Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus

Last updated
Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus
HypothalamicNuclei.PNG
Dorsomedial nucleus is 'DM', at center, in green.
Mouse Dorsomedial Hypothalamus.pdf
The dorsomedial hypothalamus of the mouse brain
Details
Identifiers
Latin nucleus dorsomedialis areae hypothalamicae intermediae
MeSH D004302
NeuroNames 397
NeuroLex ID birnlex_1558
TA98 A14.1.08.917
A14.1.08.922
TA2 5728
FMA 62331
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus is a nucleus of the hypothalamus. It is involved in feeding, drinking, body-weight regulation and circadian activity. [1] More specifically, it is a necessary component for the expression of numerous behavioral and physiological circadian rhythms. The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus receives information from neurons and humors involved in feeding regulation, body weight and energy consumption, and then passes this information on to brain regions involved in sleep and wakefulness regulation, body temperature and corticosteroid secretion. [2]

Contents

Function

The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) receives its circadian information from the suprachiasmatic nucleus, both directly and via subparaventricular zone, and senses leptin and other feeding cues, but it is also possible that it contains its own feeding-entrained oscillator (FEO). This still has yet to be proven in vitro . The DMH sends information to the ventrolateral preoptic area, locus coeruleus, and orexinergic neurons in order to aid in the regulation of wakefulness. The DMH is also involved in the regulation of hypothalamic outflow to the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems. [3] Almost all major nuclei and areas of the hypothalamus feed information to the DMH. [4]

The DMH is also known as a stress center. The inhibition of neuronal activation using muscimol in the DMH inhibited 85% of heart rate response and 68% of blood pressure response to air stress. This displays that the DMH plays a role in the increase of heart rate and blood pressure as cardiovascular responses to stress. [5] Such sympathetic responses to psychological stress, including elevation of body temperature, are driven by a descending neural pathway from the DMH to sympathetic premotor neurons in the rostral raphe pallidus nucleus (rRPa) of the medulla oblongata. [6] A study in 2020, discovered a psychosomatic neural pathway from the dorsal peduncular cortex (DP) in the medial prefrontal cortex to the DMH that drives a variety of physiological responses to psychological stress. [7] The DMH is also a part of the pathway corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) takes when it is secreted by the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, and it is involved in the flow from the sympathetic nervous system to the adrenal gland. [8]

Clinical significance

Damage

It was found in the study done by Gooley et al. that lesions in DMH neurons in rats prevented food entrainment of wakefulness, locomotor activity, and core body temperature. This further verifies its role in oscillation between feeding and circadian rhythm. [3] Lesions in the DMH of rats also caused a weakened level of response to the feeding-stimulant insulin. [8]

References

  1. ↑ Chou, Thomas C.; Scammell, Thomas E.; Gooley, Joshua J.; Gaus, Stephanie E.; Saper, Clifford B.; Lu, Jun (November 2003). "Critical role of dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus in a wide range of behavioral circadian rhythms". The Journal of Neuroscience. 23 (33): 10691–702. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-33-10691.2003. PMC   6740926 . PMID   14627654.
  2. ↑ Gooley, Joshua J; Schomer, Ashley; Saper, Clifford B (March 2006). "The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus is critical for the expression of food-entrainable circadian rhythms". Nature Neuroscience. 9 (3): 398–407. doi:10.1038/nn1651. PMID   16491082. S2CID   8250782.
  3. 1 2 Mieda, Michihiro; Williams, S. Clay; Richardson, James A.; Tanaka, Kohichi; Yanagisawa, Masashi (August 2006). "The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus as a putative food-entrainable circadian pacemaker". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (32): 12150–5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0604189103 . PMC   1567710 . PMID   16880388.
  4. ↑ Thompson RH, Swanson LW (July 1998). "Organization of inputs to the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus: a reexamination with Fluorogold and PHAL in the rat". Brain Research Reviews. 27 (2): 89–118. doi:10.1016/S0165-0173(98)00010-1. PMID   9622601. S2CID   28298757.
  5. ↑ Stotz-Potter, Elizabeth H.; Willis, Lynn R.; DiMicco, Joseph A. (February 1996). "Muscimol acts in dorsomedial but not paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus to suppress cardiovascular effects of stress". The Journal of Neuroscience. 16 (3): 1173–9. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-03-01173.1996. PMC   6578823 . PMID   8558246.
  6. ↑ Kataoka, Naoya; Hioki, Hiroyuki; Kaneko, Takeshi; Nakamura, Kazuhiro (2014-08-05). "Psychological Stress Activates a Dorsomedial Hypothalamus-Medullary Raphe Circuit Driving Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis and Hyperthermia". Cell Metabolism. 20 (2): 346–358. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.05.018. hdl: 2433/194291 .
  7. ↑ Kataoka, Naoya; Shima, Yuta; Nakajima, Keisuke; Nakamura, Kazuhiro (2020-03-06). "A central master driver of psychosocial stress responses in the rat" . Science. 367 (6482): 1105–1112. doi:10.1126/science.aaz4639. ISSN   0036-8075.
  8. 1 2 Bernardis, Lee L.; Bellinger, Larry L. (September 1998). "The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus revisited: 1998 update". Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 218 (4): 284–306. doi:10.3181/00379727-218-44296. PMID   9714072. S2CID   42864935.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.