonal, isotoxal |
Dual polygon | self |
Star polygons |
---|
In geometry, an octagram is an eight-angled star polygon.
The name octagram combine a Greek numeral prefix, octa- , with the Greek suffix -gram . The -gram suffix derives from γραμμή (grammḗ) meaning "line". [1]
In general, an octagram is any self-intersecting octagon (8-sided polygon).
The regular octagram is labeled by the Schläfli symbol {8/3}, which means an 8-sided star, connected by every third point.
These variations have a lower dihedral, Dih4, symmetry:
Narrow Wide (45 degree rotation) | Isotoxal | An old Flag of Chile contained this octagonal star geometry with edges removed (the Guñelve). | The regular octagonal star is very popular as a symbol of rowing clubs in the Cologne Lowland, as seen on the club flag of the Cologne Rowing Association. | The geometry can be adjusted so 3 edges cross at a single point, like the Auseklis symbol | An 8-point compass rose can be seen as an octagonal star, with 4 primary points, and 4 secondary points. |
The symbol Rub el Hizb is a Unicode glyph ۞ at U+06DE.
Deeper truncations of the square can produce isogonal (vertex-transitive) intermediate star polygon forms with equal spaced vertices and two edge lengths. A truncated square is an octagon, t{4}={8}. A quasitruncated square, inverted as {4/3}, is an octagram, t{4/3}={8/3}. [2]
The uniform star polyhedron stellated truncated hexahedron, t'{4,3}=t{4/3,3} has octagram faces constructed from the cube in this way. It may be considered for this reason as a three-dimensional analogue of the octagram.
Regular | Quasiregular | Isogonal | Quasiregular |
---|---|---|---|
{4} | t{4}={8} | t'{4}=t{4/3}={8/3} | |
Regular | Uniform | Isogonal | Uniform |
{4,3} | t{4,3} | t'{4,3}=t{4/3,3} |
Another three-dimensional version of the octagram is the nonconvex great rhombicuboctahedron (quasirhombicuboctahedron), which can be thought of as a quasicantellated (quasiexpanded) cube, t0,2{4/3,3}.
There are two regular octagrammic star figures (compounds) of the form {8/k}, the first constructed as two squares {8/2}=2{4}, and second as four degenerate digons, {8/4}=4{2}. There are other isogonal and isotoxal compounds including rectangular and rhombic forms.
Regular | Isogonal | Isotoxal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
a{8}={8/2}=2{4} | {8/4}=4{2} |
{8/2} or 2{4}, like Coxeter diagrams + , can be seen as the 2D equivalent of the 3D compound of cube and octahedron, + , 4D compound of tesseract and 16-cell, + and 5D compound of 5-cube and 5-orthoplex; that is, the compound of a n-cube and cross-polytope in their respective dual positions.
An octagonal star can be seen as a concave hexadecagon, with internal intersecting geometry erased. It can also be dissected by radial lines.
star polygon | Concave | Central dissections | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Compound 2{4} | |8/2| | |||
Regular {8/3} | |8/3| | |||
Isogonal | ||||
Isotoxal |
A heptagram, septagram, septegram or septogram is a seven-point star drawn with seven straight strokes.
In geometry, a prism is a polyhedron comprising an n-sided polygon base, a second base which is a translated copy of the first, and n other faces, necessarily all parallelograms, joining corresponding sides of the two bases. All cross-sections parallel to the bases are translations of the bases. Prisms are named after their bases, e.g. a prism with a pentagonal base is called a pentagonal prism. Prisms are a subclass of prismatoids.
In geometry, a star polygon is a type of non-convex polygon. Regular star polygons have been studied in depth; while star polygons in general appear not to have been formally defined, certain notable ones can arise through truncation operations on regular simple or star polygons.
In geometry, an icosagon or 20-gon is a twenty-sided polygon. The sum of any icosagon's interior angles is 3240 degrees.
In geometry, the Schläfli symbol is a notation of the form that defines regular polytopes and tessellations.
In geometry, a triacontagon or 30-gon is a thirty-sided polygon. The sum of any triacontagon's interior angles is 5040 degrees.
In geometry, a vertex figure, broadly speaking, is the figure exposed when a corner of a polyhedron or polytope is sliced off.
The Star of Lakshmi is a special octagram, a regular compound polygon, represented by Schläfli symbol {8/2} or 2{4}, made from two congruent squares with the same center at 45° angles, and figures in Hinduism, commonly misattributed to Ashtalakshmi, the eight forms, or "kinds of wealth", of the goddess Lakshmi.
In geometry, a uniform polyhedron has regular polygons as faces and is vertex-transitive—there is an isometry mapping any vertex onto any other. It follows that all vertices are congruent. Uniform polyhedra may be regular, quasi-regular, or semi-regular. The faces and vertices don't need to be convex, so many of the uniform polyhedra are also star polyhedra.
In geometry, the stellated truncated hexahedron (or quasitruncated hexahedron, and stellatruncated cube) is a uniform star polyhedron, indexed as U19. It has 14 faces (8 triangles and 6 octagrams), 36 edges, and 24 vertices. It is represented by Schläfli symbol t'{4,3} or t{4/3,3}, and Coxeter-Dynkin diagram, . It is sometimes called quasitruncated hexahedron because it is related to the truncated cube, , except that the square faces become inverted into {8/3} octagrams.
In geometry, a truncation is an operation in any dimension that cuts polytope vertices, creating a new facet in place of each vertex. The term originates from Kepler's names for the Archimedean solids.
In geometry, an alternation or partial truncation, is an operation on a polygon, polyhedron, tiling, or higher dimensional polytope that removes alternate vertices.
In mathematics, a hexadecagon is a sixteen-sided polygon.
In geometry, an octadecagon or 18-gon is an eighteen-sided polygon.
In geometry, a decagram is a 10-point star polygon. There is one regular decagram, containing the vertices of a regular decagon, but connected by every third point. Its Schläfli symbol is {10/3}.
In geometry, an icositetragon or 24-gon is a twenty-four-sided polygon. The sum of any icositetragon's interior angles is 3960 degrees.
In geometry, a dodecagram is a star polygon or compound with 12 vertices. There is one regular dodecagram polygon. There are also 4 regular compounds {12/2},{12/3},{12/4}, and {12/6}.
In geometry, an enneagram is a nine-pointed plane figure. It is sometimes called a nonagram, nonangle, or enneagon.