Fairbairn Dam

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Fairbairn Dam
Australia Queensland relief location map.jpg
Red pog.svg
Location of the dam wall in Queensland
CountryAustralia
Locationsouthwest of Emerald, Central Queensland
Coordinates 23°39′00″S148°03′56″E / 23.65000°S 148.06556°E / -23.65000; 148.06556
Purpose Irrigation, water supply, flood mitigation
StatusOperational
Construction began1968
Opening dateDecember 1972 (1972-12)
Operator(s) SunWater
Dam and spillways
Type of dam Embankment dam
Impounds Nogoa River
Height46 m (151 ft)
Length823 m (2,700 ft)
Dam volume5,249×10^3 m3 (185.4×10^6 cu ft)
Spillway type Uncontrolled
Spillway capacity15,580 m3/s (550,000 cu ft/s)
Reservoir
CreatesLake Maraboon
Total capacity2,289,129 ML (5.03538×1011 imp gal; 6.04724×1011 US gal)
Active capacity1,301,000 ML (2.86×1011 imp gal; 3.44×1011 US gal)
Catchment area 16,320 km2 (6,300 sq mi)
Surface area15,000 ha (37,000 acres)
Maximum water depth31.7 m (104 ft)
Normal elevation204 m (669 ft) AHD  

The Fairbairn Dam is an earth-filled embankment dam across the Nogoa River, located southwest of Emerald in Central Queensland, Australia. Constructed in 1972 for the primary purpose of irrigation, the impoundment created by the dam serves as one of the major potable water supplies for the region and assists with some flood mitigation. [1]

Contents

Lake Maraboon with an active capacity of 1,301,000 ML (2.86×1011 imp gal; 3.44×1011 US gal) was formed by damming of the Nogoa River, and, in 2008, was Queensland's second largest dam. [1] Its capacity is approximately three times larger than Sydney Harbour. Maraboon is the Aboriginal for "where the black ducks fly". [2]

Location and features

Commenced in 1968, the dam was engineered by Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Authority and completed in December 1972 for the purposes of irrigation and water storage. Storage of water commenced in January 1972 and the dam filled and overflowed for the first time two years later. [3] The dam wall consists of a 5,249 thousand cubic metres (185.4×10^6 cu ft) earthfill embankment 823 metres (2,700 ft) in length and 46 metres (151 ft) high. The reservoir has a catchment area of 16,320 square kilometres (6,300 sq mi) with an uncontrolled concrete spillway capable of discharging 15,580 cubic metres per second (550,000 cu ft/s). The reservoir has an active capacity of 1,301,000 ML (2.86×1011 imp gal; 3.44×1011 US gal) of water; [4] [5] When the dam spills over it flows into the Nogoa River.

About 300 irrigators are supplied with water for cotton, citrus and other horticulture operations. [6] The dam is relatively shallow with large areas of standing timber. There are no boating restrictions and one concrete boat ramp. [7]

Water from the Fairbairn Dam is released down the Nogoa River to the Selma Weir for supply to the town of Emerald. Supplies are diverted by pipelines to the towns of Blackwater, Bluff, Tieri, Dysart and Middlemount. Water from the dam also supplies coal mining developments on the Bowen Basin. [3]

The dam and reservoir are operated by SunWater.

A 50th birthday celebration for the dam is being held on Saturday 21 May 2022 sponsored by Sunwater and the Central Highlands Regional Council. [8]

Water storage levels

In July 2003, cotton farmers who were reliant on the dam for irrigation had their water allocation cut by 75%. [9] In November 2006, the dam had reached its lowest level ever—just 14% of total capacity. [6] Over that summer low inflows and high evaporation rates had dropped levels to 12%.

On 18 January 2008 water in the reservoir overflowed the dam spillway [10] for the first time in 17 years, due to heavy local rain. [11] Within 48 hours, the water level was about 3.5 metres (11 ft) over the spillway level, or 156% of active capacity. The water level peaked at about 4.5 metres (15 ft) on 22 January 2008. Downstream 2,700 residents had to be evacuated due to flooding. [12] Seven days earlier, the lake was operating at 29% of full capacity. [13]

On 30 December 2010 during the 2010–11 Queensland floods, the Fairbairn Dam reached a peak of 2,289,129 ML (5.03538×1011 imp gal; 6.04724×1011 US gal), or 176% of active capacity, with a reservoir elevation of 209.81 metres (688.4 ft) AHD  . Water was recorded at 5.58 metres (18.3 ft) above the spillway. [14]

Dam capacities in Australia are frequently compared with the capacity of Sydney Harbour which holds approximately 500,000 megalitres (1.1×1011 imp gal; 1.3×1011 US gal). [15] This would make the dam approximately 3 times the storage of Sydney Harbour in normal conditions and 4 times in extreme flood.

On 29 December 2019 the Fairbairn Dam was at 9.6% capacity, [16] the previous record low capacity was in December 2006 at 11.8%. [17] In December 2019 the Central Highlands Regional Council made the decision to stay on level 1 water restrictions whilst they were undertaking a review of their trigger levels for water restrictions. [18] A record low of 7.39% was reached in 2020. [19]

In late 2022, the dam reached 40% of capacity, allowing farmers to access full water allocations. [19]

Fishing

The lake has been stocked with barramundi, Mary River cod, southern saratoga, bass and silver perch. [7] Eel-tailed catfish, spangled perch, red claw crayfish, sooty grunter and golden perch Georgia fish are additionally present. On the lake fishing is banned within 200 metres (660 ft) of the dam wall, while below the ban extends for 400 metres (1,300 ft). [7]

See also

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References

  1. 1 2 "Fairbairn Dam performed well during Emerald's major flood event" (Press release). SunWater. 4 February 2008. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  2. ↑ "Fairbairn Dam visitor info" (PDF). SunWater. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  3. 1 2 "Nogoa Mackenzie". Storage Schemes. SunWater . Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  4. ↑ "Fairbairn Dam". Current Water Storage Information. SunWater. Archived from the original on 28 May 2010. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
  5. ↑ "Register of Large Dams in Australia". Dams information. Australian National Committee on Large Dams. 2010. Archived from the original (Excel (requires download)) on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
  6. 1 2 Thompson, Tuck (16 November 2006). "Fairbairn dry for irrigators". The Courier Mail . Queensland Newspapers . Retrieved 15 May 2009.
  7. 1 2 3 Harrison, Rod; Ernie James; Chris Sully; Bill Classon; Joy Eckermann (2008). Queensland Dams. Bayswater, Victoria: Australian Fishing Network. pp. 102–103. ISBN   978-1-86513-134-4.
  8. ↑ "Open day marks Fairbairn Dam's 50-year milestone". Sunwater. 18 May 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  9. ↑ "Cotton downturn to hit central highlands' economy". ABC News . Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 1 July 2003. Retrieved 15 May 2009.[ permanent dead link ]
  10. ↑ Belonogoff, Annisa (23 January 2008). "Fairbairn Dam continues to spill" (photo). ABC News . Australia. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  11. ↑ "Drought-stricken Fairbairn Dam overflows". 19 January 2008. Retrieved 20 January 2008.
  12. ↑ "Flood victims 'hung out to dry' by insurers". Brisbane Times . 3 May 2008. Retrieved 15 May 2009.
  13. ↑ "Latest River Heights for Nogoa River at Fairbairn Dam". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Australian Government.
  14. ↑ "New record for Fairbairn Dam" (Press release). SunWater. 31 December 2010. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  15. ↑ "When dam size matters". Bureau of Meteorology. 25 October 2012. Archived from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
  16. ↑ "Sunwater Fairbairn Dam Water Level". Storage Levels Sunwater. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  17. ↑ "Fairbairn Dam water allocations impacted by record low level". Queensland Country Life. 13 March 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  18. ↑ "Why water restrictions arent tighter in Emerald". CQ News.
  19. 1 2 Heagney, Pat (5 November 2022). "Fairbairn Dam reaches highest level in five years as farmers, locals rejoice". ABC News . Australian Broadcasting Corporation . Retrieved 12 November 2022.
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