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Humanized antibodies are antibodies from non-human species whose protein sequences have been modified to increase their similarity to antibody variants produced naturally in humans. The process of "humanization" is usually applied to monoclonal antibodies developed for administration to humans. Humanization can be necessary when the process of developing a specific antibody involves generation in a non-human immune system. The protein sequences of antibodies produced in this way are partially distinct from homologous antibodies occurring naturally in humans, and are therefore potentially immunogenic when administered to human patients. The International Nonproprietary Names of humanized antibodies end in -zumab, as in omalizumab.
The Sphingobacteriales is an order of environmental bacteria.
Akkermansia is a genus in the phylum Verrucomicrobiota (Bacteria). The genus was first proposed by Derrien et al. (2004), with the type species Akkermansia muciniphila.
Parasutterella is a genus of Gram-negative, circular/rod-shaped, obligate anaerobic, non-spore forming bacteria from the Pseudomonadota phylum, Betaproteobacteria class and the family Sutterellaceae. Previously, this genus was considered "unculturable," meaning that it could not be characterized through conventional laboratory techniques, such as grow in culture due its unique requirements of anaerobic environment. The genus was initially discovered through 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. By analyzing the sequence similarity, Parasutterella was determined to be related most closely to the genus Sutterella and previously classified in the family Alcaligenaceae.
Parasutterella secunda is a Gram-negative, nonsaccharolytic, strictly anaerobic, non-spore-forming, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Parasutterella in the family Sutterellaceae, isolated from human faeces. Colonies of Parasutterella secunda are translucent to beige colored.
Sutterella is a genus of Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, Betaproteobacteria whose species have been isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract as well as canine feces. The genus of the family Sutterellaceae currently encompasses 4 distinct species, though at least 5 additional species have been proposed that do not yet meet International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) standards for classification. Sutterella are frequently referred to as commensal in the context of human hosts, but are associated with inflammation, which has implications for a number of diseases.
Citrobacter rodentium is a Gram-negative species of bacteria first described in 1996. It infects the intestinal tract of rodents.
Catenibacterium is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming and anaerobic genus from the family Erysipelotrichidae, with one known species.
Tessaracoccus rhinocerotis is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus Tessaracoccus which has been isolated from the faeces of the rhino from the Yunnan Wild Animal Park in China.
Olsenella scatoligenes is a Gram-positive, saccharolytic, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Olsenella which has been isolated from faeces of a pig from the Aarhus University in Denmark.Olsenella scatoligenes produces 3-methylindole and 4-methylphenol.
Caldicoprobacter oshimai is a Gram-positive, extremely thermophilic, anaerobic, xylanolytic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Caldicoprobacter which has been isolated from faeces of sheep from the farm at the University of Georgia in the United States.
Ileibacterium is a genus from the family of Erysipelotrichidae.
Ileibacterium valens is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Ileibacterium which has been isolated from the intestine of a murine from New York City in the United States.
Butyricimonas is a Gram-negative and anaerobic genus of bacteria from the family of Odoribacteraceae. Bacteria in this genus are present in the gastrointestinal tract of various mammals such as rats and humans.
Succinatimonas is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, spore-forming, strictly aerobic and non-motile genus of bacteria from the family of Succinivibrionaceae with one known species. Succinatimonas hippei has been isolated from human faeces. This bacteria is known for its ability to spread pathogens in a small population.
Dubosiella is a Gram-positive genus from the family of Erysipelotrichidae with one known species. Dubosiella newyorkensis has been isolated from the intestinal content of a murine from New York City in the United States. Dubosiella is named after the American microbiologist René Dubos.
Faecalibacillus is a Gram-positive, obligately anaerobic long-rod-shaped and non-spore-forming genus from the family of Erysipelotrichidae with one known species. Faecalibacillus intestinalis has been isolated from human faeces.
Paraprevotella is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, pleomorphic and anaerobic genus of bacteria from the family of Prevotellaceae. Paraprevotella clara and Paraprevotella xylaniphila have been isolated from human faeces.
Acinetobacter lanii is a Gram-negative, non-haemolytic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Acinetobacter which has been isolated from the faeces of a Kiang from the Tibetan Plateau.
Filobacterium rodentium is a species of bacteria, the only species in the genus Filobacterium and the family Filobacteriaceae.
References
- 1 2 "Faecalibaculum". LPSN .
- ↑ "Faecalibaculum". www.uniprot.org.
- 1 2 Parker, Charles Thomas; Garrity, eds. (2016). "Taxonomic Abstract for the genera". NamesforLife, LLC. doi:10.1601/tx.28093 . Retrieved 21 January 2016.
- ↑ Chang, Dong-Ho; Rhee, Moon-Soo; Ahn, Sharon; Bang, Byung-Ho; Oh, Ji Eun; Lee, Heung Kyu; Kim, Byoung-Chan (8 September 2015). "Faecalibaculum rodentium gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the faeces of a laboratory mouse". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 108 (6): 1309–1318. doi:10.1007/s10482-015-0583-3. PMID 26349481. S2CID 85478281.
- ↑ "German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH: Details". www.dsmz.de.
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