The Fremantle Football Club, nicknamed the Dockers or colloquially Freo, is a professional Australian rules football club competing in the Australian Football League (AFL), the sport's elite competition. The team was founded in 1994 to represent the port city of Fremantle, a stronghold of Australian rules football in Western Australia. The Dockers were the second team from the state to be admitted to the competition, following the West Coast Eagles in 1987. Both Fremantle and the West Coast Eagles are owned by WA Football, with a board of directors operating Fremantle on WA Football's behalf.
Fremantle has also fielded a women's team in the AFL Women's league since the competition's inception in 2017. They are currently coached by Lisa Webb and captained by Angelique Stannett. Their most successful season was the 2020 season, in which the team was undefeated, but was ultimately cancelled without a premiership awarded due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[4]
Since 1897, Fremantle Oval has been the city's main Australian rules football venue. The Fremantle Derby between East Fremantle and South Fremantle is traditionally one of the biggest games on the WAFL calendar, and routinely attracts strong crowds. Until the opening of Perth Stadium in 2018, the record attendance for an Australian rules football game in Western Australia stood at 52,781 for the 1979 WANFL Grand Final between East Fremantle and South Fremantle at Subiaco Oval.
The anchor ceremony, a feature of Fremantle home games during the club's early years
Despite Fremantle's long history of Australian rules football, the expansion of the then-Victorian Football League (VFL) into Western Australia took the form of a single, state-wide team with the creation of the West Coast Eagles in 1987. Soon afterwards, discussions emerged between the East Fremantle and South Fremantle clubs regarding the formation of a second WA-based VFL club as a joint venture. However, exclusive rights clauses in contracts between the Eagles and the VFL made a second Western Australian club legally unfeasible until 1993. Additionally, the proposed joint venture model was opposed by the West Australian Football Commission (WAFC).[7]
On 14 December 1993, the AFL announced that a new team, to be based in Fremantle, would enter the league in 1995, with the provisional name "Fremantle Sharks." The licence had cost the WAFC $4 million.[8] On 21 July 1994, the names "Fremantle Football Club", "Fremantle Dockers" and the club colours of purple, red, green and white were announced.
A first training session for the inaugural squad was held on 31 October 1994 at Fremantle Oval.
The team endured some tough years near the bottom of the premiership ladder, until they finished fifth after the home and away rounds in 2003 and made the finals for the first time. The elimination final against eighth-placed Essendon at Subiaco Oval was then the club's biggest ever game, but ended in disappointment for the home team, with the finals experience of Essendon proving too strong for the young team. They then missed making the finals in the following two seasons, finishing both years with 11 wins, 11 losses and only 1 game outside the top eight.
After an average first half to the 2006 AFL season, Fremantle finished the year with a club-record nine straight wins to earn themselves third position at the end of the home and away season with a club-best 15 wins. In the qualifying final against Adelaide at AAMI Stadium, the Dockers led for the first three-quarters before being overrun by the Crows. The following week saw the club win its first finals game in the semi-final against Melbourne at Subiaco Oval. The club subsequently earned a trip to Sydney to play in its first ever preliminary final, where they lost by 35 points at ANZ Stadium to the Sydney Swans.
Recent history (2007–present)
Fremantle players warming up prior to a game in the club's original guernsey, 2009
In 2007, following Chris Connolly's resignation midway through the season, Mark Harvey, a three-time premiership player with Essendon, was appointed caretaker coach for the club. During his seven matches for 2007, Harvey coached the Dockers to four wins and three losses.[9] The club came 11th that year, and Harvey was appointed full-time coach at the end of the season. The following year saw the club slump to 14th.[9]
In Round 15, 2009, Fremantle recorded the lowest score in its history and of the 2000s, scoring only 1.7 (13) to the Adelaide Crows' 19.16 (130).[9] It scored just one point in the first half and the only goal scored came in the third quarter.
After finishing sixth in 2010, the club played in the finals for the first time since 2006. The team played Hawthorn at Subiaco Oval, and despite being considered underdogs, went on to win by 30 points. The win came from strong performances from Luke McPharlin and Adam McPhee who limited the impact of Lance Franklin and Luke Hodge, respectively.[10] The team's second ever win in a finals match qualified them for a semi-final to be played against the Geelong Cats at the MCG the following week. In a one-sided contest, the Dockers lost by 69 points.[11]
The 2011 season saw Fremantle lose just once in the first six rounds before ending the year in 11th position after losing their final seven games. Fremantle's collapse was considered a result of a heavy injury count that began in the pre-season.[12]
In September 2011, Mark Harvey was sensationally sacked by the club in favour of still-contracted St Kilda coach Ross Lyon.[12]
Fremantle qualified for the finals in 2012 after finishing in seventh position. In their elimination final against Geelong, the Dockers won their first ever finals game away from home with a 16-point victory at the MCG behind Matthew Pavlich's six goals.[13] Fremantle subsequently lost to the Crows in Adelaide the following week, ending their finals campaign.
In 2013, Fremantle finished the home-and-away season in third position with a club-best 16 wins. In their qualifying final against the Cats in Geelong, the Dockers produced a first-round upset with a 15-point victory to advance through to a home preliminary final.[14] In the preliminary final, the Dockers defeated the reigning premiers, the Sydney Swans, by 25 points to advance to their maiden AFL Grand Final. In the 2013 grand final, the Dockers were defeated by Hawthorn by a margin of 15 points.
Panorama of the 2013 AFL Grand Final, Fremantle's only grand final appearance
In 2014, the club reached the finals for the third successive year with a top-four finish and 16 wins, but despite earning a double chance, they were knocked out after losses to Sydney away and Port Adelaide at home. Nat Fyfe was awarded the Leigh Matthews Trophy for winning the AFL Players' Association MVP award.[15]
In 2015, the club were crowned minor premiers for the first time in their history, earning their first piece of silverware with the McClelland Trophy.[2] However, the club failed to convert this into a grand final appearance, losing to Hawthorn by 27 points in its home preliminary final. Fremantle ended their season with Nat Fyfe becoming the club's first Brownlow Medalist.[16]
Season 2016 marked Matthew Pavlich's final season in the AFL, as Fremantle missed the finals following a 10-game losing streak to start the year, finishing in 16th position with just four wins.[17]
Ross Lyon was sacked as coach on 20 August 2019 after the club failed to qualify for the finals.[18] He was replaced by Justin Longmuir.[19]
Longmuir's first season was during the COVID-19-affected 2020 AFL season, which was shortened from 22 matches to 17.[20] Fremantle would lose their first four games before finding form and finishing 12th on the ladder with 7 wins and 10 losses.[21]
The 2022 AFL season would prove to be a breakout year for the Dockers, who qualified for finals for the first time since the 2015 AFL season[22] and were in contention for a top-4 finish throughout the season before finishing fifth with fifteen wins, six losses, and one draw.[23] Fremantle's return to finals saw them play the Western Bulldogs in an elimination final at Optus Stadium.[24] Fremantle were dominated in the early stages of the game, with the Bulldogs holding a 42–1 lead at the nine-minute mark of the second term. Fremantle would go on to kick 11 of the last 13 goals to win the game by 13 points.[25] Fremantle next faced Collingwood in a semi-final at the MCG in front of a crowd of over 90,000, losing the game by 20 points.[26]
After losing their opening 2 games of the 2023 AFL season, Fremantle recorded their first win in the 56th Western Derby, beating the Eagles by 41 points. Despite a mid-season resurgence, beating both 2022 Grand Finalists in consecutive weeks, the Dockers would fade out to finish 14th on the ladder.[27]
Fremantle had a promising start to the 2024 AFL season, winning their first three games, before two close losses in Adelaide and a shock loss in Western Derby 58 surrounded their season with uncertainty. The Dockers rebounded, losing just one of their next six games before the mid-season bye to sit inside the top eight. They were entrenched inside the top eight for much of the year and were in the top four as late as round 20, before losing their final four matches. This was catalysed by injuries to key position players, including captain Alex Pearce, leading goalkicker Josh Treacy, and starting ruckman Sean Darcy. The Dockers finished 10th with a record of 12 wins, 10 losses and one draw, just half a win behind Carlton in eighth place.
Fremantle opened 2025 with 4–4, before winning 12 of their next 14 games, including a do-or-die victory over the Bulldogs to finish 6th on the ladder. The club's season ended with a one-point loss to the Gold Coast Suns in the elimination final at Optus Stadium, which was also the final game of Nat Fyfe's career.[28]
Performance
Fremantle's yearly ladder positions
As of July 2024, Fremantle holds an overall win percentage of 45.52%, ranking 16th out of the 21 clubs to have competed in the VFL/AFL.[29] Fremantle is also the oldest of the three active clubs yet to win a premiership. The Dockers' most successful period thus far came between 2013 and 2015, during which they secured three consecutive top-four finishes, made their only grand final appearance (2013) and claimed their only minor premiership (2015).
P = Played, W = Win, D = Draw, L = Loss,% = Score for/Score against. Source: AFL Tables
Club identity
Nicknames and Indigenous name
Fremantle Football Club logo (1999–2010)
The club is nicknamed the "Dockers" in reference to Fremantle's maritime and dockworker heritage.[30] Shortly after the club was launched in 1994, Levi Strauss & Co., which produces the Dockers brand of clothing, challenged the club's right to use the name "Fremantle Dockers", specifically on clothing.[31] As a result, the club and the AFL discontinued the official use of the "Dockers" nickname in 1997. However, it remained in common usage both inside and outside the club, and continued to appear in the official team song "Freo Way to Go" and as the title of the official club magazine Docker.[32] In 2010, the club secured rights from Levi Strauss & Co to officially use the nickname "Dockers" across all branding and merchandise.[33] This name change was made in conjunction with changes to the club logo and playing strip.[34]
When board members raised concerns in 1993 about perceived links to the Federated Ship Painters and Dockers Union, which was then embroiled in criminal investigations, inaugural chairman Ross Kelly and CEO David Hatt came up with a fictional origin to reassure them: that the name came from the Fremantle Doctor, a sea breeze supposedly once called the "Fremantle Docker". This "white lie" helped the name gain acceptance and has since become part of club folklore.[30]
During the 2022 finals, the tongue-in-cheek nickname "Flagmantle" came to symbolise fans' hope or belief that the club is destined for a premiership.[35][36][37] Since 2023, during the Sir Doug Nicholls and AFLW Indigenous Rounds, Fremantle plays as Walyalup ("place of the woylie"), the traditional Noongar name for the Fremantle area.[38]
Motto
The official club motto is "Forever Freo". During Indigenous Rounds, the club also uses the Noongar translation, "Kalyakoorl Walyalup".[39]
Another popular phrase is "Wharfie Time", which originated during a 2009 match when a TV broadcast picked up captain Matthew Pavlich rallying his teammates with the line: "Put on your Superman capes, boys. It's wharfie time."[40] Initially met with bemused reactions from commentators, the phrase was embraced by fans and has become an informal club motto. During close games at Perth Stadium, "Wharfie Time" is shown on the big screens, accompanied by the bell from AC/DC's "Hells Bells".[41]
Guernsey
Matthew Pavlich wearing the club's original anchor guernsey in 2006 (left), and the club's current chevron guernsey in 2016 (right).
Until 2011 the Dockers used the anchor symbol as the basis for all of their guernseys. The home guernsey was purple, with a white anchor on the front separating the chest area into red and green panels, representing the maritime port and starboard colours. The colours also acknowledged Fremantle's large Italian community, which historically has been associated with the city's fishing industry.[42] The away or clash guernsey was all white with a purple anchor. In 2008, CEO Steve Rosich confirmed that Fremantle's guernsey would be reviewed as part of wider branding changes, though the club would retain purple as its primary colour.[43][44] Since 2011, the home guernsey is purple with three white chevrons, and the away jumper is white with purple chevrons.[45] The design was inspired by the club's Heritage Round guernsey, which in turn emulates the jumper worn by the original Fremantle Football Club in 1885.[5][46]
One game each year is designated as the Purple Haze game, where an all-purple jumper with a white anchor is worn. This game is used to raise money for the Starlight Children's Foundation. After the guernsey re-design to a predominately purple home jumper, Fremantle wore the Starlight Foundation logo, a yellow star, above the highest chevron for their Purple Haze game.
Fremantle Football Club had its original training and administration facilities at Fremantle Oval from 1995 until 2017. On 21 February 2017 the club moved its training and administration facilities to Cockburn ARC, a professional sports training facility and community recreation centre that was constructed in 2015–17 at a price of $109 million, located in the suburb of Cockburn Central.[47]
The team's home games are played at Perth Stadium (commercially known as Optus Stadium), a 61,000 seat multi-purpose stadium located in the suburb of Burswood. The club began playing home matches at the venue in 2018, having previously played home matches at Subiaco Oval from 2001 onward and before that the WACA Ground from 1995 to 2000.
Songs
The official song of Fremantle is "Freo Way to Go", a truncated version of the club's original song, "Freo Heave Ho", written by Ken Walther. "Freo Way to Go" was adopted in 2011 following a poll on the Dockers' official website, beating out the original and two newly composed songs: "The Mighty Roar of Freo" by Rosco Elliott, and "Freo Freo", written by Fremantle indie rock group and the Dockers' then-number-one ticket holder, Eskimo Joe.[48] The poll coincided with updates to the club's guernsey and logo.[34][49]
Unlike other AFL team songs, "Freo Way to Go" is played to a contemporary rock tune. "Freo Heave Ho" also had a section based on Igor Stravinsky's arrangement of the traditional Russian folk song, "Song of the Volga Boatmen",[50] which was dropped in 2011, leaving only the original composition of Walther. Due to its unconventional style, the song is derided by many opposition supporters and defended with equally fierce loyalty by many fans.[51][52] Author and Fremantle fan Tim Winton boasted: "Every other team song sounds like a 'Knees Up Mother Brown' from previous eras. We've got a backbeat".[53]
Fremantle psychedelic groups Pond and Tame Impala, linked by shared members, have both released tributes to the club. Pond covered "Freo Heave Ho" in 2013,[54] while Tame Impala's Kevin Parker, after being named the club's number-one ticket holder in 2021, released "Go Freo", a hype track now played at three-quarter time at Fremantle's home games. Adding to the Fremantle connection, the song draws inspiration from Bon Scott-era AC/DC.[55]
Mascots
Johnny "The Doc" Docker, Fremantle's official mascot since 2003
1995–1999: Grinder – a cartoon-like docker man, in a similar style to Popeye, with a permanent snarl, oversized jaw and muscular arms.
2000–2003: The Doc – a straggly blonde-haired mascot, similar in appearance to Fremantle players Clive Waterhouse or Shaun McManus.
2003–present: Johnny "The Doc" Docker – a blonde haired surfer with a surfboard under one arm is the Dockers' official mascot in the Mascot Manor promotion for kids.
2022–present: Dokka the Quokka – a quokka, which is a marsupial native to Rottnest Island, off the coast of Fremantle.[56]
Ownership and management
The club is owned by the West Australian Football Commission (WAFC). Since 2003, a board of directors controls the operation of the club, on behalf of the WAFC. Prior to this, a two-tier arrangement was in place, with a Board of Management between the board of directors and the commission. The initial club CEO was David Hatt, who had come from a hockey background, and the inaugural club chairman was Ross Kelly, who had played for West Perth. It was a deliberate act by the commission to avoid having administrators from either East Fremantle or South Fremantle in key roles, as they wanted the club to be bigger than just representing Fremantle.[57]
Kelly resigned at the end of 1998, replaced by Ross McLean. Whilst he presided over some key financial decisions, including the building of the club's administrative and training centre at Fremantle Oval and the deferment of the licence fee to the AFL, it was Fremantle's lowest point onfield, culminating in a two-win season in 2001 which saw the coach Damian Drum be sacked mid-year. McLean resigned following an inadvertent breach of the salary cap.[58]
In early 2001 Hatt accepted a government job and Cameron Schwab was appointed. After weathering the fallout from the disastrous 2001 season, Schwab and the new chairman, local West Australian retailing businessman Rick Hart, set about rebuilding the club. A former recruiting manager, Schwab focused on building up the on-field performance by recruiting high-profile players in Trent Croad, Peter Bell and Jeff Farmer, as well as coach Chris Connolly and with Hart then focused on enhancing the corporate and financial standing of the club.[59] The club membership grew every year from 2002 until 2008[60] and the final licence payment was made to the AFL in 2005.
Schwab chose to return to Melbourne in 2008 and was replaced as CEO by Steve Rosich, who had previously worked for the West Coast Eagles. A year later Hart resigned as president and Steve Harris, who runs The Brand Agency and had produced advertising for Fremantle since 2002, took over at the end of 2009. Harris had been on the board since November 2008, the first club chairman or president to have previously served on the board.[61] The club has developed into one of the wealthiest clubs in the league and their surprise recruitment of Ross Lyon to replace Mark Harvey as coach at the end of the 2011 is seen as an example of their ruthless drive for sustained success.[62] In 2014, Harris resigned as president and was replaced by the then vice president, Perth property developer Dale Alcock.[63]
Fremantle's biggest rivalry is with the other Western Australian team, the West Coast Eagles, who they play twice each year in the home and away season, in the fiercely contested "Western Derby" matches (pronounced /ˈdɜːrbi/ in Western Australia). West Coast won the first nine encounters, but Fremantle broke the streak with a win in Round 16, 1999. When they met again a year later, Fremantle came back from 42 points down in the third quarter to win by a single point. Dubbed the "Demolition Derby", the match is infamous for its on-field brawls and resulting suspensions and fines, and is now remembered as a turning point in Fremantle's identity and competitiveness.[64] Since then, the rivalry has been relatively even, with Fremantle holding 28 Derby wins overall to West Coast's 33.
St Kilda
The Dockers and the St Kilda Football Club have had several controversial encounters, most notably in 2006, when a match at Launceston's York Park ended in a dispute dubbed "Sirengate". While the match initially ended in a draw, the AFL overturned the draw result the following Wednesday after the match; the controversy was due to an off-field error made by the timekeepers not sounding the siren for long enough to confirm that the umpires heard it, as well as the siren not being loud enough for the field umpires to hear over the roar of the crowd in the first place, and Fremantle were eventually declared as one-point winners with no protest from St Kilda.[65] It marked the first time a game result had later been overturned since 1900.[66]
During the 2011 off-season, Fremantle sacked coach Mark Harvey and replaced him with then-St Kilda coach Ross Lyon in controversial circumstances. The move was met with much criticism towards Fremantle's president, Steve Harris, and CEO, Steve Rosich, claiming that they had "backstabbed" Harvey. Lyon was also met with widespread criticism and was accused of backstabbing St Kilda by many Saints supporters as the club was made aware that Fremantle had approached Lyon during St Kilda's lead-up to its finals campaign. The two clubs contested a highly anticipated Friday night match in Round 4 of the 2012 AFL season at Etihad Stadium, with Fremantle winning by 13 points and Lyon being booed throughout the match.[67] Lyon became Fremantle's longest serving and most successful coach before being sacked in 2019. He later returned for a second coaching stint at St Kilda in 2023, and his first game back was against Fremantle.
For most of Fremantle's history, players have played for various West Australian Football League (WAFL) teams when not selected to play for the Fremantle AFL team. Players recruited from the WAFL have remained with their original club, and players recruited from interstate have been allocated to teams via a draft system. Since the 2014 season, the Peel Thunder Football Club has served as the host club for the Fremantle Dockers, an arrangement which will see Fremantle's reserves players playing in the WAFL for Peel Thunder Football Club. An attempt in 2013 to field a standalone Fremantle reserves side in the WAFL was rejected by the other WAFL clubs.[69] A similar host club system was used in 1999 when South Fremantle was the aligned club but was cancelled after a single season.
Despite West Coast being granted a reserves team in the competition in 2020, Fremantle's partnership with Peel has continued successfully, with the two clubs committing to retain the relationship until 2029.[70]
Throughout the partnership between both Fremantle & Peel Thunder, it has produced 3 WAFL Premierships (2016, 2017 & 2024).
AFL Women's team
History
Fremantle AFL Women's team huddle prior to a practice match in January 2017
In May 2016, the club launched a bid to enter a team in the inaugural AFL Women's season in 2017.[71] As part of the bid, the team would guarantee all players education and job opportunities with the club and the partnering Curtin University.[71]
Fremantle beat out a bid from rivals West Coast when they were granted a licence on 15 June 2016.[72]
Kiara Bowers and Kara Antonio were the club's first signings, unveiled along with the league's other 14 marquee players on 27 July 2016.[73] A further 24 senior players and two rookie players were added to the club's inaugural list in the league's drafting and signing period.
The AFLW squad plays its home matches at Fremantle Oval, the club's spiritual home.
The club's initial bid outlined plans for a game each at Domain Stadium and at Curtin University's Bentley campus as well as up to two remaining matches held at the club training base in the city of Cockburn.[71] The club eventually played two home games at Fremantle Oval, one at Domain Stadium and one in Mandurah.[75] In 2018, the Dockers hosted the first football game at Perth Stadium but played the remainder of their home games at Fremantle Oval.
The Dockers struggled in their inaugural season, only winning one of seven games and finishing seventh out of eight teams on the ladder. They fared slightly better in 2018, winning three matches, but again finished seventh on the ladder.[76]
In 2019, Fremantle had their most successful season, losing only one game during the home-and-away matches (to eventual premiers Adelaide) and making the finals for the first time. The team, now coached by Trent Cooper and with Kiara Bowers making her long-awaited debut after two injury-affected years, started the year with a high-scoring victory over Melbourne in the opening round and then kicked their highest ever score, 10.7 (67), in round 2 against Brisbane. Despite having won two more games than Carlton, the controversial conference system saw Carlton host the knock out preliminary final[77] and inflict Fremantle's second defeat of the year. In the post-season awards, Bowers[78] and Dana Hooker[79] came second behind Erin Phillips in the AFLW MVP award and AFL Women's best and fairest award, respectively. Bowers, Hooker and Gemma Houghton were all named in the AFL Women's All-Australian team.[80]Ashley Sharp was awarded goal of the year for a long-run, multiple-bounce goal.[81]
The Doig Medal is the Fremantle Football Club's annual fairest and best award. Currently, the Fremantle coaching staff give every player votes on a 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 basis after every match, including Finals Series matches. Top votes are awarded for what is regarded as an elite performance. At the end of the year the votes are tallied and the Doig Medal Night is held to announce the winner. Variations on the voting system have been used in past years. The awards ceremony has been held at the Fremantle Passenger Terminal (1995), Challenge Stadium (1998–1999), Fremantle Oval (2000–2001), the Grand Ballroom at Burswood Entertainment Complex (2002–2005, 2008–current) and the Perth Convention Exhibition Centre (2006–2007).
The Beacon Award is presented to the club's best first year player. Mature aged recruits Michael Barlow, Tendai Mzungu and Lee Spurr have won in recent years, despite being significantly older than most first year players.
Record attendance (home and away game): 62,198, Round 19, 20 July 2025 at MCG v Collingwood
Record attendance (AFLW home and away game): 41,975, Round 2, 10 February 2018 at Perth Stadium v Collingwood
Record attendance (home game): 58,982, First Elimination Final, 03 September 2022 at Perth Stadium v Western Bulldogs
Record attendance (finals match): 100,007, Grand Final, Sept 28, 2013 at MCG v Hawthorn.
Fremantle Football Hall of Legends
The Fremantle Football Hall of Legends was inaugurated by Fremantle Football Club in 1995, in recognition of the new AFL team's links with its home city's football heritage. The inductees are nominated by the two clubs from the Fremantle area in the WAFL: East Fremantle and South Fremantle. In time, players who represented Fremantle in the AFL will join their predecessors in this prestigious Hall.
Fremantle's 25 Since '95
In 2019, The West Australian named Fremantle's greatest team of the past twenty five years as part of the club's twenty fifth anniversary celebrations, as voted by Fans and club officials.:[104]
It is traditional for each AFL club to recognise a prominent supporter as the number-one ticket holder. Fremantle originally awarded this to Carmen Lawrence, the sitting member for the federal seat of Fremantle. This was roundly criticised as the member may or may not be a supporter of the club and unnecessarily linked politics with sport.[105] The policy was soon changed to select a well-known Fremantle identity for a two-year period. The current number-one ticket holder is Kevin Parker, the frontman of Tame Impala
Despite a relative lack of on-field success, Fremantle has recorded membership figures above average for the league. The club in 2004 had the fastest-growing membership in the AFL competition, at more than 27% from the previous year, with home crowds growing at a similar rate.[citation needed] The club's recent membership slogans have emphasised the passion of Fremantle fans for their team.[how?][which?]
Fremantle achieved a membership of over 60,000 in 2023, for the first time in the club's history.[122]
1 2 Rucci, Michelangelo; Clark, Jay (16 September 2011). "Mark Harvey sacked by Fremantle, Ross Lyon ready to step in". AdelaideNow.com.au. Retrieved 20 August 2018. Fremantle's collapse this season was considered a result of a heavy injury count that began in the pre-season.
↑ Gervase A. Haimes (August 2006); Culture and Identity at FFC in PhD thesis "Organizational Culture and Identity: A Case Study from the Australian Football League", Victoria University; archived from the original on 1 March 2011
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