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29 of the 88 seats in the U.S. Senate (as well as special elections) 45 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The United States Senate elections of 1892 and 1893 were elections which, corresponding with former Democratic President Grover Cleveland's return to power, had the Republican Party lose nine seats in the United States Senate and lose its majority to the Democratic Party. The Democratic majority, however, was minimal and didn't last past the next Congress.
Stephen Grover Cleveland was an American politician and lawyer who was the 22nd and 24th president of the United States, the only president in American history to serve two non-consecutive terms in office. He won the popular vote for three presidential elections—in 1884, 1888, and 1892—and was one of two Democrats to be elected president during the era of Republican political domination dating from 1861 to 1933.
The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP, is one of the two major political parties in the United States; the other is its historic rival, the Democratic Party.
As these elections were prior to ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.
The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution established the popular election of United States Senators by the people of the states. The amendment supersedes Article I, §3, Clauses 1 and 2 of the Constitution, under which senators were elected by state legislatures. It also alters the procedure for filling vacancies in the Senate, allowing for state legislatures to permit their governors to make temporary appointments until a special election can be held.
A state legislature in the United States is the legislative body of any of the 50 U.S. states. The formal name varies from state to state. In 25 states, the legislature is simply called the Legislature, or the State Legislature, while in 19 states, the legislature is called the General Assembly. In Massachusetts and New Hampshire, the legislature is called the General Court, while North Dakota and Oregon designate the legislature the Legislative Assembly.
Senate Party Division, 53rd Congress (1893–1895)
D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | ||||||
D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 | D9 | D8 | D7 | D6 | D5 |
D15 | D16 | D17 | D18 | D19 | D20 | D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 |
D34 Ran | D33 Ran | D32 Ran | D31 Ran | D30 Ran | D29 | D28 | D27 | D26 | D25 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D35 Ran | D36 Ran | D37 Ran | D38 Ran | D39 Unknown | D40 Retired | P1 | P2 | R46 Retired | R45 Retired |
Majority → | R44 Retired | ||||||||
R35 Ran | R36 Ran | R37 Ran | R38 Ran | R39 Ran | R40 Ran | R41 Unknown | R42 Unknown | R43 Retired | |
R34 Ran | R33 Ran | R32 Ran | R31 Ran | R30 Ran | R29 Ran | R28 | R27 | R26 | R25 |
R15 | R16 | R17 | R18 | R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 |
R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 | R8 | R7 | R6 | R5 |
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 |
D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | ||||||
D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 | D9 | D8 | D7 | D6 | D5 |
D15 | D16 | D17 | D18 | D19 | D20 | D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 |
D34 Re-elected | D33 Re-elected | D32 Re-elected | D31 Re-elected | D30 Re-elected | D29 | D28 | D27 | D26 | D25 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D35 Re-elected | D36 Re-elected | D37 Re-elected | D38 Hold | D39 Hold | D30 Gain | D41 Gain | D42 Gain | V1 D loss | V2 R loss |
Majority with vacancies → | D43 Gain | V3 R loss | |||||||
R35 Re-elected | R36 Re-elected | R37 Hold | SR1 Gain | P1 | P2 | P3 Gain | V4 R loss | ||
R34 Re-elected | R33 Re-elected | R32 Re-elected | R31 Re-elected | R30 Re-elected | R29 Re-elected | R28 | R27 | R26 | R25 |
R15 | R16 | R17 | R18 | R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 |
R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 | R8 | R7 | R6 | R5 |
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 |
D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | ||||||
D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 | D9 | D8 | D7 | D6 | D5 |
D15 | D16 | D17 | D18 | D19 | D20 | D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 |
D34 | D33 | D32 | D31 | D30 | D29 | D28 | D27 | D26 | D25 |
D35 | D36 | D37 | D38 | D39 | D40 | D41 | D42 | D43 | V1 |
Majority with vacancies → | V2 | ||||||||
R35 | R36 | R37 | SR1 | P1 | P2 | P3 | D44 Gain | V3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R34 | R33 | R32 | R31 | R30 | R29 | R28 | R27 | R26 | R25 |
R15 | R16 | R17 | R18 | R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 |
R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 | R8 | R7 | R6 | R5 |
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 |
Key: |
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In these elections the winners were seated during the 52nd Congress in 1892 or in 1893 before March 4; ordered by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Maryland (Class 3) | Charles Hopper Gibson | Democratic | 1891 (Appointed) | Interim appointee elected January 21, 1892. [1] | √ Charles Hopper Gibson (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Texas (Class 1) | Horace Chilton | Democratic | 1891 (Appointed) | Interim appointee lost election to finish the term. New senator elected March 22, 1892. Democratic hold. | √ Roger Q. Mills (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Vermont (Class 1) | Redfield Proctor | Republican | 1891 (Appointed) | Interim appointee elected October 19, 1892. [2] | √ Redfield Proctor (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
West Virginia (Class 2) | John E. Kenna | Democratic | 1883 1889 | Incumbent died January 11, 1893. New senator elected January 25, 1893. Democratic hold. | √ Johnson N. Camden (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Kentucky (Class 2) | John G. Carlisle | Democratic | 1890 (Special) | Incumbent resigned February 4, 1893. New senator elected February 15, 1893. [3] [4] Democratic hold. | √ William Lindsay (Democratic) 79 votes Augustus E. Willson 17 votes [3] |
In this election, the winner was seated in the 53rd Congress, starting March 4, 1893.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Kansas (Class 2) | Bishop W. Perkins | Republican | 1892 (Appointed) | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected on January 25, 1893 but didn't qualify until the next Congress on March 4, 1893. Democratic gain. | √ John Martin (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
In this election, the winner was seated in the 54th Congress, starting March 4, 1895.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Mississippi (Class 2) | Edward C. Walthall | Democratic | 1885 (Appointed) 1886 (Special) 1889 | Incumbent re-elected early on January 20, 1892 for the term beginning 1895. Walthall, however, had already been re-elected to next term. [5] | √ Edward C. Walthall (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1893; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
California | Charles N. Felton | Republican | 1891 (Special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1893. Democratic gain. | √ Stephen M. White (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Connecticut | Joseph Roswell Hawley | Republican | 1881 1887 | Incumbent re-elected in 1893. | √ Joseph Roswell Hawley (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Delaware | George Gray | Democratic | 1885 (Special) 1887 | Incumbent re-elected in 1893. | √ George Gray (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Florida | Samuel Pasco | Democratic | 1887 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. Incumbent was later appointed and then elected, see below. | [Data unknown/missing.] |
Indiana | David Turpie | Democratic | 1863 (Special) 1863 (Retired) 1887 | Incumbent re-elected in 1893. | √ David Turpie (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Maine | Eugene Hale | Republican | 1881 1887 | Incumbent re-elected in 1893. | √ Eugene Hale (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Maryland | Arthur P. Gorman | Democratic | 1880 1886 | Incumbent re-elected in 1892. | √ Arthur P. Gorman (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Massachusetts | Henry L. Dawes | Republican | 1881 1887 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1893. Republican hold. | √ Henry Cabot Lodge (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Michigan | Francis B. Stockbridge | Republican | 1887 | Incumbent re-elected in 1893. | √ Francis B. Stockbridge (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Minnesota | Cushman Davis | Republican | 1886 | Incumbent re-elected in 1892. | √ Cushman Davis (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Mississippi | James Z. George | Democratic | 1880 1886 | Incumbent re-elected January 20, 1892. [5] | √ James Z. George (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Missouri | Francis Cockrell | Democratic | 1874 1881 1887 | Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1893. [6] | √ Francis Cockrell (Democratic) Chauncey I. Filley (Republican) [7] |
Montana | Wilbur F. Sanders | Republican | 1890 | Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Republican loss. | Wilbur F. Sanders (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Nebraska | Algernon S. Paddock | Republican | 1875 1880 (Lost re-election) 1886 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1893. Populist gain. | √ William V. Allen (Populist) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Nevada | William Stewart | Republican | 1887 | Incumbent re-elected as a Silver Republican in 1893. Silver Republican gain. | √ William Morris Stewart (Silver Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
New Jersey | Rufus Blodgett | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 24, 1893. [8] Democratic hold. | √ James Smith Jr. (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
New York | Frank Hiscock | Republican | 1887 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 18, 1893. Democratic gain. | √ Edward Murphy, Jr. (Democratic) Frank Hiscock (Republican) Whitelaw Reid (Republican) |
North Dakota | Lyman R. Casey | Republican | 1889 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in February 1893. [9] Democratic gain. | √ William N. Roach (Democratic) Lyman R. Casey (Republican) John D. Benton (Democratic) Walter Muir (Independent) |
Ohio | John Sherman | Republican | 1861 (Special) 1866 1872 1877 (Resigned) 1881 1886 | Incumbent re-elected in 1892. | √ John Sherman (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Pennsylvania | Matthew Quay | Republican | 1887 | Incumbent re-elected January 17, 1893. | √ Matthew Quay (Republican) 64.96% George Ross (Democratic) 31.50% Others, see below |
Rhode Island | Nelson W. Aldrich | Republican | 1881 (Special) 1886 | Incumbent re-elected in 1892. | √ Nelson W. Aldrich (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Tennessee | Washington C. Whitthorne | Democratic | 1887 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost renomination. New senator elected in 1893. Democratic hold. | √ William B. Bate (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Texas | Roger Q. Mills | Democratic | 1892 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1893. | √ Roger Q. Mills (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Vermont | Redfield Proctor | Republican | 1891 (Appointed) 1892 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1892. | √ Redfield Proctor (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Virginia | John W. Daniel | Democratic | 1887 | Incumbent re-elected in 1893. | √ John W. Daniel (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Washington | John B. Allen | Republican | 1889 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Republican loss. | [Data unknown/missing.] |
West Virginia | Charles J. Faulkner | Democratic | 1887 | Incumbent re-elected in 1893. | √ Charles J. Faulkner (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Wisconsin | Philetus Sawyer | Republican | 1887 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1893. Democratic gain. | √ John L. Mitchell (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Wyoming | Francis E. Warren | Republican | 1890 | Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Republican loss. | [Data unknown/missing.] |
In these elections, the winners were elected in 1893 after March 4, and seated in the 53rd Congress.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Florida (Class 1) | Samuel Pasco | Democratic | 1887 1893 (Legislature failed to elect) 1893 (Appointed) | Interim appointee elected April 20, 1893. | √ Samuel Pasco (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Virginia (Class 2) | Eppa Hunton | Democratic | 1892 (Appointed) | Interim appointee elected December 19, 1893. [10] [11] | √ Eppa Hunton (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
In this election, the winner was seated in the 54th Congress, starting March 4, 1895.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Virginia (Class 2) | Eppa Hunton | Democratic | 1892 (Appointed) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected early on December 19, 1893 for the term beginning 1895. [11] Democratic hold. | √ Thomas S. Martin (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
The New York election was held on January 18, 1893, by the New York State Legislature.
The New York State Legislature consists of the two houses that act as the state legislature of the U.S. state of New York. The New York Constitution does not designate an official term for the two houses together. It says only that "legislative power is vested in the senate and assembly." The session laws are published in the official Laws of New York. The permanent laws of a general nature are codified in the Consolidated Laws of New York. The legislature is seated at the New York State Capitol in Albany.
Republican Frank Hiscock had been elected to this seat in 1887, and his term would expire on March 3, 1893.
Frank Hiscock was a U.S. Representative and Senator from New York.
At the controversial State election in November 1891, 17 Democrats, 14 Republicans and 1 Independent were elected for a two-year term (1892-1893) in the State Senate. This was the only time a Democratic majority was seated in the State Senate between 1874 and 1910. At the State election in November 1892, 74 Democrats and 54 Republicans were elected for the session of 1893 to the Assembly. The 116th New York State Legislature met from January 3 to April 20, 1893, at Albany, New York.
The 116th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 3 to April 20, 1893, during the second year of Roswell P. Flower's governorship, in Albany.
The Democratic caucus met on January 10. 90 State legislators attended, only Assemblyman John Cooney, of Brooklyn, was absent due to illness. State Senator Amasa J. Parker, Jr. presided. Edward Murphy, Jr., a wealthy brewer of Troy, and Chairman of the Democratic State Committee, was nominated by a large majority. The New York Times had suggested earlier to nominate Carl Schurz, a former Republican U.S. Senator from Missouri and U.S. Secretary of the Interior, who lived now in New York City, [12] but the political machines of upstate boss David B. Hill and Tammany Hall chose a loyal party machine man rather than an Ex-Republican advocate of civil service reform. Even President-elect Grover Cleveland had voiced his disapproval of Murphy, to no avail. [13]
Brooklyn is the most populous borough of New York City, with an estimated 2,648,771 residents in 2017. Named after the Dutch village of Breukelen, it borders the borough of Queens at the western end of Long Island. Brooklyn has several bridge and tunnel connections to the borough of Manhattan across the East River, and the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge connects Staten Island. Since 1896, Brooklyn has been coterminous with Kings County, the most populous county in the U.S. state of New York and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, after New York County.
Troy is a city in the U.S. state of New York and the seat of Rensselaer County. The city is located on the western edge of Rensselaer County and on the eastern bank of the Hudson River. Troy has close ties to the nearby cities of Albany and Schenectady, forming a region popularly called the Capital District. The city is one of the three major centers for the Albany Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which has a population of 1,170,483. At the 2010 census, the population of Troy was 50,129. Troy's motto is Ilium fuit. Troja est, which means "Ilium was, Troy is".
The New York State Democratic Committee is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the state of New York. Its headquarters are in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, and it has an office in Albany.
Candidate | First ballot |
---|---|
√ Edward Murphy, Jr. | 85 |
W. Bourke Cockran | 5 |
The Republican caucus met on January 11. State Senator Thomas Hunter presided. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator Frank Hiscock by acclamation.
Edward Murphy, Jr., was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected. State Senator James T. Edwards (32nd D.), of Randolph, voted for the defeated Republican vice presidential candidate of 1892, Whitelaw Reid.
House | Democratic | Republican | Republican | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
State Senate (32 members) | √ Edward Murphy, Jr. | 17 | Frank Hiscock | 12 | Whitelaw Reid | 1 |
State Assembly (128 members) | √ Edward Murphy, Jr. | 73 | Frank Hiscock | 52 |
Note: The votes were cast on January 17, but both Houses met in a joint session on January 18 to compare nominations, and declare the result.
When Murphy took his seat, for the first time since 1849 New York was represented by two Democrats in the U.S. Senate. Murphy served a single term, remaining in the U.S. Senate until March 3, 1899. In January 1899, Murphy was defeated for re-election by Republican Chauncey M. Depew.
The election in Pennsylvania was held January 17, 1893. Incumbent Matthew Quay was re-elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly. [14]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Matthew Quay (Inc.) | 165 | 64.96 | |
Democratic | George Ross | 80 | 31.50 | |
Republican | John Dalzell | 1 | 0.39 | |
Democratic | William F. Harrity | 1 | 0.39 | |
Democratic | William Mutchler | 1 | 0.39 | |
N/A | Not voting | 6 | 2.36 | |
Totals | 254 | 100.00% |
The Fifty-third United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1893, to March 4, 1895, during the first two years of Grover Cleveland's second presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Eleventh Census of the United States in 1890. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.
In the United States Senate elections of 1912 and 1913, Democrats gained control of the Senate from the Republicans. This coincided with Democrat Woodrow Wilson's victory in the presidential election amid a divide in the Republican Party. In the Senate, Joseph M. Dixon and Miles Poindexter defected from the Republican Party and joined Theodore Roosevelt's new Progressive Party. Dixon, however, lost his seat during this election.
Although the 17th Amendment was not passed until 1913, some states elected their Senators directly before its passage. Oregon pioneered direct election and experimented with different measures over several years until it succeeded in 1907. Soon after, Nebraska followed suit and laid the foundation for other states to adopt measures reflecting the people's will. By 1912, as many as 29 states elected senators either as nominees of their party's primary or in conjunction with a general election.
The United States Senate elections of 1908 and 1909, some states elected their senators directly even before passage of the 17th Amendment in 1913. Oregon pioneered direct election and experimented with different measures over several years until it succeeded in 1907. Soon after, Nebraska followed suit and laid the foundation for other states to adopt measures reflecting the people's will. By 1912, as many as 29 states elected senators either as nominees of their party's primary or in conjunction with a general election. The Republicans lost two seats overall.
The United States Senate elections of 1894 and 1895 were a slight Republican victory. It was a different story in the House where Democrats suffered massive losses. The senators elected went on to serve in the 54th Congress.
The 1887 United States Senate election in New York was held from January 18 to 20, 1887, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate.
The 1893 United States Senate election in New York was held on January 17, 1893, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate.
The United States Senate elections of 1872 and 1873 were elections which had the Republican Party, while still retaining a commanding majority, lose two seats in the United States Senate. By the beginning of the Congress, however, they'd lost three more: two as defections to the Liberal Republican Party, and one a resignation of Henry Wilson to become U.S. Vice President. These elections also coincided with President Ulysses S. Grant's easy re-election.
The United States Senate elections of 1868 and 1869 were elections which had the Republican Party maintain their majority in the United States Senate. However, six former Confederate states were also readmitted separately from the general election, each electing two Republicans. This increased the Republicans' already overwhelming majority to the largest number of seats ever controlled by the party.
The United States Senate elections of 1874 and 1875 had the Democratic Party gain nine seats in the United States Senate from the Republican Party. Republicans remained in the majority, however.
The United States Senate elections of 1898 and 1899 were landslide elections which had the Republican Party gain six seats in the United States Senate.
The United States Senate elections of 1900 and 1901 were elections in which the Democratic Party gained two seats in the United States Senate, and which corresponded with President William McKinley's landslide re-election. By the beginning of the next Congress, however, the Republicans gained five additional seats, giving them a ten-seat majority.
The United States Senate elections of 1904 and 1905 were elections that coincided with President Theodore Roosevelt's landslide election to a full term. Party share of seats remained roughly the same, when including vacancies and appointments, and the Republicans retained a significant majority over the Democrats.
The United States Senate elections of 1878 and 1879 were elections which had the Democratic Party retake control of the United States Senate for the first time since before the Civil War.
The United States Senate elections of 1886 and 1887 were elections that had the Republican Party lose two seats in the United States Senate. At the beginning of the 50th Congress, therefore, Republicans had the slimmest possible majority due to a vacant Democratic seat: 38 out of 75 seats. Once that vacancy was filled, Republicans maintained control as the single Readjuster Senator caucused with them.
The United States Senate elections of 1890 and 1891 were elections in which the Republican Party lost four seats in the United States Senate, though still retaining a slim majority. That majority was increased, however, upon the admission of two more states with Republican senators.
The United States Senate elections of 1906 and 1907 were elections which had the Republican Party gain three seats in the United States Senate, expanding their majority to more twice that of the opposing Democratic Party.
The United States Senate elections of 1866 and 1867 were elections that saw the Republican Party gain two seats in the United States Senate as several of the Southern States were readmitted during Reconstruction, enlarging their majority.
The United States Senate elections of 1860 and 1861 were elections corresponding with Abraham Lincoln's election to the presidency. The nascent Republican Party increased their Senate seats in the general elections, and after southern Democrats withdrew to join the Confederacy, Republicans gained control of the United States Senate. To establish a quorum with fewer members, a lower total seat number was taken into account.
The United States Senate elections of 1862 and 1863 were elections during the American Civil War in which Republicans increased their control of the U.S. Senate. The Republican Party gained three seats, bringing their majority to 66% of the body. Also caucusing with them were Unionists and Unconditional Unionists. As many Southern states seceded in 1860 and 1861, and members left the Senate to join the Confederacy, or were expelled for supporting the rebellion, seats were declared vacant. To establish a quorum with fewer members, a lower total seat number was taken into account.