Burke's Garden | |
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Coordinates: 37°10′12″N81°23′04″W / 37.17000°N 81.38444°W | |
Country | United States |
State | Virginia |
County | Tazewell |
Elevation | 3,074 ft (937 m) |
Population (Now) | |
• Total | about 300 |
• Density | 0.001/sq mi (0.01/km2) |
Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
ZIP code | 24608 [1] |
Area code | 276 |
GNIS feature ID | 1498460 [2] |
Burke's Garden is an upland valley and unincorporated community in Tazewell County, Virginia.
It is surrounded by the Garden Mountain Cluster, wild areas in the national forest recognized by the Wilderness Society as "Mountain Treasures", areas that are worthy of protection from logging and road construction. [3]
The oval, bowl-like valley (or "cove") is known for its fertile land and was once the bed of an ancient sea. About 8.5 miles (13.7 km) long and 4 miles (6.4 km) wide, it resembles a large asteroid impact or volcanic crater in satellite photographs and on topographic maps; however, it is actually a dome-shaped geologic up-warp (anticline) that exposed older Ordovician aged limestone which is much more erodible than the younger Silurian sandstone of surrounding ridges. The mountain valley is the second-highest in Virginia at around 3,000 feet (910 m) above sea level and is completely surrounded by Garden Mountain. [4] This unusual topography is similar to that of Canaan Valley in neighboring West Virginia.
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Burke's Garden has an oceanic climate, abbreviated "Cfb" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Burke's Garden was 97 °F (36.1 °C) on July 28, 1930, while the coldest temperature recorded was −27 °F (−32.8 °C) on December 30, 1917. [5]
Climate data for Burke's Garden, Virginia, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1896–present | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 76 (24) | 73 (23) | 81 (27) | 86 (30) | 92 (33) | 94 (34) | 97 (36) | 96 (36) | 92 (33) | 88 (31) | 77 (25) | 74 (23) | 97 (36) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 59.3 (15.2) | 60.8 (16.0) | 68.7 (20.4) | 76.3 (24.6) | 79.6 (26.4) | 83.0 (28.3) | 84.8 (29.3) | 83.6 (28.7) | 82.1 (27.8) | 76.1 (24.5) | 68.1 (20.1) | 60.7 (15.9) | 85.7 (29.8) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 39.3 (4.1) | 42.4 (5.8) | 50.4 (10.2) | 61.2 (16.2) | 68.9 (20.5) | 75.6 (24.2) | 78.8 (26.0) | 77.5 (25.3) | 72.8 (22.7) | 62.6 (17.0) | 51.7 (10.9) | 42.9 (6.1) | 60.3 (15.8) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 30.1 (−1.1) | 32.6 (0.3) | 39.7 (4.3) | 49.1 (9.5) | 57.2 (14.0) | 64.7 (18.2) | 68.0 (20.0) | 66.6 (19.2) | 60.9 (16.1) | 50.2 (10.1) | 40.1 (4.5) | 33.4 (0.8) | 49.4 (9.7) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 20.9 (−6.2) | 22.9 (−5.1) | 29.0 (−1.7) | 37.1 (2.8) | 45.6 (7.6) | 53.7 (12.1) | 57.3 (14.1) | 55.6 (13.1) | 48.9 (9.4) | 37.8 (3.2) | 28.5 (−1.9) | 23.9 (−4.5) | 38.4 (3.6) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | −1.9 (−18.8) | 3.0 (−16.1) | 10.3 (−12.1) | 20.7 (−6.3) | 29.1 (−1.6) | 39.7 (4.3) | 46.0 (7.8) | 44.5 (6.9) | 33.9 (1.1) | 21.0 (−6.1) | 12.4 (−10.9) | 4.3 (−15.4) | −5.1 (−20.6) |
Record low °F (°C) | −23 (−31) | −24 (−31) | −10 (−23) | 3 (−16) | 19 (−7) | 26 (−3) | 31 (−1) | 30 (−1) | 21 (−6) | 9 (−13) | −3 (−19) | −27 (−33) | −27 (−33) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.98 (101) | 3.67 (93) | 4.42 (112) | 4.05 (103) | 4.72 (120) | 4.27 (108) | 4.62 (117) | 4.03 (102) | 3.64 (92) | 3.16 (80) | 2.96 (75) | 4.05 (103) | 47.57 (1,206) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 13.2 (34) | 11.4 (29) | 9.1 (23) | 1.3 (3.3) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.6 (1.5) | 2.2 (5.6) | 9.1 (23) | 46.9 (119.4) |
Average extreme snow depth inches (cm) | 6.1 (15) | 6.0 (15) | 4.9 (12) | 0.9 (2.3) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.6 (1.5) | 1.4 (3.6) | 4.6 (12) | 9.6 (24) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 14.7 | 12.9 | 13.8 | 12.8 | 15.5 | 15.4 | 16.1 | 14.3 | 10.9 | 10.8 | 10.3 | 13.9 | 161.4 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 6.6 | 6.1 | 4.4 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 1.6 | 5.0 | 24.8 |
Source 1: NOAA [6] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: National Weather Service [5] |
The area was long occupied by varying cultures of indigenous peoples.
Burke's Garden was first surveyed in 1748 by a team of surveyors working for local landowner James Patton. One of the party, James Burke an Irishman, is said to have thrown away some potato peelings while cooking. A year later, when the party returned to the area, they found potatoes growing in the area where the peels had been left. The area was dubbed Burke's Garden as something of a joke, but the name stuck. In 1749, William Ingles went to Burke's Garden to build a house with his uncle, John Ingles. [7] : 87 The community was an outpost of German immigrants who settled in the backcountry frontier in the late 18th century. [8]
The area remained relatively isolated as it was not near the transportation corridors of major rivers. In the late 19th century, agents for the Vanderbilt family contacted local farmers about selling land so that the family could build a large estate there. Nobody wanted to sell, and the Vanderbilts instead constructed their Biltmore Estate near Asheville, North Carolina. [9] In the 1990s, a small number of Amish families moved to Burke's Garden, but later they moved out after being unable to purchase enough land and attract enough other Amish families to form a viable community. [10] Today Amish have returned to Burkes Garden and have a thriving community. Lines of scooters can be seen daily outside the Burkes Garden School and Community Center where the Amish now have their own school. According to Chris Wesner of AmishAmerica there Amish community consisted of about 100 persons in 2021. [11]
The county's oldest church, the Central Lutheran church, is located in Burke's Garden. It originally served multiple denominations so was called Union Church. When the congregation learned their Union Church had joined the Lutheran denomination most members left and established Methodist and Presbyterian churches. In 1952, the community was terrorized by the "Varmint of Burke's Garden", a large coyote that killed many local sheep and caused much damage before being killed.
The area is drained by Wolf Creek (a tributary of the New River) which flows out of the geographic bowl in a northeasterly direction.
The entire valley is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Burke's Garden Rural Historic District; the Burke's Garden Central Church and Cemetery is also listed on the NRHP. [12]
Richlands is a town in Tazewell County, Virginia, United States. The population was 5,261 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Bluefield, WV-VA micropolitan area which has a population of 107,578.
Tazewell is a town in Tazewell County, Virginia, United States. The population was 4,627 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Bluefield, WV-VA micropolitan area, which has a population of 107,578. It is the county seat of Tazewell County.
Tazewell County is a county located in the southwestern portion of the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,429. Its county seat is Tazewell.
The George Washington and Jefferson National Forests is an administrative entity combining two U.S. National Forests into one of the largest areas of public land in the Eastern United States. The forests cover 1.8 million acres (2,800 sq mi) of land in the Appalachian Mountains of Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky. Approximately 1 million acres (1,600 sq mi) of the forest are remote and undeveloped and 139,461 acres (218 sq mi) have been designated as wilderness areas, which prohibits future development.
State Route 61 is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. The state highway runs 48.16 miles (77.51 km) from SR 16 in Tazewell east to U.S. Route 460 in Narrows. SR 61 passes through several narrow creek valleys as it parallels the West Virginia state line through Tazewell, Bland, and Giles counties. The only sizeable community between the highway's endpoints is Rocky Gap, where the highway meets US 52 and Interstate 77 (I-77).
Speedwell is an unincorporated community in Wythe County, Virginia, United States. Speedwell Is famous for 'Cave Hill', a cave in the side of the mountain. Speedwell has been known to be called Speedville.
Burkes Garden Central Lutheran Church, listed as Burkes Garden Central Church and Cemetery, is a historic Lutheran church, cemetery, and national historic district located at Burke's Garden, Tazewell County, Virginia. The church was built in 1875, and is a plain rectangular frame building, two bays long, with a steep gable roof. It originally served multiple denominations as a union church but has exclusively served the Lutheran denomination in modern times.
Newbern is an unincorporated community in Pulaski County, in the U.S. state of Virginia. From 1839 until the court house burned in 1892, Newbern was the county seat of Pulaski County
Beartown Wilderness is a U.S. wilderness area in the Eastern Divide Ranger District of the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests. The Wilderness consists of 5,613 acres (22.72 km2) of land with elevations ranging from 2,400 to 4,800 feet. It was created from existing National Forest lands in 1984 by the Virginia Wilderness Act of 1984.
Garden Mountain Wilderness is a U.S. wilderness area in the Eastern Divide Ranger District of the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests. It is a small wilderness area in western Virginia, consisting of an area of 3,331 acres (13.48 km2) and bordering the Beartown and Hunting Camp Creek Wilderness. It was designated as wilderness area in 2009 by Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009. The wilderness area also borders a portion of the Appalachian Trail.
The Hunting Camp Creek Wilderness is an area protected by the Eastern Wilderness Act of Congress to maintain its present, natural condition. As part of the wilderness system, it helps to preserve a variety of natural life forms and contributes to a diversity of plant and animal gene pools. Over half of the ecosystems in the United States exist within designated wilderness.
The Mount Rogers Cluster is a region recognized by The Wilderness Society for its unique high elevation mountains, vistas, trout streams and wildlife habitat. The heart of the region is Mount Rogers, the highest mountain in Virginia. The area extends over the Mount Rogers National Recreation Area and into part of the Cherokee National Forest.
The Craig Creek Cluster is a region recognized by The Wilderness Society for its unique high elevation mountains, vistas, trout streams and wildlife habitat. The cluster contains wildlands and wilderness areas along Craig Creek, a 65-mile long creek with headwaters at the Brush Mountain Wilderness near Blacksburg.
The Sinking Creek Valley Cluster is a region in the Jefferson National Forest recognized by The Wilderness Society for its unique recreational and scenic values as well as the importance of its watershed protection for Johns Creek and Craig Creek. Sinking Creek Valley is one of the most scenic valleys in Virginia.
The Shenandoah Valley region of Virginia and parts of West Virginia is home to a long-established German-American community dating to the 17th century. The earliest German settlers to Shenandoah, sometimes known as the Shenandoah Deitsch or the Valley Dutch, were Pennsylvania Dutch migrants who traveled from southeastern Pennsylvania. These German settlers traveled southward along what became known as the Great Wagon Road. They were descendants of German, Swiss, and Alsatian Protestants who began settling in Pennsylvania during the late 1600s. Among them were German Palatines who had fled the Rhineland-Palatinate region of southwestern Germany due to religious and political persecution during repeated invasions by French troops.
The Angels Rest Cluster is a region in the Jefferson National Forest recognized by The Wilderness Society for its diversity of habitats with steep mountains, an isolated valley, a waterfall and wetlands. It is named after a high point on Pearis Mountain with views of the New River and surrounding area. It contains two large wild areas connected by the Appalachian Trail.
Beartown Wilderness Addition A, a wildland in the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests of western Virginia, has been recognized by the Wilderness Society as a special place worthy of protection from logging and road construction. The Wilderness Society has designated the area as a "Mountain Treasure". The area. adjacent to the Beartown Wilderness, is proposed as an addition to the wilderness.
Beartown Wilderness Addition B, a wildland in the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests of western Virginia, has been recognized by the Wilderness Society as a special place worthy of protection from logging and road construction. The Wilderness Society has designated the area as a "Mountain Treasure". The area. adjacent to the Beartown Wilderness, is proposed as an addition to the wilderness.
The Garden Mountain Cluster is a region in the Jefferson National Forest recognized by The Wilderness Society for its diversity of habitats extending along the east, south and west of Burke's Garden. The cluster, part of the Appalachian Mountains in southwest Virginia, connects wildlands in the high country of Garden Mountain and adjacent streams and ridges in one of the most remote areas of Virginia.
William Ingles, also spelled Inglis, Ingliss, Engels, or English, was a colonist and soldier in colonial Virginia. He participated in the Sandy Creek Expedition and was a signatory of the Fincastle Resolutions. He was eventually promoted to colonel in the Virginia Regiment. His wife, Mary Draper Ingles, was captured by Shawnee warriors and held captive for months before escaping and walking several hundred miles to her settlement. William's sons, Thomas and George, were also held captive, although William was able to ransom his son Thomas in 1768. William Ingles established Ingles Ferry in southwestern Virginia.