RAF Mount Pleasant

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RAF Mount Pleasant
Ensign of the Royal Air Force.svg
Near Stanley, East Falkland in the Falkland Islands
Mount Pleasant Airport - Donald Morrison.jpg
Aerial view of RAF Mount Pleasant
Raf mount pleasant badge.png
Defend the Right
Falkland Islands location map.svg
Red pog.svg
RAF Mount Pleasant
Location in Falkland Islands
Coordinates 51°49′22″S058°26′50″W / 51.82278°S 58.44722°W / -51.82278; -58.44722
TypePermanent Joint Operating Base
Site information
Owner Ministry of Defence
Operator Royal Air Force
Controlled by British Forces South Atlantic Islands
ConditionOperational
Website Official website
Site history
Built1985 (1985)
In use1985 – present
Garrison information
Occupants
Airfield information
Identifiers IATA: MPN, ICAO: EGYP, WMO: 88889
Elevation71.1 metres (233 ft) AMSL
Runways
Direction Length and surface
10/282,589 metres (8,494 ft)  Asphalt concrete
05/231,525 metres (5,003 ft) Asphalt concrete
Source: UK Military Aeronautical Information Publication – Mount Pleasant (EGYP) [1]

RAF Mount Pleasant( IATA : MPN, ICAO : EGYP) (also known as Mount Pleasant Airport, Mount Pleasant Complex or MPA) [2] is a Royal Air Force station in the British Overseas Territory of the Falkland Islands. The airfield goes by the motto of "Defend the right" [3] (while the motto of the islands is "Desire the right") and is part of the British Forces South Atlantic Islands (BFSAI). Home to between 1,000 and 2,000 British military personnel, it is about 33 miles (53 km) southwest of Stanley, [4] the capital of the Falklands, on the island of East Falkland. The world's longest corridor, 2,600 feet (800 m) long, links the barracks, messes, and recreational and welfare areas of the station, and was nicknamed the "Death Star Corridor" by personnel due to its drab and foreboding ambience, before it was re-designed, re-painted, and re-named "Millennium Corridor". [5]

Contents

Mount Pleasant was opened by Prince Andrew on 12 May 1985, becoming fully operational the following year. The station was constructed as part of British efforts to strengthen the defence of the Falkland Islands following the Falklands War. It remains the newest purpose-built RAF station and replaced previous RAF facilities at Port Stanley Airport.

History

Falklands War

RAF Mount Pleasant is the newest permanent airfield in the Royal Air Force. The RAF previously had a small airfield at Port Stanley Airport after the end of the hostilities in 1982. During the Falklands War when the islands were occupied by Argentine military forces, British aircraft were sent to disable the runway with RAF Strike Command Vulcan bombers (Operation Black Buck) and Royal Navy Sea Harriers. The first two Black Buck missions were flown under tactics to make it reasonably probable at least one of twenty-one 1,000-pound bombs dropped would hit the target. [6] On the first mission one 1,000-pound (450 kg) bomb hit the edge of the runway. The damage was easily repaired by Argentine engineers. C-130 Hercules transport aircraft were able to bring in supplies and take out casualties until the end of the conflict using one side of the runway. Pucará, Fokkers and Aermacchi AM-339 fast-jet fighters also operated from the runway from the first until the last day of the campaign. The second Black Buck mission failed to hit the runway. No Argentine aircraft were moved north to defend Buenos Aires. At the end of hostilities, the runway was fully repaired by British military engineers. [7]

After the surrender of the Argentine ground forces on the islands, the British still faced the problem of potential Argentine air attacks from Argentina, so an aircraft carrier had to remain on station to guard the islands with its squadron of Sea Harriers until the local airfield was prepared for jet aircraft. HMS Hermes was the first to take guard duty, whilst HMS Invincible went north to change a main engine at sea. [8] Invincible then returned to relieve Hermes which urgently needed to return to the UK for boiler cleaning. Invincible returned until she was relieved by the newly built HMS Illustrious, which was quickly rushed south and commissioned during the journey. Once the Port Stanley runway was available for jets, Illustrious was relieved by 23 Squadron operating the F-4 Phantom FGR.2. Initially stationed at RAF Stanley, the unit moved to Mount Pleasant upon its opening. [9]

Construction

In order to deter further Argentine aggression or invasion attempts, the British Government considered it necessary to enhance the military presence in the Falklands. However, the temporary military airfield at RAF Stanley was restricted by the length and strength of its runway. [10] Therefore, in June 1983, the British Government announced that a new military airfield would be constructed at Mount Pleasant, the option being considered to be more cost effective and straightforward than upgrading RAF Stanley. It would also allow RAF Stanley to remain operational whilst the new airfield was constructed. [11]

The Ministry of Defence reached a voluntary agreement to purchase 8,300 acres (3,400 ha) of farmland for £55,000, with severance compensation assessed at £100,000. To allow existing agricultural operations to continue, Mount Pleasant House and other farm facilities were relocated at a cost of £83,877. [12]

The airfield at Mount Pleasant was constructed by Mowlem-Laing Amey Roadstone Construction, a consortium of British civil engineering and construction firms Mowlem, John Laing Group and Amey plc. At the construction stage the airfield was called the Falkland Island Strategic Airfield or FISA [11] and was designed to accommodate military as well as civil wide-body aircraft, enabling efficiencies in the running costs and time taken to support the Falklands garrison. The construction and shipping of materials to the Falklands was expected to cost approximately £190 million. Additional costs included the provision of a road between Stanley and Mount Pleasant and the installation of communication and navigation aids, bringing the overall cost to approximately £215m. Construction began in Autumn 1983 and the new runway was expected to be available for use by April 1985, with the wider airfield complete by February 1986. [11]

RAF Mount Pleasant was opened by Prince Andrew (who saw active duty during the Falklands War while serving in the Fleet Air Arm) on 12 May 1985 and became fully operational on 1 May 1986. [13]

Protecting the Falklands

Mount Pleasant's first flying unit, No. 23 Squadron, equipped with four McDonnell Douglas Phantom FGR.2, arrived from RAF Stanley on 21 April 1986. The Phantoms were joined by No. 78 Squadron on 22 May 1986, which was reformed from the former No. 1310 Flight, operating the Boeing Chinook HC1 and No. 1564 Flight, operating the Westland Sea King HAR3. [14] Later in 1986, two Lockheed C-130 Hercules C1K of No. 1312 Flight, operating in the air-to-air refuelling role, moved to Mount Pleasant to support the Phantoms. [15]

Two Panavia Tornado F3 of No. 1435 Flight patrolling the skies over the Falkland Islands. Tornado F3's flying over the Falkland islands. MOD 45147767.jpg
Two Panavia Tornado F3 of No. 1435 Flight patrolling the skies over the Falkland Islands.

Responsibility for the air-defence and of the Falklands and the Phantoms of No. 23 Squadron were transferred to No. 1435 Flight on 1 November 1988. Subsequently, the flight's Phantoms were replaced when four Panavia Tornado F3 arrived in the Falklands in July 1992. [16]

No. 1312 Flight's Hercules C1K were withdrawn in April 1996, with the flight gaining a Vickers VC10 K4 for air-to-air refuelling and C-130 Hercules C3 in the transport role. [15]

Typhoon FGR4 of 1435 Flight Typhoon Over the Falklands MOD 45157164.jpg
Typhoon FGR4 of 1435 Flight

In September 2009, the Falklands' air-defence capability was enhanced when No. 1435 Flight's Tornado F3s were replaced by the Eurofighter Typhoon FGR4 in the quick reaction alert (QRA) role, at a cost of £1.56 million. To accommodate the Typhoon, a further £416,000 was spent on infrastructure improvements to the airfield. [17] As of 2024, the Tranche 1 variant of the Typhoon is deployed in the islands. [18]

As part of the RAF's wider upgrade of their Hercules, the C3 variant of No. 1312 Flight was replaced with a C-130J C5 in April 2010. A Lockheed TriStar K1 took over the air-to-air refuelling role from the VC10 K4 in October 2013, when the latter was withdrawn from RAF service. The TriStar itself was soon replaced, in February 2014, by an Airbus A330 Voyager KC3. [15]

Chinook helicopters provided heavy-lift support until they were withdrawn in 2006. In 2015, the Chinooks were redeployed to Mount Pleasant. A flight of Westland Sea King helicopters for support and search and rescue was located at Mount Pleasant from November 2007 until April 2016. [19]

Prince William served as a Sea King pilot on the station for six weeks during February and March 2012. [20]

As of 1 April 2016, with the retirement of Westland Sea King the Islands' search and rescue function has been replaced by a commercial organisation, AAR, subcontracting the services to British International Helicopters for 10 years using two new AgustaWestland AW189s. [21]

1312 Flight's Lockheed Martin C-130 Hercules, used for transport, search and rescue, and maritime patrol, was replaced with an Airbus A400M Atlas C1 in April 2018. [22]

Facilities

Mount Pleasant Complex has a wide range of social and sporting facilities including a gym, swimming pool, golf course, diving centre, kart racing, Laser Quest, library, cinema, bowling, climbing wall, and indoor and outdoor sports pitches. As of August 2010, it has the only cricket ground in the Falklands. There are two NAAFI shops, a NAAFI Bar, a Costa Coffee café, hairdressers, a medical centre, and an education centre on the base. BFBS Radio also maintains a live local station on the site. There is also a complex that includes a small shop which is owned and run by the Falkland Islands Company. [23]

Role and operations

A Eurofighter Typhoon FGR4 landing at RAF Mount Pleasant in 2009. As of 2024, the Tranche 1 variant of the Typhoon is deployed in the islands. RAF Typhoon, Falkland Islands (7413025058).jpg
A Eurofighter Typhoon FGR4 landing at RAF Mount Pleasant in 2009. As of 2024, the Tranche 1 variant of the Typhoon is deployed in the islands.

The station provides a base for air-defence and transport operations in the south Atlantic and is home to No. 905 Expeditionary Air Wing, part of British Forces South Atlantic Islands. The wing comprises two RAF flights, which operate a range of aircraft:

Additionally, the civilian firm, Bristow Helicopters (BIH), operates two Sikorsky S-92 for personnel and equipment transport and also flies two AgustaWestland AW189s for search and rescue operations. [25] [26]

The British Army maintains a garrison on the Falkland Islands based at Mount Pleasant. It includes a roulement infantry company, an air defence surface-to-air missile unit, an Explosive Ordinance Disposal detachment, engineers and supporting elements. [27] [28]

There is also a Joint Communications Unit (JCU) providing the electronic warfare and command and control systems for the Royal Navy, British Army and Royal Air Force. [29]

Based units

Units based at Mount Pleasant Complex. [30] [31]

Royal Air Force

British Army

Royal Navy (Operating from Mare Harbour facilities five miles from the Mount Pleasant complex)

Joint service units

Civilian

Airlines and destinations

Mount Pleasant Complex entrance sign, outside the air terminal Entrance sign, British Forces South Atlantic Islands Mount Pleasant Complex.jpg
Mount Pleasant Complex entrance sign, outside the air terminal

Using the IATA airport code MPN, Mount Pleasant Complex also acts as the Falkland Islands' only international airport, along with its military role. Flights open to civilian passengers are operated twice each week. The Hercules C-130 Transport Force operating out of RAF Lyneham supplied a direct non-stop service from RAF Lyneham via Ascension, Wideawake Airfield. From Ascension the flight was direct involving in-flight refuelling from a C-130 tanker. The flight duration was usually about 12 hours down and 13 hours back. The last scheduled flight in the world involving in-flight refuelling was carried out by a crew of 24 Squadron in C-130 XV291 during the period 18–23 March 1989. This was the 650th and last of its type carried out by RAF Lyneham C-130s. Flights were then operated directly by the RAF using the Lockheed TriStars of 216 Squadron. Starting in autumn 2008, [37] these flights were operated on behalf of the Royal Air Force by a civilian airline, Flyglobespan. Since the airline's bankruptcy in 2009, the flights have been operated by Air Tahiti Nui, Titan Airways, Air Seychelles and Hi Fly. [38] The service is now operated by AirTanker using Airbus Voyager aircraft. [39] Up to 2022, they flew to and from RAF Brize Norton in Oxfordshire, with a refuelling stop at Cape Verde because the runway at RAF Ascension Island was closed. [40] [41] With the opening of one side of the runway at Ascension in 2022, normal flights could resume. Repairs to both sides of the runway at Ascension Island were fully completed in Spring of 2023. [42] [43]

On 2 March 2012, the Argentinian President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner called for Aerolíneas Argentinas flights to Buenos Aires to replace LATAM Airlines flights to Chile. The idea of flights to Argentina was not supported on the islands, because this might result in Argentina having a monopoly on commercial flights and controlling all commercial air access. [44] [45]

On 2 April 2012, Uruguayan company Air Class Líneas Aéreas gained permission from the Uruguayan Ministry of Defence to start a commercial flight to the Falkland Islands. [46]

Scheduled

AirlinesDestinations
AirTanker Charter: RAF Brize Norton
LATAM Chile Punta Arenas, Rio Gallegos

Unscheduled

AirlinesDestinations
FIGAS [47] [48] Stanley, other settlements on the Falklands

Climate data

Climate data for RAF Mount Pleasant, 1999–2012
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)15.1
(59.2)		14.7
(58.5)		13.0
(55.4)		9.8
(49.6)		7.0
(44.6)		4.9
(40.8)		4.3
(39.7)		5.5
(41.9)		7.4
(45.3)		10.1
(50.2)		12.0
(53.6)		14.0
(57.2)		9.8
(49.6)
Daily mean °C (°F)10.9
(51.6)		10.6
(51.1)		9.3
(48.7)		6.8
(44.2)		4.5
(40.1)		2.7
(36.9)		2.2
(36.0)		3.0
(37.4)		4.4
(39.9)		6.4
(43.5)		7.9
(46.2)		9.7
(49.5)		6.5
(43.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)6.6
(43.9)		6.6
(43.9)		5.5
(41.9)		3.7
(38.7)		2.1
(35.8)		0.5
(32.9)		0.1
(32.2)		0.5
(32.9)		1.3
(34.3)		2.7
(36.9)		3.9
(39.0)		5.5
(41.9)		3.3
(37.9)
Average precipitation days232123242626252421212323280
Source: WeatherSpark [49]

See also

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References

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  15. 1 2 3 "# 1332, Voyager KC3, 1312 Flt". Squadron Prints. Archived from the original on 18 April 2018. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
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  21. ↑ Jennings, Gareth (19 January 2015). "UK awards Falklands SAR contract to AAR Airlift". Jane's Defence Weekly . Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
  22. 1 2 "Atlas A400M replaces Hercules at Falklands' Mount Pleasant Complex". MercoPress. 4 April 2018. Archived from the original on 9 April 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
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  37. ↑ "Falkland Wool Growers Report for Week Ending 16 July 2004 - Falkland Islands News". sartma.com. Archived from the original on 25 May 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2008.
  38. ↑ "Airbridge - Flights". Archived from the original on 4 February 2010.
  39. ↑ "AIR-BRIDGE MAINTENANCE". Press release. Falkland Islands Government. 24 April 2014. Archived from the original on 20 September 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
  40. ↑ "Ascension Island closed to heavy aircraft until 2019/2020". ch-aviation.com. Archived from the original on 18 May 2017. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  41. ↑ "Ascension Island runway may not be repaired until 2022". UK Defence Journal. 13 August 2019. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  42. ↑ Cisneros, Mila (2 March 2022). "Atlantic runway repair reaches halfway point". Air Force Installation and Mission Support Center . Retrieved 5 October 2022.
  43. ↑ Cisneros, Mila (10 May 2023). "AFIMSC completes largest runway construction project in years". Eglin Air Force Base . Retrieved 14 May 2023.
  44. ↑ Goni, Uki (2 March 2012). "Argentine president calls for direct flights from Falklands to Buenos Aires". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 24 September 2016. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  45. ↑ "Argentina wants its airline to fly to Falklands". Reuters. 2 March 2012. Archived from the original on 18 September 2014. Retrieved 1 July 2017.
  46. ↑ "Green light for Uruguayan flight to Falklands; Argentine ambassador says it's not commercially viable". MercoPress. Archived from the original on 5 June 2012. Retrieved 15 June 2012.
  47. ↑ "Figas - Figas". Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  48. ↑ Falkland Islands Tourist Board. "FIGAS (Falkland Islands Government Air Service)". Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  49. ↑ "Average Weather For Falkland Islands". WeatherSpark. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
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