Ford Escort (North America)

For the European counterpart, see Ford Escort (Europe).

Ford Escort (North America)
Overview
Manufacturer	Ford Motor Company
Production	1980–2003
Body and chassis
Class	Compact car
Layout	FF layout
Chronology
Predecessor	Ford Pinto / Mercury Bobcat Ford Fiesta (1978–1980) (North America)
Successor	Ford Focus

The North American version of the Ford Escort is a range of cars that were sold by Ford from the 1981 to 2003 model years. The direct successor of the Ford Pinto, the Escort also largely overtook the role of the European-imported Ford Fiesta as the smallest vehicle in the Ford model line in North America. Produced across three generations, the first generation was a subcompact; the latter two generations were compact cars. Becoming highly successful in the marketplace, the Escort became the best-selling car in the United States after 1982, a position it would hold for much of the 1980s.

Produced across three generations, the Escort was the first world car developed by Ford, with the first-generation American Escort designed alongside Ford of Europe, who transitioned the Escort Mk III to front-wheel drive. During its production, the Escort also underwent a wide use of platform sharing and rebranding. The first generation served as the basis of the longer-wheelbase Ford Tempo/Mercury Topaz, the two-seat Ford EXP/Mercury LN7 and was rebranded as the Mercury Lynx. The second generation was introduced for 1991, growing into the compact segment. Moving away from a shared design with Ford of Europe, the Escort now shared a platform with the Mazda 323 and sharing a body with the Ford Laser (a model line sold in Asia and Oceania); the Mercury Lynx was replaced by the Mercury Tracer. For 1997, the third generation served as an extensive redesign of the previous-generation sedan; the Escort ZX2 two-door was introduced, with the Mercury Tracer adopting a similar redesign.

Ford introduced the Ford Focus in North America for 2000 as its third "world car", phasing it in as the successor of the Escort. After 2000, the four-door Escort was moved primarily to fleet sales (with the coupe remaining available); production ended entirely after the 2002 model year. In contrast to the first-generation American Escort and Escort Mk III of Ford of Europe (and the Mondeo/Contour and Mercury Mystique), the Focus adopted a much larger degree of commonality between its European and North American variants, in effect, becoming the original world car Ford had originally envisioned with the Escort.

During its entire production, the Escort was produced by Wayne Stamping & Assembly in (Wayne, Michigan) and the first generation was also produced by Edison Assembly in (Edison, New Jersey), San Jose Assembly Plant in (Milpitas, California), and Oakville Assembly in (Oakville, Ontario, Canada) while the second and third generations were also produced by Hermosillo Stamping and Assembly in (Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico).

Ford "world car"

American version: 1981 Ford Escort GLX (on display at The Henry Ford)

European version: 1981 Ford Escort Mk III 1.3L

The North American Ford Escort began as an intended "world car" project by Ford in North America and Ford of Europe, which had sold cars branded "Ford Escort" since 1968. Ford had already tried to market some of its European models in the North American market, including the Capri and the Mk I Fiesta, but these were single products conceived from the beginning to cater for both markets, not world cars. Following the success of the smaller Fiesta, the new vehicle was to adopt a front-wheel drive powertrain.

The program intended to consolidate the replacements for the North American Ford Pinto and the European Ford Escort Mk II under a single model architecture. Intended for a 1981 model launch, the original intent was for the American Escort and the European Mk III Escort to share a common chassis architecture and components. During model development, American and European design teams diverged in thinking, leading to extensive differences in the final product lines.

Though they share the same basic shape, the 1981 Ford Escort and Escort Mk III share no interchangeable body parts; the only common components between the two vehicles are the CVH inline-4 engine and the ATX automatic transmission. The suspension is the same basic design between both cars, but again the components are not interchangeable. While sharing a common 94.2 inch wheelbase, the American Escort is longer and wider than the European version; most versions are fitted with a larger amount of chrome exterior trim typical of American vehicles of the period, and the altered proportions gave the car a heavier and more ungainly appearance than its European sister. In Europe, the Escort was produced in three body styles never developed for North America, including a 3-door station wagon, 2-door convertible, and a 2-door van. The European version also had a 4-door sedan derivative marketed separately under the Orion nameplate.

First generation (1981–1990)

First generation
Overview
Also called	Mercury Lynx
Production	1980–1990 (Escort) 1980–1987 (Lynx)
Model years	1981–1990 (Escort) 1981–1987 (Lynx)
Assembly	Edison, New Jersey, U.S. (Edison Assembly) Milpitas, California, U.S. (San Jose Assembly Plant) Wayne, Michigan, U.S. (Michigan Assembly Plant),(Wayne Stamping & Assembly) Oakville, Ontario, Canada (Oakville Assembly)
Body and chassis
Body style	3/5-door hatchback 5-door station wagon
Platform	Ford CE14 platform
Related	Ford EXP / Mercury LN7 Ford Tempo / Mercury Topaz Ford Escort (Europe) Ford Orion
Powertrain
Engine	1.6 L CVH I4 1.9 L CVH I4 2.0 L Mazda RF diesel I4
Transmission	4-speed MTX-II manual 5-speed MTX-III manual 3-speed ATX/FLC automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	94.2 in (2,393 mm)
Length	169.4 in (4,303 mm) GT: 169.0 in (4,293 mm)
Width	65.9 in (1,674 mm)
Height	Hatchback: 53.7 in (1,364 mm) Sedan: 53.4 in (1,356 mm)
Curb weight	2,243 lb (1,017 kg) (Escort GT)

1981 Ford Escort "World Car" badge

The first-generation Ford Escort was launched on October 3, 1980, for the 1981 model year, with Lincoln-Mercury marketing the model line as the Mercury Lynx. ^[1] Sharing a nearly identical wheelbase with the Pinto, the Escort grew in size over its predecessor, nearly six inches longer and over three inches taller. Alongside an unnamed base trim, the Escort was marketed in L, GL, GLX, and SS trim levels. ^[2]

1981-1984

1982-1985 Ford Escort GL Squire

1982-1985 Ford Escort GL 5-door

For 1981, the Escort was initially introduced with three-door hatchback and five-door station wagon body styles; a five-door hatchback was introduced in May 1981. ^{[3] [4]} To showcase its "world car" status, Ford designed an Escort badge for the front fenders including a globe representing the earth; this badge was used for 1981 only. In line with the larger Fairmont and LTD Crown Victoria station wagons, the Escort wagon was offered with an imitation woodgrain Squire package in the GL and GLX trims. ^{[5] [6]}

For 1982, the exterior received a minor revision, as the model badging was revised to reflect the adoption of the Ford Blue Oval emblem on the North American product lines. Along with an updated grille, the blue oval also replaced the previous "FORD" lettering on the liftgate. ^[7] The "SS" package was also available during 1981; this included blacked-out trim, a special stripe and decal package, upgraded brakes, and wider tires but no additional power. The SS package was replaced with the (more powerful) Escort GT the following year due to an interaction with General Motors' Chevrolet SS option package. The Ford EXP was introduced as a two-seat hatchback coupe (see below). Starting at a price of $5,518, ^[8] the 1982 Escort became the best-selling Ford model line and the best-selling automobile nameplate in the United States. ^[7]

For 1983, the exterior was largely carryover, with most changes concentrated to the Escort GT and the EXP. For liftback/wagon Escorts, the unnamed base model was dropped, leaving the L trim as standard. ^[7]

For 1984, the trim levels were revised further, as the GLX was dropped and replaced with a fuel-injected LX model. ^[7] Offered for the five-door hatchback or wagon, the LX was fitted with the fuel-injected engine of the GT, along with its blackout trim and styled cast-aluminum wheels. The interior of the Escort was revised, introducing a new dashboard and new rubber shift boots for manual transmissions; automatic models received new gear selector levers with straight lines for gear selection instead of the twisting "question mark" pattern of the previous models. In line with other Fords, activation of the horn was moved from the turn signal stalk to the steering wheel. ^[7]

1985–1990

1986 Ford Escort L

1989-1990 Ford Escort LX 5-door

1988-1990 Ford Escort LX wagon

Debuting as a "1985½" model change, Ford released a revision of the first-generation Escort. While much of the bodyshell was carried over, the front fascia saw extensive aerodynamic revisions, with designers fitting a smaller grille and flush-mounted aerodynamic headlamps, and the 1.6 L engine was replaced with a more powerful 1.9 L. Chrome trim was now largely relegated to the bumpers. In a trim revision, the Escort Pony became the lowest-price version of the model line, replacing the Escort L entirely for 1986. ^[7] The Mazda diesel engine continued to be available in the five-door hatchback versions of the Lynx and Escort until discontinued after 1987.

For 1987, the trim lineup was simplified to a three-version range, including the Pony, GL, and GT. The Pony and GT were offered solely as a three-doors; the GL was offered as a three-door, five-door, and wagon. ^[9] The model year also saw the retirement of the Mercury Lynx, replaced by the Mercury Tracer during 1987 (a rebranded Ford Laser, itself derived from the Mazda 323). ^[10] 1987 was also the last year the Escort was built in Canada. ^[11]

The Escort saw a second facelift in mid-1988, commonly referred to as the "88.5" year, which smoothed out the front and rear fascias. The integrated plastic bumpers replaced the metal bumpers, while the rear side windows were enlarged, and the rear-end design was more rounded. Larger, 14 inch wheels replaced 13 inch units on non-GTs and to accommodate passive-restraint regulations, the Escort received automatic shoulder safety belts. ^[7] Three-door hatchback models had curving window lines along the sides towards the rear of the cars. The Escort EXP was discontinued and the LX trim replaced the GL, while the Escort Pony replaced the Standard and L versions. ^{[7] [9]} Finding some popularity during the final three years of this generation was the Pony model, which was the least-expensive U.S.-built Ford prior to the introduction of the Ford Festiva. Pony models used plainer interior trim with greater use of vinyl and plastic instead of cloth, and four-speed manual transaxles were standard, although buyers could opt for the five-speed manual or the three-speed ATX automatic. The list of available options was very limited, to the extent that such luxuries as power steering and factory-installed air conditioning were not offered (a dealer-installed A/C system was available). Given their lighter weight, the Pony models also had somewhat better fuel economy than the regular Escorts.

The 88.5 Escort remained largely unchanged for the 1989 and 1990 model years. As Ford was gearing up for the April 1990 introduction of the next generation Escort, this version was only built at the Edison Assembly plant in New Jersey for the abbreviated 1990 model year. ^[12]

Powertrain details

Developed for the Escort on both sides of the Atlantic, the CVH inline-four engine family was introduced in a 1.6-litre displacement alone for the North American market; a 1.3 L engine was designed and a prototype made, but did not see production due to lack of power and an inability to get it certified. ^[3] The launch version of the hemi overhead cam inline-four produces 65 hp (48 kW). ^[3] It was paired with four-speed MTX-2 and five-speed MTX-3 manual transmissions, and a three-speed ATX/FLC automatic transmission. For 1982 models, the engine was tuned to 69 hp (51 kW). ^[8]

In March 1982 an HO (high output) version of the engine was added, originally only in the EXP and with an automatic transmission, but soon thereafter available with a manual and also in the sporting Escort GT (which had replaced the SS). ^[13] This unit produces 80 hp (60 kW), thanks to a higher compression ratio, a new exhaust system, and larger venturis in the carburetor. Multi-port fuel injection increased the output of the HO engine to 88 hp (66 kW) for 1983. ^[7] The 1983 GT was the first US Escort to be offered with a 5-speed manual transmission.

For 1984, two new engines were introduced. A Mazda-sourced, 2.0-litre diesel inline-four producing 52 hp (39 kW) became available on non-GT Escort/Lynx trims; in contrast to the diesel, a turbocharged version of the 1.6-litre four raised output to 120 hp (89 kW) for the EXP Turbo. ^[14] The turbo engine then found its way into the Escort GT (and Lynx RS) during the 1984 model year.

As part of the mid-1985 model-year revision, the 1.6-litre engine was enlarged to 1.9 litres, increasing output to 86 hp (64 kW); the high output GT engine offered 108 hp (81 kW) thanks to revised intake manifolds, cylinder heads and real headers. The GT was available only with manual transmissions, and the Turbo GT was retired. Estimates state that only about 1,000 Turbo GTs were built in the partial 1984 model year, it is unknown how many early 1985s were made.

For 1987, the standard Escort adopted throttle-body fuel injection, dropping the carburetor; output again inched up to 90 hp (67 kW). ^[7] The model year also saw the retirement of the diesel engine, discontinued due to low demand as American buyers largely gave up on diesel-engined cars during the 1980s (the proportion of diesel sales overall went from a peak of 6.1 percent in 1981 to 0.37 percent in 1986). Less than 1.2 percent of Escort/Lynx overall sales were diesels. ^[15]

The Escort's engines received a slightly revised camshaft and roller lifters along with the mid-1988 revision; power of the standard model was unchanged but the GT went up slightly, to 110 hp (82 kW).

Engine configuration	Engine family	Production	Output	Notes
97 cu in (1.6 L) I4	Ford CVH engine	1981–1985	65–70 hp (48–52 kW)
		1982–1985	80 hp (60 kW)	High output (H.O.)
		1983–1985	88 hp (66 kW)	GT multi-port EFI
97 cu in (1.6 L) turbocharged I4	Ford CVH engine	1984–1985	120 hp (89 kW)	Turbo GT multi-port EFI
122 cu in (2.0 L) I4 diesel	Mazda RF diesel	1984–1987	52 hp (39 kW)	All except GT
113 cu in (1.9 L) I4	Ford CVH engine	1985.5–1986	86 hp (64 kW)	2-bbl carburetor [7]
		1987–1990	90 hp (67 kW)	CFI (Central Fuel Injection)
		1985–1988	108 hp (81 kW)	GT EFI HO; multi-port EFI
		1988.5–1990	110 hp (82 kW)	GT EFI HO; multi-port EFI roller lifters & matching camshafts

Production Figures

Ford Escort Production Figures ^[16]

	3-door	5-door	Wagon	Yearly Total
1981	192,554	-	128,173	320,727
1982	165,660	130,473	88,999	385,132
1983	151,386	84,649	79,335	315,370
1984	184,323	99,444	88,756	372,523
1985	212,960	111,385	82,738	407,083
1986	228,013	117,300	84,740	430,053
1987	206,729	102,187	65,849	374,765
1988 [a]	251,911	113,470	56,654	422,035
1989	201,288	110,631	30,888	342,807
1990 [b]	N/A	N/A	N/A	290,516 [17]
For 1988, Ford EXP production figures are combined with the Ford Escort figures The 1990 model year was only 8 months long, it is unclear whether this figure includes early production of the succeeding generation as well

Variants

EXP

Main article: Ford EXP

1982 Ford EXP

Introduced for 1982, the two-seat Ford EXP (later Escort EXP) was a coupe variant of the Escort. The first production two-seat Ford since the Thunderbird, the EXP was developed with a sportier exterior appearance (but few performance upgrades) over the standard three-door liftback. The EXP was sold by Lincoln-Mercury from 1982 to 1983 as the Mercury LN7, differing slightly in grille and hatchback design.

Following the 1985 update of the Escort, the EXP underwent a restyling, becoming the Escort EXP. Distinguished by the adoption of the front fascia from the liftback Escort, the two-seat coupe adopted a more subdued appearance. The variant was discontinued after the 1988 model year; as consumer demand shifted away from two-seat vehicles, Ford sought to concentrate its resources on the four-seat Ford Probe (which began development as the intended 1989 Ford Mustang).

Escort GT

19851⁄2-1988 Ford Escort GT

1990 Ford Escort GT

For 1981, Ford introduced the Escort SS as a performance-oriented version of the model line, offered as both a three-door liftback and five-door station wagon. Externally distinguished by blacked-out trim, special stripes and SS decals, the Escort SS also received upgraded brakes, suspension, and model-specific seats and full instrumentation. ^[2] The drivetrain was unchanged; 6,842 Escort SS were built for the 1981 model year. ^[18]

As a running change during the 1982 model year, the Escort SS was renamed the Escort GT. In addition to removing conflict with the Chevrolet SS option package, ^[5] the change aligned the model nomenclature with the namesake Mustang GT (with Ford offering the Escort GT solely as a three-door). Aside from the new HO engine, the GT featured cosmetic changes such as "GT" emblems and stripes, while under the shell there were improved brakes and a close-ratio four-speed gearbox. Also included were metric TR sport alloy wheels with Michelin TRX tires, fog lights, and front and rear spoilers. ^[13]

For 1983, the GT received a fuel-injected 1.6-litre engine, raising output to 88 hp (66 kW); the engine was now also paired to a 5-speed manual transmission. A Turbo GT was introduced, increasing output to 120 hp (89 kW). ^[7]

For 1984, the Escort GT was largely carryover, with the Turbo GT lasting into the first half of 1985 production. ^[7]

For the 19851⁄2 revision of the Escort, the GT initially went on hiatus, returning for the 1986 model year. ^[7] Alongside the standard Escort, the 1.6 was replaced by a 1.9-litre fuel-injected engine, with the GT receiving a higher-output 108 hp (81 kW) version thereof. ^{[7] [9]} Distinguished by its body-color asymmetrical grille, the GT received body-color bumpers (integrating the foglamps), 15-inch alloy wheels, body sill skirts, and optional two-tone paint (similar to the Merkur).

While 1987 was largely carryover, the GT underwent a second facelift midway through the 1988 model year alongside the standard Escort 3-door. The 19881⁄2 Escort GT replaced the asymmetrical grille with a body-color insert and new rear spoiler, while power climbed by two horsepower. ^[7] For 1989, the GT received another grille revision, and stayed unchanged for 1990.

Mercury Lynx

1982 Mercury Lynx 5-door

1986-1987 Mercury Lynx wagon

The first-generation Ford Escort was marketed by Lincoln-Mercury as the Mercury Lynx. The successor to the Mercury Bobcat, the Lynx also adopted a nameplate derived from big cats. Sharing its entire body with the Escort, the Lynx differed from its Ford counterpart primarily in its grille styling, parking light and taillamp lenses, and the use of additional chrome trim. Similar to the Escort, the Lynx was introduced in base, L, GL, GS, LS, and RS trims; ^[19] the Mercury LN7 was the divisional counterpart of the Ford EXP.

A late addition for the 1983 model year, Mercury introduced the Lynx LTS (Luxury Touring Sedan ^[20] ) in October 1982. ^[21] The counterpart of the Escort LX, the HO engine equipped LTS was also fitted with blacked-out exterior trim, TRX aluminum wheels, low-back bucket cloth seats, and upgraded suspension, serving as a five-door counterpart of the Lynx RS (Escort GT). ^{[21] [22]}

Alongside the Escort, the Lynx underwent a mid-1985 body revision. Distinguished by the addition of the "cascading" Mercury emblem replacing the "big cat" logo (used by the Mercury Cougar), the Lynx received an all-black grille between flush-mounted aerodynamic headlamps. For 1986, the Lynx RS was renamed the XR3 to align it with the Cougar XR7 (and the eventual Topaz XR5).

The Lynx was retired after 1987, but was replaced by the Mazda 323-derived Mercury Tracer model which was sold alongside it for much of the year. ^[10] The first Mercury sold without a Ford counterpart (in North America) since 1960, the Mexican- and Taiwanese-assembled Tracer shared its body with the Asian-market Ford Laser, sharing much of its chassis architecture with the Mazda 323/Familia, as would the Escort too by 1991.

Second generation (1991–1996)

Second generation
1993 Ford Escort 5-door
Overview
Also called	Ford Laser (Asia and Oceania)
Production	April 1990–March 1996
Model years	1991–1996
Assembly	Wayne, Michigan, U.S. (Michigan Assembly Plant), (Wayne Stamping & Assembly) Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico (Hermosillo Stamping and Assembly)
Body and chassis
Body style	3-door hatchback 4-door sedan 5-door station wagon 5-door hatchback
Platform	Mazda B platform
Related	Mazda 323 Mazda Protegé Mercury Tracer
Powertrain
Engine	1.8 L BP I4 1.9 L CVH I4
Transmission	5-speed F series manual (1.9) 5-speed G5M manual (1.8) 4-speed F-4EAT automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	98.4 in (2,499 mm)
Length	170.0 in (4,318 mm) Wagon: 171.3 in (4,351 mm) 1992 & 1995–96 Sedan: 170.9 in (4,341 mm)
Width	66.7 in (1,694 mm)
Height	Sedan: 52.7 in (1,339 mm) Hatchback: 52.5 in (1,334 mm) Wagon: 53.6 in (1,361 mm)
Curb weight	3-door hatchback – 2,355 lbs (1,068 kg) 5-door hatchback – 2,385 lbs (1,082 kg) 4-door sedan – 2,404 lbs (1,090 kg) 5-door wagon – 2,491 lbs (1,130 kg)

In April 1990, Ford released the second-generation Ford Escort as an early introduction for the 1991 model year. Again a "world car" like the previous generation, the model line shifted away from its Ford of Europe origins, adopting a design from Mazda (at the time, 25-percent owned by Ford). Adopting mechanical commonality with the Mazda 323, the Escort became the American-market version of the third-generation Ford Laser (introduced in 1989). In North America, the Mercury Tracer now shared design commonality with the Escort.

In a major design change, a four-door sedan joined the model line for the 1992 model year, ^[7] sharing its underpinnings with the Mazda Protegé.

1991-1992 Ford Escort LX 5-door

1995-1996 Ford Escort LX 4-door

Design overview

The second-generation Ford Escort adopted the Mazda B platform (BG); in North America, the chassis was also used by the Mazda 323/Protegé. Again using front-wheel drive, the wheelbase expanded to 98.4 inches (almost within an inch of the Tempo). To improve handling stability, a rear anti-sway bar was added to the rear suspension. ^[7] In another design change, the Escort adopted independent rear suspension.

The Escort shared its body with the third-generation Ford Laser, introduced in Japan in 1989. The two model lines are nearly identical in appearance; the standard Escort was styled with a grille insert styled in line with the Ford Taurus and places the rear license plate between the taillamps (the Laser, into the rear bumper). The Escort sedan was styled with a body-color C-pillar, with black trim for the Laser (a design adopted for higher-trim Mercury Tracer sedans). In line with the previous generation, the Escort GT again adopted an asymmetrical grille insert. Unique to North America, the five-door Escort station wagon was styled with vertical taillamps (in line with the larger Taurus); following the discontinuation of the LTD Country Squire, the Escort wagon now served as half of the Ford station wagon line.

Powertrain details

While the Laser shared powertrain offerings with the Mazda Familia/323, the Escort carried over the 1.9L CVH inline-four (retuned to 88 hp) from the previous generation. For 1991, the engine replaced the previous throttle-body fuel injection with a sequential configuration (SEFI); to allow for a lower hoodline, the engine was tilted forward. ^[7] The Escort GT dropped the CVH engine, replacing it with the Mazda-sourced 127 hp DOHC BP 1.8L I4 (shared with the Mazda Protegé LX and Mazda MX-5). The 4-speed manual and 3-speed automatic transmissions were dropped. Both engines were paired with a standard 5-speed manual transmission; a 4-speed automatic was offered with the 1.9L engine as an option.

The 1.9-litre engine was one of the first Ford engines to feature distributorless ignition (known as EDIS, Electronic Distributorless Ignition System). The Ford Escort GT was fitted with four-wheel disc brakes.

Engine configuration	Engine family	Production	Fuel system	Output (SAE Net)		Notes
				Horsepower	Torque
113 cu in (1.9 L) I4	Ford CVH engine	1991–1996	Sequential Fuel Injection (SEFI)	88 hp (66 kW)	108 ft⋅lbf (146 N⋅m)	Standard/Pony, LX
112 cu in (1.8 L) I4	Mazda BP engine	1991–1996	Multi-port Fuel Injection	127 hp (95 kW)	114 ft⋅lbf (155 N⋅m)	GT, LX-E

Model Year Changes

1994 Ford Escort GT

1995 Ford Escort LX station wagon

For 1991, Ford introduced the second-generation Escort under Pony, LX, and GT trims, returning the previous three-door and five-door hatchbacks and five-door station wagon. While growing in wheelbase, the Escort saw only negligible growth in overall size, gaining less than two inches in length and approximately 100 pounds of weight. The US-market models have the automatic shoulder belts, while the Canadian market models (except for the GT and the sedan models until 1993) have the manual shoulder belts.

For 1992, to improve engine cooling, the grille oval around the Ford emblem was enlarged in size. In a trim change, the base-trim Pony was dropped for the last trim, becoming an unnamed standard trim Escort. For the first time, a four-door Escort sedan was introduced, with the LX-E trim serving as the Ford counterpart of the Mazda Protegé LX and four-door Escort GT (equipped with four-wheel disc brakes, larger front brakes, larger clutch, equal-length driveshafts, larger anti-roll bars, dual-outlet exhaust, sport interior, and 1.8L DOHC engine).

For 1993, 1.9-litre Escorts moved from 13-inch to 14-inch wheels (last used in 1990); the GT continued its use of 15-inch wheels. For non-wagon LXs, a "Sport Appearance" option package was introduced; along with 14-inch alloy wheels, the option included a decklid spoiler and the full-width taillamps used by the GT. ^[7]

For 1994, a driver-side airbag became standard.

For 1995, dual airbags becane standard for 1995, requiring a redesign of the dashboard, with the motorized seat belts were retained on the US-market models through 1996. ^[7]

For 1996, the Escort saw few changes as the third generation was introduced for 1997.

Production Figures

Ford Escort Production Figures ^[23]

	3-door	5-door	Sedan	Wagon	Yearly Total
1991 [a]	182,445	114,944	-	57,337	354,726
1992	81,023	57,651	62,066	58,950	259,690
1993	89,761	58,909	69,796	157,239	375,705
1994	87,888	39,837	59,052	108,372	295,149
1995	91,875	50,233	62,713	115,960	320,781
1996	64,964	11,807	13,439	35,199	125,409
Total	597,956	333,381	267,066	533,057	1,731,460
The 1991 model year lasted about 16 months

Third generation (1997–2003)

Third generation
Overview
Production	1996–2002
Model years	1997–2002
Assembly	Wayne, Michigan, U.S. (Wayne Stamping & Assembly) Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico (Hermosillo Stamping and Assembly)
Body and chassis
Body style	4-door sedan 5-door station wagon
Platform	Mazda B platform
Related	Mazda Protegé Mercury Tracer
Powertrain
Engine	2.0 L SPI2000 SOHC I4 2.0 L Zetec DOHC I4
Transmission	5-speed G5M manual 4-speed F-4EAT automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	98.4 in (2,499 mm)
Length	Wagon: 172.7 in (4,390 mm) Sedan: 174.7 in (4,440 mm)
Width	67.0 in (1,700 mm)
Height	Sedan: 53.3 in (1,354 mm) Wagon: 53.9 in (1,369 mm)
Curb weight	2,468 lb (1,119 kg)

The restyle dropped the hatchbacks and added a new sporty coupe for the 1998 model year.

The Escort sedan and wagon used the lower-powered CVH SPI2000 engine with 110 hp (82 kW). There are subtle differences in the Escort sedan from 1996 to 2002. The trim lines for 1997 were base and LX, for 1998–2002 it was offered in LX and SE trims. For 1999, the reverse lights were moved into the same piece as the tail lamps; they were previously below the tail lamp on the body.

A very rare trim package was offered in 1999 with chrome 14 in (36 cm) wheel covers and other features.

Ford Escort sedan

Ford Escort LX wagon

The Escort was offered in a "Sport" package as well. The Mercury Tracer's version was called the "Trio" or "Sport" depending on the year. A basketweave type of wheel was put on the Tracer Trio while a flower petal pattern was used on the Tracer Sport. The Sport/Trio package included aluminum wheels, a sport exhaust tip, a tachometer and a rear decklid spoiler.

The Escort wagon largely retained the same body style, gaining only the new interior, front end and fascia, side-view mirrors, door handles, badging, and slightly restyled taillamps and reflectors. The black window frames on the doors of some models became body-colored.

Both the Escort wagon and the Mercury Tracer sedan and wagon were discontinued after 1999. The Escort sedan disappeared from price lists in 2002, but continued to be sold as fleet and rental cars only. The Escort was replaced by the Ford Focus ^{[ citation needed ]}. The last Ford Escort rolled off the assembly line in June 2002. The last ZX2 rolled off the assembly line in June 2003. In Mexico, it was replaced by the smaller Ford Ikon.

Engines

• 1997–2002 2.0 L (1986 cc) CVH SPI2000 , SOHC I4, 110 hp (82 kW) at 5,000 rpm, 125 ft⋅lbf (169 N⋅m) at 3,750 rpm, redline 5,500 rpm sedan and wagon
• 1998–2003 2.0 L (1989 cc) Zetec , DOHC I4, 130 hp (97 kW) at 5,750 rpm, 127 ft⋅lbf (172 N⋅m) at 4,250 rpm, redline 6,500 rpm, 7,200 rpm rev limiter ZX2
• 1999–2000 2.0 L (1989 cc) Zetec, DOHC I4, 143 hp (107 kW), 146 ft⋅lbf (198 N⋅m)ZX2 S/R

ZX2

ZX2
Overview
Also called	Ford Escort ZX2
Production	1997–2003 (U.S.) 1997–2000 (Canada & Mexico)[ citation needed ]
Body and chassis
Class	Sport compact
Body style	2-door notchback coupe
Platform	Mazda B platform
Related	Mazda Protegé Mercury Tracer
Powertrain
Engine	2.0 L Zetec DOHC I4
Transmission	5-speed G5M manual 4-speed F-4EAT automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	98.4 in (2,500 mm)
Length	175.2 in (4,450 mm)
Width	67.4 in (1,710 mm)
Height	52.3 in (1,330 mm)
Curb weight	2,478 lb (1,124 kg)
Chronology
Predecessor	Ford Probe

The 1998 Escort ZX2 replaced the Ford Probe as Ford's sport compact car. The ZX2 was a much lower-slung and rakish car than both the Escort sedan and wagon, aimed squarely at the youth market as a replacement for the Escort GT (although lacking its rear disc brake setup) and was built exclusively at Ford's Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico, assembly plant. The interior was refreshed for 1999 and the model was retired after 2003. It had a completely redesigned dashboard and included a panel that unified the heat and radio controls, similar to that of the third generation Ford Taurus.

The 1998 Escort ZX2 coupe featured the 2.0 L, 130 hp (97 kW) Zetec DOHC four-cylinder engine as standard equipment, an option unavailable on the sedan or wagon. Intended for use as the base engine in the larger European Ford Mondeo and its American cousins, the Ford Contour and Mercury Mystique, the Zetec gave the ZX2 respectable performance, running 0–60 mph in 7.4 seconds.

The 1999 and 2000 models offered a performance limited edition ZX2 S/R which further enhanced the car's performance.

For 2001 and 2002, the four-door sedan was limited to fleet sales only and the Escort moniker on the Escort ZX2 was quietly dropped, making the car officially just a two-door notchback coupe.

The Ford Focus debuted in 1998 (1999 in the U.S.) and was produced concurrently with the ZX2. Despite some popularity, the ZX2 was replaced by the Focus ZX3, ZX4 and ZX5. Though the two cars share the same Zetec engine, there are a few differences. The Focus lacks the exhaust-side VCT and contains less aggressive camshafts that push the power band down a few hundred RPM. The two models share the same block but, due to the different camshafts and the different cylinder head, the torque output for the Focus was bumped up by 8 ft⋅lb (11 N⋅m). Due to better gearing and less weight, the ZX2 continued to outperform the Focus. The ZX2 continued with little more than 15 in (38 cm) alloy wheels and a rear defroster newly offered as standard equipment and for 2003, a revised front fascia. Production ceased at the end of the 2003 model year.

ZX2 S/R

The increased presence and success of tuner models from overseas in the late 1990s caused Ford to create their own performance model, the ZX2 S/R, meant to compete with factory performance sport compacts such as the Honda Civic Si and the Dodge Neon ACR. Its initial debut was at SEMA's Import Auto Salon in Pomona in 1999. The ZX2 S/R was the first product jointly developed by Ford Racing and Ford Motor Company's Small Vehicle Center Product Development.

Ford's final limited production count was 2,110 units, consisting of 110 yellow S/Rs for 1999, the first two of which were sold in Columbus, Ohio, and the other 108 in California; and for 2000, 500 black, 500 red and 1,000 yellow S/Rs were sold. The upgrade price to the S/R package was $1,500 in both years. It is believed that only 35 of 2000 S/Rs were sold in Canada.

The optional S/R package added stiffer suspension parts (Eibach springs (M-5560-Z2), Tokico struts (M-18000-Z2) and Energy Suspension brand polyurethane suspension bushings), more power (through a Ford Racing PCM (M-12650-Z2)), more efficient intake (Roush or Iceman), rear disc brakes (M-2300-Z2), a stronger clutch (Centerforce dual friction M-7560-Z2), a short-throw B&M manual-transmission shifter (M-7210-Z2), an S/R-unique shift knob (M-7213-Z2) and boot (M-7277-Z2), upgraded seats, a unique blue valve cover, a different speed cluster that goes up to 150 mph (240 km/h) and a unique tire and wheel package. Engine power was increased 10% over the base Zetec engine used in the ZX2 to 143 bhp (107 kW; 145 PS), courtesy of a recommended premium fuel recalibration, new air inlet system, the performance PCM, improved Borla muffler and pipe (M-5230-Z2). All ZX2 S/Rs have a special "S/R" badge on the back, either silver (on a red car) or red (on a yellow or black car). Some S/Rs went out of the assembly plant without some of the performance mods. The suspension bushings were not installed at the factory but instead packaged with the car for installation at the dealership. This also led to many cars leaving the showroom without the full complement of S/R parts.

• 
  2003 Ford ZX2 (facelift model)
• 
  2003 Ford ZX2 SE, rear view (facelift)

Sales

Calendar year	American sales
1998 [24]	334,562
1999 [25]	260,486
2000	110,736
2001 [26]	90,503
2002 [27]	51,857
2003 (ZX2 only)	25,473
2004 [28] (ZX2 only)	1,210

References

1. "The Pantagraph from Bloomington, Illinois on September 30, 1980 · Page 13". newspapers.com. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
2. "1981 Ford Escort SS Commercial". TestDriveJunkie. 2016-11-27.
3. Hogg, Tony (ed.). "1981 Buyer's Guide". Road & Track's Road Test Annual & Buyer's Guide 1981 (January–February 1981): 97.
4. Assenza, Tony, ed. (September 1981). "Detroit Shifts Gears". Popular Mechanics . Vol. 156, no. 3. Hearst Magazines. p. 168. ISSN   0032-4558.
5. "Rare Rides: A Pristine Ford Escort From 1985 is Your Squire, M'Lady". The Truth About Cars. 2021-06-01. Retrieved 2022-03-28.
6. "1981 Ford Wagons Brochure". oldcarbrochures.com. Retrieved 2022-03-28.
7. "The history of the Ford Escort, Ford Focus, and Mercury Tracer". www.escortfocus.com. Retrieved 2022-03-28.
8. Consumer Guide. Warner Publishing Services. January 1982. p. 160.
9. "How Ford Works". HowStuffWorks. 2007-06-11. Retrieved 2022-03-28.
10. Stark, Harry A., ed. (1987). Ward's Automotive Yearbook 1987. Vol. 49. Detroit, MI: Ward's Communications, Inc. p. 177. ISBN   0910589007.
11. Stark, Harry A.; Bush, James W., eds. (1989). Ward's Automotive Yearbook 1990. Vol. 52. Detroit, MI: Ward's Communications, Inc. p. 253. ISBN   0910589010.
12. Ward's Automotive Yearbook 1990, p. 85.
13. Ross, Daniel Charles (1982-05-03). "Ford's new butterfly". Autoweek . Vol. 32, no. 18. Crain Press Inc. p. 26. ISSN   0192-9674.
14. Witzenburg, Gary (September 1983). "Detroit '84". Popular Mechanics . Vol. 160, no. 3. Hearst Magazines. p. 158. ISSN   0032-4558.
15. Ward's Automotive Yearbook 1987 , p. 93
16. Flammang, James M.; Kowalke, Ron (1999). Standard catalog of American cars, 1976-1999 (3rd ed.). Iola, WI: Krause Publications. ISBN   0-87341-755-0. OCLC   43301709.
17. Bush, James W., ed. (1992). Ward's Automotive Yearbook 1992. Vol. 52. Detroit, MI: Ward's Communications. p. 108. ISBN   978-9992928097.
18. Koscs, Jim (2022-10-18). "Eight Escorts?! Ohio collector stokes the flame of this "throwaway" Ford". Hagerty. Archived from the original on 2022-10-24.
19. "1982 Mercury Lynx Brochure". oldcarbrochures.com. p. 18.
20. "1984 Mercury Lynx Brochure". oldcarbrochures.com. pp. 4–5.
21. McCraw, Jim, ed. (November 1982). "Lynx LTS Sedan Added For 1983". Motor Trend . Vol. 34, no. 11. Petersen Publishing Co. p. 18.
22. "How Mercury Cars Work". HowStuffWorks. 2007-06-06. Retrieved 2022-03-31.
23. Flammang, James M. (1999). Standard catalog of American cars, 1976-1999. Ron Kowalke (3rd ed.). Iola, WI: Krause Publications. ISBN   0-87341-755-0. OCLC   43301709.
24. The Changing Face of Transportation | Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Bureau of Transportation Statistics. pp. 4–11. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
25. "Ford Motor Company Sets New Full Year U.S. Sales Record". Theautochannel.com. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
26. "Ford Motor Company's December U.S. Sales Climb 8.2 Percent" (PDF). Ford Motor Company. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-04-30.
27. "Ford's F-Series Truck Caps 22nd Year in a Row as America's Best-Selling Vehicle With a December Sales Record". Theautochannel.com. 2004-11-17. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
28. "Ford Achieves First Car Sales Increase Since 1999". Theautochannel.com. 2004-11-17. Retrieved 2009-04-28.

External links

• Ward's article on Escort development
• Edmunds most significant car of 1981
• ZX2 S/R Takes Fun to Higher Level
• ZX2 Motorsports
• Padgett Jr., Martin. "Short Take: Ford Escort LX-E". Car and Driver . No. March 1992. pp. 132–133.
• TeamZX2
• "Ford Escort may return as 100mpg hybrid"