Cleveland | |
---|---|
The former administrative county of Cleveland shown within England | |
Area | |
• 1974 | 144,085 acres (583.09 km2) [1] |
Population | |
• 1973 | 566,740 [2] |
• 1981 | 565,935 |
• 1991 | 541,333 |
History | |
• Origin | County Borough of Teesside |
• Created | 1974 |
• Abolished | 1996 |
ONS code | 14 |
Government | Cleveland County Council |
• Type | Two-tier - upper-tier county council with four lower-tier non-metropolitan borough councils |
• HQ | Middlesbrough |
Subdivisions | |
• Type | Non-metropolitan districts |
• Units | |
| |
Today part of | North Yorkshire and County Durham |
Cleveland was a non-metropolitan county located in North East England which existed between 1974 and 1996. Cleveland was a two-tier county and had four boroughs: Hartlepool, Stockton-on-Tees, Middlesbrough and Langbaurgh-on-Tees. The county town was Middlesbrough, where Cleveland County Council met. The county was named after the historic area of Cleveland, Yorkshire. Its area is now split between the counties of North Yorkshire and County Durham.
The county was abolished in 1996, with its constituent boroughs becoming unitary authorities. Hartlepool and the part of Stockton-on-Tees north of the River Tees became part of the County Durham, and the remainder became part of North Yorkshire. Some public bodies continue to cover the area of the former county, such as Cleveland Police and Cleveland Fire Brigade. Cleveland bordered County Durham to the north and North Yorkshire to the south, with a coastline on the North Sea to the east. It had a total area of 225 square miles (583 km2).
A Bill as originally presented in November 1971 that intended the administrative county to have been an extended form of the then present County Borough of Teesside, an independent district in the North Riding from 1968 to 1974. On 1 April 1974, by the Local Government Act 1972, most of the then Cleveland constituency and Hartlepool were incorporated as the Cleveland non-metropolitan county. [3]
Local government reorganisation, recommended by the Banham Review and accepted by the government, meant that each district borough be re-organised into separate unitary authorities with the Tees be re-established as a ceremonial border between North Yorkshire and County Durham. [4] [5] The county district boroughs of Cleveland were re-organised into Hartlepool, Stockton-on-Tees, Middlesbrough and Redcar and Cleveland. The reorganisation meant that Stockton-on-Tees became the only local authority in England to be split between two counties.
This split was contested by Cleveland County Council, who applied for judicial review over the decision. According to the Minister, David Curry, in the Commons debate on the order on 11 January 1995, this caused a delay from 1 April 1995 as the reorganisation date to 1 April 1996.
As the first of the Orders to be laid before Parliament, it was done in two stages:
The Cleveland (Structural Change) Order 1995 abolished the County Council (to take place on 1 April 1996) and transferred its powers to the district councils, though it did not abolish Cleveland itself. It also renamed Langbaurgh-on-Tees as Redcar and Cleveland. [6]
The Cleveland (Further Provision) Order 1995 abolished the county of Cleveland altogether, creating in its place four counties corresponding to the four boroughs. However, the requirement for counties to have a council was removed for these four counties in particular. [5]
The Lieutenancies Act 1997 placed each district within the ceremonial county of Durham or North Yorkshire, also splitting Stockton-on-Tees along the Tees. [7]
Cleveland, as a conurbation of settlements, was twinned with:
NUTS statistical regions of the United Kingdom were also introduced in 1974. This caused South Humberside to be put with the reformed counties using the name Yorkshire, to form Yorkshire and Humber. South Tees came under North East of England region. [9]
North Yorkshire is a ceremonial county in the Yorkshire and the Humber and North East regions of England. It borders County Durham to the north, the North Sea to the east, the East Riding of Yorkshire to the south-east, South Yorkshire to the south, West Yorkshire to the south-west, and Cumbria and Lancashire to the west.
The North Riding of Yorkshire is a subdivision of Yorkshire, England, alongside York, the East Riding and West Riding. The riding's highest point is at Mickle Fell at 2,585 ft (788 m).
Redcar and Cleveland is a unitary authority area with borough status in North Yorkshire, England.
Teesside is a built-up area around the River Tees in North East England, split between County Durham and North Yorkshire. The area contains the towns of Middlesbrough, Stockton-on-Tees, Billingham, Redcar, Thornaby-on-Tees, and Ingleby Barwick. Teesside's economy was once dominated by heavy manufacturing until deindustrialisation in the latter half of the 20th century. Chemical production continues to contribute significantly to Teesside's economy.
Thornaby-on-Tees, commonly referred to as Thornaby, is a town and civil parish on the River Tees's southern bank. It is in the Borough of Stockton-on-Tees, North Yorkshire, England. The parish had a population of 24,741 at the 2011 census, in the Teesside built-up area.
The Borough of Stockton-on-Tees is a unitary authority with borough status in the counties of County Durham and North Yorkshire, England. The borough had a population of 196,600 in 2021.
The Tees Valley is a combined authority area in North East England, around the lower River Tees. The area is not a geographical valley; the local term for the valley is Teesdale. The combined authority covers five council areas: Darlington, Hartlepool, Middlesbrough, Redcar and Cleveland and Stockton-on-Tees.
Ormesby a village in North Yorkshire, England. Its governance is split between two unitary authorities, to the north Middlesbrough and to the south Redcar and Cleveland, both are part of the devolved Tees Valley area. It is in the Middlesbrough part of the Teesside built up area.
Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties are one of the four levels of subdivisions of England used for the purposes of local government outside Greater London and the Isles of Scilly. As originally constituted, the metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties each consisted of multiple districts, had a county council and were also the counties for the purposes of Lieutenancies. Later changes in legislation during the 1980s and 1990s have resulted in counties with no county council and 'unitary authority' counties with no districts. Counties for the purposes of Lieutenancies are now defined separately, based on the metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties.
The Borough of Hartlepool is a unitary authority area in ceremonial County Durham, England. The borough's largest town is Hartlepool.
Langbaurgh was a parliamentary constituency in south Middlesbrough and Redcar and Cleveland boroughs, the latter previously named Langbaurgh from 1974 to 1996. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post system, and existed from 1983 to 1997.
Langbaurgh West was a division of the wapentake of Langbaurgh in the North Riding of the ancient county of Yorkshire. The area along with Langbaurgh East forms the Anglo-Saxon baronial Liberty of Cleveland and roughly covers the modern districts of Middlesbrough, the western, urbanised portion of Redcar & Cleveland, the southern portion of Stockton-on-Tees, the northern parts of Hambleton and the northern parts of the Borough of Scarborough.
The High Sheriff of Cleveland was a High Sheriff title which was in existence from 1974 until 1996, covering Cleveland, England.
Durham County Council is a local unitary authority governing local government functions for the County Durham district of North East England. The council area covers part of wider ceremonial County Durham. County Hall in Durham is the council's headquarters.
The County Borough of Teesside was a short lived county borough and civil parish in the North Riding of Yorkshire geographical county, around the Teesside agglomeration. It was a 1968 merger of 7 council areas into a single district in. It was the third union of its type and the last to take place until the 1974 reform which replaced it with the wider county of Cleveland.
Cleveland County Council was the county council of the non-metropolitan county of Cleveland in north east England. It came into its powers on 1 April 1974 and was abolished on 31 March 1996.
The county of Durham has returned 7 MPs to the UK Parliament since 1983. Under the Local Government Act 1972, which came into effect on 1 April 1974, the boundaries of the historic/administrative county were significantly altered with the north-east of the county, comprising more than half the electorate, being transferred to the new metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear. In addition, the borough of Hartlepool was included in the new county of Cleveland. These changes were reflected in the following redistribution of parliamentary seats which did not come into effect until the 1983 general election, resulting in a reduction in the county's representation from 16 to 7 MPs.
The non-metropolitan county of Cleveland was created under the Local Government Act 1972, which came into effect on 1 April 1974, comprising the urban areas around the mouth of the River Tees, previously parts of the administrative counties of Durham and North Riding of Yorkshire. Although it was abolished in 1996, the four unitary authorities which succeeded it have been considered together for the purposes of reviewing parliamentary boundaries. The area has returned 6 MPs to the UK Parliament since 1983.
The demography of the Teesside and Tees Valley area in England, is analysed by the Office for National Statistics and data produced for each of the Boroughs that make up the metropolitan area. The area of Teesside is made up of the Unitary Areas (Boroughs) of Middlesbrough, Stockton-On-Tees and Redcar and Cleveland all of which were once part of County Cleveland, but are now split between County Durham and North Yorkshire. The Teesside Built-up Area (BUA) or Tees Valley Combined Authority, is identified by the ONS for statistical purposes and also includes Darlington and Hartlepool.