Todd McFarlane's Spawn

Last updated
Todd McFarlane's Spawn
Todd McFarlane's Spawn (1997-'99 TV series) logo.jpg
Genre
Created by Todd McFarlane
Based on Spawn
by
Todd McFarlane
Developed by Alan B. McElroy
Voices of
Narrated by Richard Dysart
Theme music composer Shirley Walker
Composers
Country of originUnited States
Original languageEnglish
No. of seasons3
No. of episodes18
Production
Executive producer Todd McFarlane
Producers
Running time26–30 minutes (episodes)
180 minutes (films)
Production companies
  • HBO Animation
  • Todd McFarlane Entertainment
  • Madhouse
Original release
Network HBO [1]
ReleaseMay 16, 1997 (1997-05-16) 
May 28, 1999 (1999-05-28)

Todd McFarlane's Spawn, also known as Spawn: The Animated Series or simply Spawn, is an American adult animated superhero television series that aired on HBO from 1997 through 1999 [2] and reran on Cartoon Network's Toonami programming block in Japan. It has also been released on DVD as a film series. The show is based on the character Spawn from Image Comics, and won an Emmy Award in 1999 for Outstanding Animation Program (Longer Than One Hour). [1]

Contents

Plot

The series revolves around the story of former Marine Force Recon Lieutenant Colonel Al Simmons, who worked as a government assassin in covert black ops. He was betrayed and killed by a man whom he believed to be his close friend (the man, later to be revealed as Chapel, burned him alive with a flamethrower during a mission). Upon his death, Simmons vowed revenge on Chapel and hoped that he would one day return to his beloved wife Wanda.

Because of his life as an assassin, Simmons' soul goes to Hell. In order to accomplish his vow, he makes a pact with the devil Malebolgia (who was the overlord on the eighth plane of Hell). The pact was a simple one: Simmons would become a soldier in Malebolgia's army (known as a "Hellspawn" or "Spawn" for short) in return for the ability to walk the earth once again in order to see Wanda. However, Simmons was tricked by Malebolgia: his body was not returned to him and he is returned to Earth five years after his death. He had been given a different body which was a festering, pungently cadaverous, maggot-ridden walking corpse that had a massive living red cape attached to it. Because his new body had been rotten for some time and was in an advanced state of decay, his face had become heavily malformed, to the point that he barely appeared human, which led to Simmons donning a mask in order to cover its grotesque appearance.

Upon his return to "life", Spawn seeks out Wanda, who had apparently got over the grief of having lost Al and married another man, Al's best friend Terry Fitzgerald with whom she had had a daughter, Cyan. Terry, a respectable man, works as an analyst for a man named Jason Wynn. Wynn is a powerbroker in the CIA and secretly a black market arms dealer, amongst other things (such as the head of secret government organizations within the NSA and National Security Council). Wynn is revealed to be the man responsible for the death of Al Simmons due to a disagreement that the two had between each other concerning their "work". Jason's actions would also prove dangerous to the lives of Terry, Wanda, and their daughter as well. Realizing that he is no longer the man in Wanda's life, Al swears to protect her and her new family.

The series depicts Spawn nesting in the dark alleyways, killing any who invade his newfound territory. Rejecting these actions as unworthy of Spawn's time and power, Malebolgia then dispatches another of his minions (a demonic creature known as the Violator that assumes the form of a short, obese clown) to try to persuade Spawn to commit acts of violence and savagery in the name of Hell.

Spawn struggles to fight the lure of evil, as well as seeking to escape being hunted by not only the forces of Hell, but by assailants from Heaven, who have a need to destroy the Hellspawns in order to cripple the forces of Hell so that they do not gain an edge in the escalating war between the two spiritual hosts. As the war intensifies, the line between the forces of good and evil become increasingly blurry. Spawn finds help along the way in the form of a disheveled old man named Cogliostro who was once a Hellspawn that overcame the demonic powers resting within, amongst a number of other characters.

In the last episodes of the series, Spawn learns how to shapeshift and, appearing as Terry, makes love to Wanda, impregnating her. It is revealed that there is a prophecy that the child of a Hellspawn will play the deciding factor in Armageddon, and may be the real reason Spawn was allowed to return to Earth.

Episodes

Todd McFarlane's Spawn

No. in
series
TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air date
1"Burning Visions"Eric Radomski Alan B. McElroy May 16, 1997 (1997-05-16)
Al Simmons returns from the grave, lost and bewildered at how his wife Wanda is now married to his best friend Terry Fitzgerald. He is followed by an evil demon in the form of a clown, called the Violator, who reveals that Al has been dead for five years and is now a Hellspawn. Meanwhile, Jason Wynn and Tony Twist are trying to figure out how to move out their illegal arms.
2"Evil Intent"John HaysAlan B. McElroyMay 23, 1997 (1997-05-23)
Tormented by the thought that he cannot be with his wife, Spawn is annoyed by the Violator's efforts to drive him into violence and evil in the name of Hell. He eventually engages in a brawl with the demon in his true form.
3"No Rest, No Peace"Eric RadomskiAlan B. McElroyMay 30, 1997 (1997-05-30)
When Tony Twist's hired cyborg hitman, Over-Kill, fails to eliminate Spawn, Wynn sends in Jess Chapel to get the job done.
4"Dominoes"John HaysAlan B. McElroyJune 6, 1997 (1997-06-06)
Police detectives Sam Burke and Twitch Williams begin trailing the sadistic child-killer known as Billy Kincaid, who poses as an ice cream man. Wanda learns of some new evidence that will help her client be cleared of his charges.
5"Souls in the Balance"Eric RadomskiGary HardwickJune 16, 1997 (1997-06-16)
Spawn must deal with a crazed priest, a person who does not die after a snipe shot. Meanwhile, the Violator tips off the location of Wanda and Terry's sweet daughter, Cyan, to Kincaid.
6"End Games"Eric RadomskiAlan B. McElroyJune 30, 1997 (1997-06-30)
Spawn saves Cyan from Kincaid and returns her to her parents, along with the wedding ring that Al Simmons was buried with. Frustrated that Spawn did not kill Kincaid, the Violator finishes the job himself and promises to continue pursuing the Hellspawn.

Todd McFarlane's Spawn 2

No. in
series
TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air date
7"Home, Bitter Home" Jennifer Yuh Nelson Larry Brody, John Shirley, John Leekley & Rebekah BradfordMay 15, 1998 (1998-05-15)
Chapel steps onto Spawn's territory, and the two have an encounter that shakes the alleyways.
8"Access Denied"Tom NelsonLarry Brody, John Shirley, John Leekley & Rebekah BradfordMay 22, 1998 (1998-05-22)
After Terry discovers more than he should about shipping discrepancies, Wynn orders a hit on his life. Spawn intervenes, wanting to be the one to kill Terry, but after learning that Terry did not steal Wanda from him like he had originally thought, Spawn fights off Terry's attackers.
9"Colors of Blood"Mike VosburgLarry Brody, John Shirley & Victor Bumbalo May 29, 1998 (1998-05-29)
Unable to locate Terry after his hitmen's failure, Wynn turns to Wanda. Spawn takes care of some local drug dealers that are killing the homeless.
10"Send in the KKKlowns"Jennifer Yuh NelsonJohn Leekley & Gerard BrownJune 5, 1998 (1998-06-05)
A man claiming to be doing "the Lord's work" is killing off Black people, but finds that the one he captured, Terry Fitzgerald, is more than he can handle. Spawn attempts to confront Wanda, but only frightens her in the process.
11"Death Blow"Tom NelsonJohn Leekley, Rebekah Bradford & Gerard BrownJune 12, 1998 (1998-06-12)
Lisa Wu begins looking into the recent Rat City alley murders and Spawn visits Wanda at home.
12"Hellzapoppin"Mike VosburgJohn Leekley, Rebekah Bradford & Gerard BrownJune 19, 1998 (1998-06-19)
As Wynn watches the news, he receives a message from Clown and the channel goes back on. Realizing that Wynn had sent people to kill both Cyan and Wanda, Spawn threatens to kill Wynn if he does not back off.

Todd McFarlane's Spawn 3: The Ultimate Battle

No. in
series
TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air date
13"The Mindkiller"Jennifer Yuh NelsonJohn LeekleyMay 23, 1999 (1999-05-23)
Spawn begins feeling regret about abandoning his former mentor, Major Forsberg, as Cogliostro attempts to talk him into giving up the shroud.
14"Twitch Is Down"Tom NelsonJohn LeekleyMay 24, 1999 (1999-05-24)
Officer Twitch Williams investigates the alley murders and confronts Spawn. After Twitch learns too much about the alley murders and Jason Wynn, Wynn sends the dirty Police Chief Banks out to kill Twitch in order to keep him silenced.
15"Seed of the Hellspawn"Mike VosburgJohn LeekleyMay 25, 1999 (1999-05-25)
Spawn learns to use his shroud to take on the forms of others. Knowing that returning as Al would worry Wanda too much, Spawn disguises himself as Terry and makes love to his wife one last time. Meanwhile, Sam is watching Twitch get hospitalized. Banks attempts to frame Spawn as Twitch's shooter.
16"Hunter's Moon"Jennifer Yuh NelsonJohn LeekleyMay 26, 1999 (1999-05-26)
Spawn befriends a vampire named Lilly, but when she attacks him and reveals that she was sent by Heaven to kill him, he wastes no time in frying her with sunlight. Lisa Wu, now revealed to Spawn as Jade—a hunter also sent by Heaven to kill Hellspawn—allows him to re-heal himself after his fight with Lilly.
17"Chasing the Serpent"Chuck PattonRebekah BradfordMay 27, 1999 (1999-05-27)
Spawn, aided by Jade, frees Terry Fitzgerald and Major Forsberg from Jason Wynn's opium prison.
18"Prophecy"Brad RaderJohn LeekleyMay 28, 1999 (1999-05-28)
Jade realises Spawn is not what she thought and decides to spare him, and Heaven responds by placing a bounty upon Jade. She is mortally wounded by the new hunters and in the end, she avoids disgrace and is granted a spot in Heaven by having Spawn give her a warrior's death. Meanwhile, Sam and Twitch confront the Chief in the subway, and secure a confession before the last train leaves. "I want my humanity back" was all that Spawn said before the closing credits roll.

Voice cast

Production

Regarding his initial meeting with HBO executives for the project, Todd McFarlane recalled, "I wanted to ask one question . . . can I say the word, "f_-?" If they let me do that, there's 100 other things I could get away with, too." [3] He also remarked in 1997, "People have such a stereotype about animation — they immediately think cartoons and Disney. They're not used to seeing Silence of the Lambs , The Godfather and Seven all in one cartoon, but that's what they're getting." [3] HBO granted the show a six million dollar budget for its first season. [3] It was produced in Los Angeles, although McFarlane lived in Phoenix, Arizona at the time, stating in a 2021 interview, "I was flying into Century City every week while we were doing that, for three years." [4]

The score and opening theme was handled by Shirley Walker, who had earlier composed background music for Batman: The Animated Series . Other former production crew from Batman: The Animated Series were also involved, including director Frank Paur and producer Eric Radomski. [5] While Batman: The Animated Series featured traditional movie orchestra-type music, the producers of Todd McFarlane's Spawn requested that Walker give the series a more organic and subtle electronic soundtrack, with only minimal usage of orchestral sounds. [5] J. Peter Robinson composed the score for the third and final season.

The series included live action intros by McFarlane. The intros for the first season were shot inside a castle-like location, and feature McFarlane asking rhetorical questions to the viewer, before introducing the episodes. Live action intros continued to be made for the remaining seasons. The intros were included on VHS and DVD releases which packaged the show's episodes individually, but are removed from releases which present the seasons in a singular movie format. They were filmed by future Hollywood director Doug Liman, who at the time was a roommate with one of the HBO executives. [6]

The first season concluded on HBO in late June 1997, a month after it had begun airing. At the beginning of August 1997, a live action Spawn film was released by New Line Cinema. It was noted for having a more mainstream tone than the animated series. [7] Shortly after the release of the film, work on a second season of episodes began, which would begin airing the following year.

On October 31, 1997, St. Louis Blues hockey player Tony Twist filed a successful lawsuit against HBO and Todd McFarlane Productions, after finding out that a mob boss character from the first season was named after him. [8] [9] He stated, "I'm in pink thong underwear, smoking a cigar, ordering the kidnapping of a child while two women are naked on the couch making love to each other. I obviously didn't want any part of that. Even if I was a good guy I wouldn’t have participated. You’ve got kids being kidnapped, you’ve got nudity, you’ve got police raping women. It’s nothing I want to be affiliated with." [10] The Tony Twist character originally appeared in the Spawn comics, but was not included in New Line's live action film.

It ended in 1999 following the conclusion of the third season. A fourth season was originally planned, but never came to fruition. John Leekley who served as the head writer and showrunner for the second and third season revealed that some of the ideas for the scrapped fourth season involved the return of Angela looking to avenge the death of Jade who was her previous lover, several one time characters would've returned and had larger roles, a gang war spiraling out of control led by the ruthless Barrabas, Spawn befriending a runaway teenage girl named Kristen with a case of pyrophobia, a now disfigured Wynn looking for redemption, Chapel breaking out of the asylum and winds up a pawn for Angela, Merrick having to team up with Twitch to save her daughter, and most of the characters coming to the realization of Spawn's identity.

Reception

Some critics believe that the series was overshadowed by the poorly received film adaptation of Spawn, which also debuted in the summer of 1997. [11] It has achieved a small but loyal cult following who praise the animation, writing, voice acting, music, and dark tone, whereas the graphic violence and intentional unresolved cliffhanger has attracted criticism. Variety stated in 1997 that "It's as dark and complex as anything HBO has attempted in the live-action arena. And visually, it's quite the stunner. HBO wanted different, and it surely got it." [12] A more mixed review at the time came from The Dallas Morning News , they questioned why anyone would "want to subject themselves to such a relentlessly grim, gruesome dehumanizing experience." [13] In 1997, the Tampa Bay Times remarked that the first three episodes "unfold in a disjointed, abstract style that owes as much to the animated movie Heavy Metal as the Batman trilogy." [3]

NowThis News claimed it was "one of the most shocking shows on TV in the ‘90s" and that it "set a new bar for mature animation." [7] Horror website Bloody Disgusting stated in 2018 that it was "still the character's best incarnation", [14] while the Comic Book Herald commented in 2021 that "it almost plays like an adult extrapolation of Batman: The Animated Series". [15] In 2017, CBR praised the show's music, stating "[Shirley] Walker’s work on Spawn takes the gothic elements of her Batman: The Animated Series compositions to an even darker place. The epic heroic themes are gone, replaced with long, low notes and eerie hints of ethereal threats lurking in the distance. Some of the more “adult” elements of the series were dismissed as juvenile attempts at maturity, but the score isn’t one of them. It’s moody beyond belief, the perfect musical companion for the bleakness of the series." [16]

Legacy

Todd McFarlane's Spawn was ranked 5th on IGN's list of "The Greatest Comic Book Cartoons of All Time", [17] and 23rd on IGN's list of "Top 25 Primetime Animated Series of All Time" (despite the fact the show was aired at midnight on HBO). [18] In 2011, Complex ranked it 8th on their 2011 list of "The 25 Most Underrated Animated TV Shows of All Time". [19]

Series producer Eric Radomski reflected in a retrospective interview that "Spawn TAS was a personal triumph for me. Very rarely do artists get the opportunity to have as much uncensored creative freedom as I did at HBO on Spawn." [5]

A sequel series titled Spawn: The Animation was in development in 2004 and was set to be released in 2007 with Keith David reprising his role, but due to McFarlane wanting to push the animation further, the project ended up in production limbo until it was quietly cancelled. Keith David would go on to reprise Spawn as a guest character for Mortal Kombat 11 in 2019. [20]

Home media

All three seasons have been released separately on DVD and VHS as three two-hour movies, under the titles Todd McFarlane's Spawn, Todd McFarlane's Spawn 2, and Todd McFarlane's Spawn 3: The Ultimate Battle. The first two seasons were also released on laserdisc in this movie format.

On July 24, 2007, HBO Video released a 4-disc 10th-anniversary signature collector's edition on DVD with all 18 episodes and multiple bonus features. [21]

When the show's first and second seasons were released on video they were released in two formats. The first format was called the "Uncut Collector's Edition", which is the version that was shown on TV and held a TV-MA rating, and the other was a special edited version called the "Special Edited Edition" which held a PG-13 rating by toning down the violence and sexual content.

The first movie was also released in the UMD format for Sony's PSP handheld video game system, but the other two movies were not.

On July 5, 2016, HBO added all three seasons to its streaming services, HBO GO and HBO NOW. It's also available on HBO Max as of 2021.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spawn (character)</span> Comic book superhero

Albert Francis "Al" Simmons, better known as Spawn, is an antihero appearing in a monthly comic book of the same name published by American company Image Comics, as well as in a number of films, television series, and video game adaptations set in the Image Universe. Created by Todd McFarlane, Spawn first appeared in Spawn #1.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Todd McFarlane</span> Canadian comic book creator

Todd McFarlane is a Canadian comic book creator, best known for his work as the artist on The Amazing Spider-Man and as the creator, writer, and artist on the superhero horror-fantasy series Spawn, as well as being the current President and a co-founder of Image Comics.

<i>Batman: The Animated Series</i> American animated television series

Batman: The Animated Series is an American animated superhero television series based on the DC Comics superhero Batman. Developed by Bruce Timm and Eric Radomski, and produced by Warner Bros. Animation, it originally aired on Fox Kids from September 5, 1992, to September 15, 1995, with a total of 85 episodes. After the series ended its original run, a follow-up titled The New Batman Adventures began airing on Kids' WB in 1997 as a continuation of the series, featuring a revamped animation style to match that of the concurrently running Superman: The Animated Series, which was also set in the same continuity. Lasting 24 episodes, it has often been included in the same syndicated re-run packages and home media releases as the final season.

Justice League is an American animated television series which ran from November 17, 2001, to May 29, 2004, on Cartoon Network. The show was produced by Warner Bros. Animation. It is based on the Justice League of America and associated comic book characters published by DC Comics. It serves as a sequel to Batman: The Animated Series and Superman: The Animated Series, as well as a prequel to Batman Beyond and, is the seventh series of the DC Animated Universe. After two seasons, the series was rebranded as Justice League Unlimited, a successor series which aired for three seasons.

<i>Spawn</i> (1997 film) Superhero film by Mark A.Z. Dippé

Spawn is a 1997 American superhero film based on the Image Comics character of the same name. Directed by Mark A.Z. Dippé, the film stars Michael Jai White in the title role, alongside John Leguizamo, Martin Sheen, Theresa Randle, D. B. Sweeney, Miko Hughes, and Nicol Williamson in his final film role. The film depicts the origin story of the title character, a murdered US Marine who is resurrected as the reluctant leader of Hell's army. Spawn is one of the first films to feature an African American actor portraying a major comic book superhero.

McFarlane Toys is an American company founded by comic book creator Todd McFarlane which makes highly detailed model action figures of characters from films, comics, popular music, video games and various sporting genres. The company, a subsidiary of Todd McFarlane Productions, Inc., is headquartered in Tempe, Arizona.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Violator (comics)</span> Comics character

Violator is a supervillain who appears in the Spawn comic books published by Image Comics, set in the Image Universe. The character first appeared in Spawn #2 and was created by writer-artist Todd McFarlane.As one of the primary antagonists of the series, he is by far the most recurring villain of the series and Spawn's archenemy. He is also the maker of the Hellspawns, hence, he trains and keeps tabs on them.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cogliostro</span> Comics character

Cogliostro, also simply Cog, is a fictional character in Todd McFarlane's Spawn comic series, set in the Image Universe. Cogliostro was created in 1993 by author Neil Gaiman and artist Todd McFarlane and introduced in Spawn issue #9. Originally depicted as a supporting character, he becomes an antagonist as the series progresses, eventually becoming the supervillain Sinn and the third main antagonist of the series.

<i>The New Batman Adventures</i> American animated superhero TV series (1997–1999)

The New Batman Adventures is an American animated superhero television series based on the DC Comics superhero Batman, which aired on Kids' WB from September 13, 1997 to January 16, 1999. Produced by Warner Bros. Animation, it is a continuation of Batman: The Animated Series (1992–1995), serving as the fourth and fifth seasons of the show, respectively, and the third series in the DC Animated Universe. It was followed by Batman Beyond (1999–2001). The series had a revamp, replacing the previous art style of its predecessor seasons with streamlined designs for more consistent animation, and to maintain similarity with the simultaneously running Superman: The Animated Series (1996–2000), with episodes airing on Kids' WB under the title The New Batman/Superman Adventures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jason Wynn</span> Comics character

Jason Wynn is a supervillain in the Todd McFarlane Image Universe comic book series Spawn. Wynn is the director of the United States Security Group. He is perhaps the most powerful man in the world, and has politicians throughout the government on his payroll. His actions caused Al Simmons' soul to be sent to Hell and transformed into Spawn in the first place, making him a major villain in the comics as a result.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malebolgia</span> Character from Spawn comics

Malebolgia is a supervillain appearing as the original main antagonist in comic books featuring the superhero Spawn and reprised the role in the later issues. Created by writer/artist Todd McFarlane, the character first appeared in Spawn #1. The name Malebolgia is derived from the term in Dante's Inferno used to describe Malebolge, the ditches (bolge) in the eighth circle of Hell, where humans who committed the sin Fraud are punished. He is Spawn's former master who serves as one of the major Lords of Hell.

The Man of Miracles is a fictional, ageless, mysterious, genderless, super-being, featured in the Spawn comic book series.

<i>Spawn: In the Demons Hand</i> 2000 video game

Spawn: In the Demon's Hand is a 3D fighting game developed and published by Capcom for the Dreamcast and arcade. It is based on the comic book character Spawn created by Todd McFarlane and produced by Image Comics. A port was planned for the PlayStation 2 as a launch title but was later canceled.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mammon (comics)</span> Comics character

Mammon is a supervillain from the comic book Spawn. He is Spawn's former ally and is the second primary antagonist, having replaced Malebolgia in that role until #184, in which Malebolgia again takes back this role from Mammon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jessica Priest</span> Fictional character from the Spawn universe

Jessica Priest is a fictional character from the Spawn universe. Specifically, Priest serves as a substitute in the Spawn film for Chapel, Al Simmons's killer in the comic book. Priest was played by Melinda Clarke in the film. She would later become the second She-Spawn and leader of the team called Scorched. A composite character of both Chapel and Priest, Jess Chapel, would also appear in the animated series Todd McFarlane's Spawn, voiced by Ruben Santiago-Hudson.

<i>Shadows of Spawn</i> Manga adaptation of the Spawn character

Shadows of Spawn is a licensed Japanese manga adaptation of Todd McFarlane's American Spawn comic series, written and drawn by Juzo Tokoro. It was originally printed in Japan from 1998 to 1999 in the monthly manga magazine Dengeki Comic Gao!, published by MediaWorks. The series retains a number of elements of the original American series, but also exhibits a number of differences from it as well.

Mook Animation Inc. is an animation studio based in Japan and started in 1986. Mook Animation formed a business alliance with DLE in 2006 and was known as Mook DLE; however they ended their partnership in 2008. Mook has created animation services for Western television programs and feature films, mostly for Hanna-Barbera and later Cartoon Network, such as SWAT Kats, The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest. They also provided the animation for Æon Flux, Biker Mice from Mars, Men in Black: The Series, Todd McFarlane's Spawn, X-Men: Evolution, and Transformers: Animated.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chapel (character)</span> Comics character

Chapel is an Image Universe supervillain/antihero character appearing in comics published by Rob Liefeld, who created the character in 1992 as a member of the government superhero group Youngblood for their series of the same name.

<i>Todd McFarlanes Spawn: The Video Game</i> 1995 video game

Todd McFarlane's Spawn: The Video Game is a video game based on the Spawn comic book character. It was released in the United States and Europe for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System console. Developed by Ukiyotei and published by Acclaim Entertainment and Sony Electronic Publishing in late 1995, it features Al Simmons, Spawn, trying to save the lives of thirteen children in a beat 'em up type of video game. The game received mixed reviews by critics; the graphics were praised while the unoriginality of the game was criticized.

<i>Scooby-Doo and Guess Who?</i> American animated television series

Scooby-Doo and Guess Who? is an American animated television series produced by Warner Bros. Animation and the thirteenth television series in the Scooby-Doo franchise. The series is produced by Chris Bailey.

References

  1. 1 2 "HBO and David Kelley Win Top Early Emmys". The New York Times. August 30, 1999. Retrieved 2010-12-14.
  2. Erickson, Hal (2005). Television Cartoon Shows: An Illustrated Encyclopedia, 1949 Through 2003 (2nd ed.). McFarland & Co. pp. 857–858. ISBN   978-1476665993.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Spawning a new breed of hero". Tampa Bay Times.
  4. "Todd McFarlane Launches TV Production Unit, Announces 'McFarland' & 'Thumbs' Series, Talks Taking on Hollywood as Outsider & Plotting 'Spawn' Universe". 2 November 2021.
  5. 1 2 3 Radomski, Eric. "Toon Zone Presents: Todd McFarland's Spawn (HBO)". ToonZone. Archived from the original on 2020-10-19. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
  6. https://www.superherohype.com/tv/548706-todd-mcfarlane-reflects-on-live-action-intros-for-spawn-animated-series
  7. 1 2 "Todd McFarlane's 'Spawn' Movie and Its Hellish Road to Reboot". NowThis News. 2 August 2017.
  8. St. Louis Post-Dispatch, January 26, 1998, page 116
  9. "DOE v. TCI CABLEVISION, No. ED 78785 | Casetext Search + Citator". casetext.com.
  10. Calgary Herald, July 8, 2000, page 58
  11. "Why Make a Live-Action 'Spawn' when Animation Suits Him Better?". 19 September 2016.
  12. Ray Richmond (1997-07-20). "Spawn – Variety". Variety.com. Retrieved 2019-10-22.
  13. Kershner, Jim (June 3, 1997). "'Spawn' Storm: Spokane Artist Todd Mcfarlane Always Wanted To Create His Own Comic Book Series, And When He Finally Did, It Became The Hottest Title Of The Decade". The Spokesman Review. Archived from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
  14. "[Retrospective] HBO's 'Spawn' is Still the Character's Best Incarnation". 26 May 2018.
  15. "How Spawn Changed Comic Books (Even Though It Sucks)". 15 September 2021.
  16. "Spawn: The Animated Series - It Wasn't TV. It Was HBO". 23 April 2017.
  17. "The Greatest Comic Book Cartoons of All Time - IGN". IGN. Ziff Davis. 2007-01-26. Archived from the original on 2012-05-29. Retrieved 2013-09-09.
  18. "Top 25 Primetime Animated Series of All Time". IGN. Ziff Davis. 2006-09-28. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
  19. "The 25 Most Underrated Animated TV Shows of All Time". Complex Networks .
  20. Gavin Sheehan (August 27, 2019). "Keith David Confirms He Will Be Spawn In "Mortal Kombat 11"". Bleeding Cool . Archived from the original on August 13, 2021. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
  21. "Todd McFarlane's Spawn: The Animated Collection (10th Anniversary Signature Edition)". DVD Talk. Archived from the original on 2012-02-27. Retrieved 2010-12-14.